耐高温水基压裂液研究进展
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摘要
随着勘探技术的发展,油气勘探向纵深发展,而越往深井发展地层温度越高,国内外对高温油藏的开发愈加重视。水基压裂液由于其施工方便、价格低廉以及性能优异等优点,一直是应用最为普遍的压裂液。但早期压裂液的耐温性能较差,无法满足高温油藏的压裂施工需求。因此开发可用于耐高温油气藏的水基压裂液具有重要的研究价值和实际应用价值。本文介绍了国内外耐高温水基压裂液的研究进展,对于胍胶压裂液,通过提高稠化剂用量,进行稠化剂、交联剂的改性,以提高其耐温性能;耐温清洁压裂液稠化剂类型由早期的阳离子、阴离子型向双子及复合型发展,近年还有学者将纳米体系用于改性表面活性剂;耐温合成聚合物压裂液发展较快,多是通过设计多元共聚物提升耐温能力。对于胍胶压裂液体系,研发满足特高温油藏压裂施工需求的低浓度胍胶压裂液还是今后的主要研究方向。文中指出清洁压裂液体系成本过高,无法大规模使用;合成聚合物压裂液耐温性能好,研究含有支链聚合单体或磺酸基团等的多元共聚物,引入合适的疏水基团作为稠化剂,是合成聚合物的研究方向。
With the advanced development of exploration technology, oil and gas exploration can be conducted in deeper formations. According to the fact that the deeper the well is, the higher formation temperature is, more and more attention has been paid to the development of high temperature reservoirs at home and abroad. Generally, the water-based fracturing fluid is the most widely used one because of its advantages such as convenient construction, low price, excellent performance and so on. However, the early fracturing fluid cannot meet the needs of fracturing in high temperature reservoirs because of its poor temperature resistance. Therefore, the development of water-based fracturing fluids that can be used in high temperature reservoirs has important research and application values. In this paper, the research progress of high temperature resistant water-based fracturing fluids both at home and abroad was introduced. For guanidine gum fracturing fluids, its property of high temperature resistance can be strengthen by increasing the dosage of gelatinizer and using modified crosslinkers and gelatinizer. The type of gelatinizer for high-temperature resistant VES fracturing fluids has developed from cationic and anionic to Gemini and compound. Some scholars used the nanoscale system in surfactant modification.Besides, the temperature-resistant synthetic polymer fracturing fluid with a high temperature resistance by the design of poly-copolymer develops rapidly. The development of low concentration guanidine gum fracturing fluid which can meet the needs of fracturing operation in ultra-high temperature reservoirs is still the main research direction in the future. It was pointed out that VES fracturing fluid system is too expensive to be used in a large scale and for guanidine gum fracturing fluid system. Synthetic polymer fracturing fluid has a good temperature resistance and it is the research direction of polymer synthesis to study the multicomponent copolymers containing branched chain polymerization monomers or sulfonic acid groups and introduce suitable hydrophobic groups as thickeners.
With the advanced development of exploration technology, oil and gas exploration can be conducted in deeper formations. According to the fact that the deeper the well is, the higher formation temperature is, more and more attention has been paid to the development of high temperature reservoirs at home and abroad. Generally, the water-based fracturing fluid is the most widely used one because of its advantages such as convenient construction, low price, excellent performance and so on. However, the early fracturing fluid cannot meet the needs of fracturing in high temperature reservoirs because of its poor temperature resistance. Therefore, the development of water-based fracturing fluids that can be used in high temperature reservoirs has important research and application values. In this paper, the research progress of high temperature resistant water-based fracturing fluids both at home and abroad was introduced. For guanidine gum fracturing fluids, its property of high temperature resistance can be strengthen by increasing the dosage of gelatinizer and using modified crosslinkers and gelatinizer. The type of gelatinizer for high-temperature resistant VES fracturing fluids has developed from cationic and anionic to Gemini and compound. Some scholars used the nanoscale system in surfactant modification.Besides, the temperature-resistant synthetic polymer fracturing fluid with a high temperature resistance by the design of poly-copolymer develops rapidly. The development of low concentration guanidine gum fracturing fluid which can meet the needs of fracturing operation in ultra-high temperature reservoirs is still the main research direction in the future. It was pointed out that VES fracturing fluid system is too expensive to be used in a large scale and for guanidine gum fracturing fluid system. Synthetic polymer fracturing fluid has a good temperature resistance and it is the research direction of polymer synthesis to study the multicomponent copolymers containing branched chain polymerization monomers or sulfonic acid groups and introduce suitable hydrophobic groups as thickeners.
引文
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[2] WILLIAMS D A. Crosslinker composition for high temperature hydraulic fracturing fluids:US4534870[P]. 1985-08-13.
[3] MITCHELL T O,PARRIS M D. High temperature hydraulic fracturing fluid:US6227295[P]. 2001-05-08.
[4]何志勇,程运甫,冯敬红.大港油田深探井压裂改造技术[J].钻采工艺, 2003,26(6):34-38.HE Zhiyong, CHENG Yunpu, FENG Jinghong. Fracturing technology of deep exploration well in Dagang oilfield[J]. Drilling&Production Technology, 2003, 26(6):34-38.
[5]张应安,刘光玉,周学平,等.新型羧甲基胍胶超高温压裂液在松辽盆地南部深层火山岩气井的应用[J].中国石油勘探, 2009, 14(4):70-73.ZHANG Yingan, LIU Guangyu, ZHOU Xueping, et al. Application of new CMG ultra-high temperature fracturing fluid to deep volcanic gas wells in southern Songliao basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2009, 14(4):70-73.
