熟污泥改良土壤中Cd的形态分布特征和生物有效性
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摘要
通过苜蓿盆栽实验和Tessier五步提取法,研究了不同比例的堆肥污泥施入黄土后,土壤中Cd的形态分布和生物有效性及重金属在施污土壤-苜蓿中的迁移转化规律。结果表明:不同比例的污泥施入黄土后,随着污泥施入量的增加,土壤中Cd的主要赋存形态由对照组的不可利用态(残渣态)向潜在有效态(铁锰氧化态)转化,污泥的施入提高了重金属Cd的生物有效性;苜蓿的种植对施污根际土中Cd的活性产生了钝化作用,使施污黄土根际土壤中潜在有效态Cd主要向不可利用态的Cd转化;苜蓿各器官对Cd均有富集和转移能力,苜蓿各部位重金属Cd含量的分布规律为:根部>茎叶部;线性回归分析结果表明:碳酸盐结合态Cd是苜蓿茎叶部和根部吸收Cd的主要贡献形态;因此在实际生产时须严格控制污泥的施用量,以避免Cd在苜蓿体内富集危害动物和人体健康。
The morphological distribution and bioavailability of cadmium( Cd) in soil and the migration and transformation of Cd in soil-alfalfa system were studied by carrying out pot experiments. Cooked sludge were added to loess at the ratios of( 0%,0.5%,1.5%,3%,6%,10% and 15%). With the increases in sludge ratios,some Cd in unusable state( or residual state) in the soil was transformed to potential available state( iron-manganese oxidation state). Also,the sludge application increased the bioavailability of Cd. The planting of alfalfa had a passivation effect on the morphology of Cd in the rhizosphere soil,where the form of Cd was transformed from the potential available state to the unusable state. All organs of alfalfa plants had the ability to accumulate and transfer Cd. The regularities of the distribution of Cd in the organs of alfalfa plant were root > stem and leaf. A stepwise regression analysis showed the carbonate-bound Cd was the main contributor to the accumulation of Cd in the leaves and roots of alfalfa. Therefore,the application amount of sludge must be strictly controlled in agricultural practices to avoid the accumulation of Cd in alfalfa that may pose risks to animals and human health.
The morphological distribution and bioavailability of cadmium( Cd) in soil and the migration and transformation of Cd in soil-alfalfa system were studied by carrying out pot experiments. Cooked sludge were added to loess at the ratios of( 0%,0.5%,1.5%,3%,6%,10% and 15%). With the increases in sludge ratios,some Cd in unusable state( or residual state) in the soil was transformed to potential available state( iron-manganese oxidation state). Also,the sludge application increased the bioavailability of Cd. The planting of alfalfa had a passivation effect on the morphology of Cd in the rhizosphere soil,where the form of Cd was transformed from the potential available state to the unusable state. All organs of alfalfa plants had the ability to accumulate and transfer Cd. The regularities of the distribution of Cd in the organs of alfalfa plant were root > stem and leaf. A stepwise regression analysis showed the carbonate-bound Cd was the main contributor to the accumulation of Cd in the leaves and roots of alfalfa. Therefore,the application amount of sludge must be strictly controlled in agricultural practices to avoid the accumulation of Cd in alfalfa that may pose risks to animals and human health.
引文
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[22]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:78-79
[23] Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851
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[25]刘霞,刘树庆.土壤重金属形态分布特征与生物效应的研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(S1):407-410Liu X,Liu S Q. Progress in research on relationship between heavy metal speciation and bioavailability in soils[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2006,25(S1):407-410(in Chinese)
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[27]金诚.施用污泥堆肥对黄土性质及镉铜锌生物有效性的影响研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017:24-26Jin C. Effects of municipal sludge compost application on loess properties and bioavailability of cadmium,copper and zinc[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2017:24-26(in Chinese)
[28]周立祥,沈其荣,陈同斌,等.重金属及养分元素在城市污泥主要组分中的分配及其化学形态[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(3):269-274Zhou L X,Shen Q R,Chen T B,et al. Distribution and chemical form of heavy metals in the principal components of undigested sludge[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2000,20(3):269-274(in Chinese)
[29]于瑞莲,徐加庆,胡恭任,等.施用污泥对小白菜生长及其迁转重金属的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(1):82-86Yu R L,Xu J Q,Hu G R,et al. Effects of applying sewage sludge on pakchois growth and transfer of heavy metals[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(1):82-86(in Chinese)
[30]李元,祖艳群.重金属污染生态与生态修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:37-40
[31]周婷,南忠仁,王胜利,等.干旱区绿洲土壤Cd/Pb复合污染下重金属形态转化与生物有效性[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1089-1096Zhou T,Nan Z R,Wang S L,et al. Speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals under combined pollution of cadmium and lead in arid oasis soils[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(6):1089-1096(in Chinese)
[32]陈有,陶澍,邓宝山,等.不同作物根际环境对土壤重金属形态的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):54-59Chen Y,Tao S,Deng B S,et al. Effects of rhizosphere environment of different crops on heavy metal forms in soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(1):54-59(in Chinese)
[33]王社平,程晓波,姚岚,等.施用城市污泥堆肥对土壤和青椒重金属积累的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(9):1829-1836Wang S P,Cheng X B,Yao L,et al. Effects of sewage sludge compost application on heavy metal accumulation in soil and green pepper[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(9):1829-1836(in Chinese)
[2]王喜艳,鄂勇,付春雷,等.施污土壤与污泥中Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn的形态分布[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):665-669Wang X Y,E Y,Fu C L,et al. Fractional distribution of copper,lead,cadmium and zinc in the soil amended with composted sludge and in sludge itself[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(3):665-669(in Chinese)
[3]郭广慧,陈同斌,杨军,等.中国城市污泥重金属区域分布特征及变化趋势[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10):2455-2461Guo G H,Chen T B,Yang J,et al. Regional distribution characteristics and variation of heavy metals in sewage sludge of China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(10):2455-2461(in Chinese)
[4] Robson T C,Braungardt C B,Rieuwerts J,et al. Cadmium contamination of agricultural soils and crops resulting from sphalerite weathering[J]. Environmental Pollution,2014,184(1):283-289
[5]刘冲,李虎,赵一莎,等.城市污泥对Cd在黄土中的形态分布及再分配的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(10):3218-3224Liu C,Li H,Zhao Y S,et al. Effect of sewage sludge amendments on the speciation distribution and redistribution of Cd in loess[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(10):3218-3224(in Chinese)
[6]雷鸣,廖柏寒,秦普丰.土壤重金属化学形态的生物可利用性评价[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(5):1551-1556Lei M,Liao B H,Qin P F. Assessment of bioavailability of heavy metal in contaminated soils with chemical fractionation[J]. Ecology and Environment,2007,16(5):1551-1556(in Chinese)
[7] Wang S L,Nan Z R,Liu X W,et al. Availability and speciation of Cu,Zn,and Pb added to irrigated desert soil[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2010,19(4):865-869
[8]许振岚,陈红.城市污泥人工土壤中重金属生物有效性及综合毒性研究[J].浙江大学学报:理学版,2010,37(3):300-305Xu Z L,Cheng H. Bioavailability and comprehensive toxicity of heavy metals in artificial soil composed of sewage sludge[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University:Science Edition,2010,37(3):300-305(in Chinese)
[9] Venegas A,Rigol A,Vidal M. Changes in heavy metal extractability from contaminated soils remediated with organic waste or biochar[J]. Geoderma,2016,279:132-140
[10] Parraga-Aguado I,Alvarez-Rogel J,Gonzalez-Alcaraz M N,et al. Metal mobility assessment for the application of an urban organic waste amendment in two degraded semiarid soils[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2017,173:92-98
[11] Elloumi N,Belhaj D,Jerbi B,et al. Effects of sewage sludge on bio-accumulation of heavy metals in tomato seedlings[J]. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2016,14:1-13
[12] López R,Burgos P,Madrid F,et al. Source separate collection of recyclables reduces chromium and nickel content in municipal solid waste compost[J]. CleanSoil,Air,Water,2015,43(3):427-433