[6]翟文,王丽伟,邱晓慧,等. 240℃超聚合物高温压裂液耐温机理及流变性研究[C]//第十二届全国流变学学术会议, 2014.ZHAI Wen, WANG Liwei, QIU Xiaohui, et al. Rheological behaviors and temperature resistant mechanism of an ultra-high temperature fracturing fluid[C]//The 12th National Academic Conference on Rheology, 2014.
[7] PAUL L D, WEAVER J D, SULEIMAN I M. Low damage seawater based frac pack fluid:US8590621[P]. 2013-11-26.
[8] SATYA GUPTA D V. Fracturing fluid for extreme temperature conditions is just as easy as the rest[C]//SPE140176, 2011.
[9] BARATI R, JOHNSON S J, MCCOOL S, et al. Fracturing fluid cleanup by controlled release of enzymes from polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011, 121(3):1292-1298.
[10] BARATI R, JOHNSON S J, MCCOOL S, et al. Polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles for protection and delayed release of enzymes in alkaline pH and at elevated temperature during hydraulic fracturing of oil wells[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012, 126(2):587-592.
[11] VO L K, BIYANI M V, CORTEZ J, et al. Development of seawaterbased fracturing fluid for high-temperature wells[C]//SPE Asia Pacific Hydraulic Fracturing Conference, 2016.
[12] BINGHANIM A, MUAS AL-HUSSAIN ALI, KARADKAR PRASAD,et al. High-temperature fracturing fluid based on nanofiltered seawater[C]//SPE Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Technical Symposium&Exhibition, 2017.
[13]张大年,赵崇镇,范凌霄,等.海水基植物胶压裂液体系快速制备及性能评价[J].中国海上油气, 2016, 28(6):95-98.ZHANG Danian, ZHAO Chongzhen, FAN Lingxiao, et al. Rapid preparation and performance evaluation of a seawater-based vegetable gum fracturing liquid[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2016, 28(6):95-98.
[14]李小凡,于柏慧,马新仿,等.耐高温低伤害压裂液配方优化评价研究[J].科学技术与工程, 2016, 16(15):192-195.LI Xiaofan, YU Baihui, MA Xinfang, et al. Experimental research on the optimization of high temperature resistance fracturing fluid system[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2016, 16(15):192-195.
[15]张大年,张锁兵,赵孟云,等.液体胍胶制备方法及其耐高温体系性能[J].油田化学, 2014, 31(2):203-206.ZHANG Danian, ZHANG Suobing, ZHAO Mengyun, et al. Preparation method of liquid guar gum and high temperature resistant performance of hydraulic fracturing fluid[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2014, 31(2):203-206.
[16] XIAO B, ZHANG S C, GUO T K, et al. Experimental investigation and performance evaluation of a novel high temperature tolerant seawaterbased fracturing fluid[J]. Water Resour Manage, 2014, 28(10):2767-2779.
[17]辛军,郭建春,赵金洲,等.新型超高温压裂液体系研制与评价[J].钻井液与完井液, 2009, 26(6):49-52.XIN Jun, GUO Jianchun, ZHAO Jinzhou, et al. The development and evaluation of a new ultra-high temperature fracturing fluid[J]. Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid, 2009, 26(6):49-52.
[18]孟宪波,周汉国.超高温压裂液在国内压裂井的首次应用[J].油气井测试, 2014, 23(2):68-70.MENG Xianbo, ZHOU Hanguo. The first application of the ultra-high temperature fracturing fluid in national fractured well[J]. Well Testing,2014, 23(2):68-70.
[19]罗攀登,张俊江,鄢宇杰,等.耐高温低浓度瓜胶压裂液研究与应用[J].钻井液与完井液, 2015, 32(5):86-88.LUO Pandeng, ZHANG Junjiang, YAN Yujie, et al. Study and application of high temperature low concentration guar gum fracturing fluid[J]. Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid, 2015, 32(5):86-88.
[20]刘彝,李良川,刘京,等.低浓度胍胶压裂液在高温大斜度井中的应用研究[J].钻采工艺, 2015, 38(4):89-92.LIU Yi, LI Liangchuan, LIU Jing, et al. Research and application of low concentration guar fracturing fluid in highly-deviated wells with high temperature[J]. Drilling&Production Technology, 2015, 38(4):89-92.
[21]周珺,贾文峰,蒋廷学,等.耐高温超低浓度纳米胍胶压裂液性能评价研究[J].现代化工, 2017, 37(5):59-63.ZHOU Jun, JIA Wenfeng, JIANG Tingxue, et al. Performance evaluation of high temperature ultra-low concentration nanometer HPC fracturing fluid[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2017, 37(5):59-63.
[22]吴俣昊,欧阳传湘,闫梦.低浓度低伤害胍胶压裂液室内实验评价[J].当代化工, 2018, 47(3):458-461.WU Yuhao, OUYANG Chuanyang, YAN Meng. Performance evaluation of low concentration and low damage guanidine gum fracturing fluid in laboratory[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry,2018, 47(3):458-461.
[23] SAMUEL M, CARD R, NELSON E, et al. Ploymer-free fluid for hydraulic fracturing[C]//SPE38622, 1997.
[24] MATHEW S. Viscoelatic surfactant fracturing fluids;applications in low permeability reservoirs[C]//SPE60322, 2000
[25] WHALEN R T. Viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluids and a method for fracturing subterranean formation:US6035936[P]. 2000-03-14.
[26] BJ Services Company. AquaClear fracturing fluids product information[EB/OL].(2005-09-06)[2012-02-13]. http://www. bjservices. com/website/ps. nsf.
[27] MAXEY J, CREWS J, HUANG T. Nanoparticle associated surfactant micellar fluids[C]//ALBERT C. AIP Conference Proceedings.Monterey, California:AIP Publishing, 2008:857–859.
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