[13] Smith S R. A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge[J]. Environment International,2009,35:142-156
[14] Liu H. Relationship between organic matter humification and bioavailability of sludge-borne copper and cadmium during long-term sludge amendment to soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2016,566-567(566):8-14
[15] Santos S,Costa C A,Duarte A C,et al. Influence of different organic amendments on the potential availability of metals from soil:A study on metal fractionation and extraction kinetics by EDTA[J]. Chemosphere,2010,78:389-396
[16]赵晓莉,徐德福,李泽宏,等.城市污泥的土地利用对黑麦草理化指标和品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(s1):59-63Zhao X L,Xu D F,Li Z H,et al. Influence of municipal sludge land application to ryegrass physical and chemical properties sand quality[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(s1):59-63(in Chinese)
[17]马利民,陈玲,吕彦,等.污泥土地利用对土壤中重金属形态的影响[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(2):151-153Ma L M,Chen L,Lv Y,et al. Effects of sewage sludge application to land on species of heavy metals in soil[J]. Ecology and Environment,2004,13(2):151-153(in Chinese)
[18]王新,周启星,陈涛,等.污泥土地利用对草坪草及土壤的影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(2):50-53Wang X,Zhou Q X,Chen T,et al. Effects of land utilization of sewage sludge on grass and soils[J]. Enviromental Science,2003,24(2):50-53(in Chinese)
[19]王鑫,马永祥,李娟.紫花苜蓿营养成分及主要生物学特性[J].草业科学,2003,20(10):39-41Wang X,Ma Y X,Li J. Nutritional components and main biological characteristics of alfalfa[J]. Pratacultural Science,2003,20(10):39-41(in Chinese)
[20]孙建华,王彦荣,余玲.紫花苜蓿生长特性及产量性状相关性研究[J].草业学报,2004,13(4):80-86Song J H,Wang Y R,Yu L. Growth characteristics and their correlation with the yield of Medicago sativa[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2004,13(4):80-86(in Chinese)
[21]温晓霞,翁琴,李生烨,等.黄土高原苜蓿草业开发利用探讨[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(3):160-163Wen X X,Weng Q,Li S Y,et al. Development and utilization of alfalfa prataculture on the loess plateau[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2003,21(3):160-163(in Chinese)
[22]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:78-79
[23] Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851
[24]宋琳琳,铁梅,张朝红,等.施用污泥对土壤重金属形态分布和生物有效性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2701-2707Song L L,Tie M,Zhang C H,et al. Effects of applying sewage sludge on chemical form distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(10):2701-2707(in Chinese)
[25]刘霞,刘树庆.土壤重金属形态分布特征与生物效应的研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(S1):407-410Liu X,Liu S Q. Progress in research on relationship between heavy metal speciation and bioavailability in soils[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2006,25(S1):407-410(in Chinese)
[26]张朝升,陈秋丽,张可方,等.大坦沙污水厂污泥重金属形态及其生物有效性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):1259-1264Zhang C S,Chen Q L,Zhang K F,et al. Chemical forms and bioavailability of heavy metals in the sludge of Datansha Wastewater Treatment Plant[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(3):1259-1264(in Chinese)
[27]金诚.施用污泥堆肥对黄土性质及镉铜锌生物有效性的影响研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017:24-26Jin C. Effects of municipal sludge compost application on loess properties and bioavailability of cadmium,copper and zinc[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2017:24-26(in Chinese)
[28]周立祥,沈其荣,陈同斌,等.重金属及养分元素在城市污泥主要组分中的分配及其化学形态[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(3):269-274Zhou L X,Shen Q R,Chen T B,et al. Distribution and chemical form of heavy metals in the principal components of undigested sludge[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2000,20(3):269-274(in Chinese)
[29]于瑞莲,徐加庆,胡恭任,等.施用污泥对小白菜生长及其迁转重金属的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(1):82-86Yu R L,Xu J Q,Hu G R,et al. Effects of applying sewage sludge on pakchois growth and transfer of heavy metals[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(1):82-86(in Chinese)
[30]李元,祖艳群.重金属污染生态与生态修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:37-40
[31]周婷,南忠仁,王胜利,等.干旱区绿洲土壤Cd/Pb复合污染下重金属形态转化与生物有效性[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1089-1096Zhou T,Nan Z R,Wang S L,et al. Speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals under combined pollution of cadmium and lead in arid oasis soils[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(6):1089-1096(in Chinese)
[32]陈有,陶澍,邓宝山,等.不同作物根际环境对土壤重金属形态的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):54-59Chen Y,Tao S,Deng B S,et al. Effects of rhizosphere environment of different crops on heavy metal forms in soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(1):54-59(in Chinese)
[33]王社平,程晓波,姚岚,等.施用城市污泥堆肥对土壤和青椒重金属积累的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(9):1829-1836Wang S P,Cheng X B,Yao L,et al. Effects of sewage sludge compost application on heavy metal accumulation in soil and green pepper[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(9):1829-1836(in Chinese)
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