基于冲击启动过程的近场围岩冲击危险性电磁波CT评估方法
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摘要
近年来,随着开采深度和强度的逐渐增大,冲击地压灾害发生频率逐年升高,严重威胁矿井的安全生产。针对目前基于现场实测的冲击危险性评价方法仅从能量聚集角度进行危险性判别,导致评价结果不能反映现场全部冲击危险情况的问题,考虑了冲击启动过程经历的"能量释放→能量传递→冲击显现"3个阶段,分析了基于冲击启动过程的冲击危险性评估原理,通过理论研究,构建了包括能量集中指数、屈服接近指数、能量传递衰减指数和支护损伤指数等4个指标,设定了各指标的权重,包括根据各指标量值差异程度设定的属性权重,以及根据各指标危险等级设定的等级权重;由此,以电磁波CT探测系统为平台,建立了能够划分近场围岩冲击危险区域及危险等级的电磁波CT评估方法,并将该方法编程实现。应用此方法对亭南煤矿207工作面现场实测数据进行处理,发现区段煤柱内布置巷道大幅升高了相邻煤柱区的应力集中程度及支护损伤程度,进而增大了相邻煤柱区的冲击危险性。通过钻屑法验证了基于冲击启动过程的冲击危险性评估方法的有效性。该方法依据冲击启动过程将评估体系细化,能够有效提升对冲击危险区域及危险等级的辨识度,为巷道冲击地压治理提供了更为准确的依据,尤其能为煤柱区冲击地压防治提供借鉴。
In recent years,with the gradual increase of mining depth and intensity,the frequency of rock burst disaster increases year by year,which seriously threatens the safety of mine production.Currently,the risk assessment method is based on field measurement only accounting for energy accumulation,which leads to the failure of the evaluation results to reflect all rock burst hazards in the field.In this study,three stages of energy release,energy transfer and shock appearance were considered. On the basis of the electromagnetic wave CT detection platform,through theoretical research,a rock burst start-up probability of the four indexes was proposed,including the fusion energy concentration index,the support damage index,the yield close index and the energy transfer attenuation index,by combining the yield proximity and unloading coupling theory with the impact pressure theory. Also,the weight of each index was determined,including attribute weight set according to the difference degree of each index value,and grade weight set according to the risk level of each index.A multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model for rock burst hazard was established,and then a multi-factor evaluation method for near-field surrounding rock burst hazard was established,and the method was implemented by programming.In the 207 return airway of Tingnan Mine in China,it was found that the arrangement of roadway in the section of coal pillar greatly increased the stress concentration of the coal pillar area,which leads to the higher degree of support damage and the larger plastic zone,and has a higher impact risk.Using this method,the field measured data of 207 working face in Tingnan Coal Mine were processed,which was found that the distribution of roadway in the section of coal pillar increased the degree of stress concentration in the coal pillar area,and leaded to the higher degree of support damage.The larger plastic zone range,and the higher rock burst hazard.The drilling cuttings method was used to verify the effectiveness of the impact risk assessment method based on impact start-up process.Compared to the rock burst hazard assessment method of surrounding rock in the past,the rock burst startup probability evaluation method proposed comprehensively considered the influence of multiple factors,improved the identification degree of the rock burst hazard area,and provided a more accurate basis for the roadway rock burst control.Especially,for the coal pillar area,it is of significance in application.
In recent years,with the gradual increase of mining depth and intensity,the frequency of rock burst disaster increases year by year,which seriously threatens the safety of mine production.Currently,the risk assessment method is based on field measurement only accounting for energy accumulation,which leads to the failure of the evaluation results to reflect all rock burst hazards in the field.In this study,three stages of energy release,energy transfer and shock appearance were considered. On the basis of the electromagnetic wave CT detection platform,through theoretical research,a rock burst start-up probability of the four indexes was proposed,including the fusion energy concentration index,the support damage index,the yield close index and the energy transfer attenuation index,by combining the yield proximity and unloading coupling theory with the impact pressure theory. Also,the weight of each index was determined,including attribute weight set according to the difference degree of each index value,and grade weight set according to the risk level of each index.A multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model for rock burst hazard was established,and then a multi-factor evaluation method for near-field surrounding rock burst hazard was established,and the method was implemented by programming.In the 207 return airway of Tingnan Mine in China,it was found that the arrangement of roadway in the section of coal pillar greatly increased the stress concentration of the coal pillar area,which leads to the higher degree of support damage and the larger plastic zone,and has a higher impact risk.Using this method,the field measured data of 207 working face in Tingnan Coal Mine were processed,which was found that the distribution of roadway in the section of coal pillar increased the degree of stress concentration in the coal pillar area,and leaded to the higher degree of support damage.The larger plastic zone range,and the higher rock burst hazard.The drilling cuttings method was used to verify the effectiveness of the impact risk assessment method based on impact start-up process.Compared to the rock burst hazard assessment method of surrounding rock in the past,the rock burst startup probability evaluation method proposed comprehensively considered the influence of multiple factors,improved the identification degree of the rock burst hazard area,and provided a more accurate basis for the roadway rock burst control.Especially,for the coal pillar area,it is of significance in application.
引文
[1]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008.
[2]潘俊锋,宁宇,毛德兵,等.煤矿开采冲击地压启动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):586-596.PAN Junfeng,NING Yu,MAO Debing,et al. Theory of rock burst start-up during coal mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):586-596.
[3]姜福兴,王存文,叶根喜,等.采煤工作面冲击地压发生的可能性评价方法研究[A].2008全国冲击地压研讨会论文集[C].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:91-96.JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,YE Genxi,et al.Study on possibility evaluation method of coal outburst in longwall face[A].Proceedings of National Symposium of the 2008 Rock Burst Seminar[C].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2008:91-96.
[4]秦子晗,彭永伟.基于动态权重的区域冲击危险性评价方法研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(10):18-21.QIN Zihan,PENG Yongwei.Study on evaluation method of mine regional pressure bumping danger based on dynamic weight[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(10):18-21.
[5]姜福兴,冯宇,刘晔.采场回采前冲击危险性动态评估方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):2101-2106.JIANG Fuxing,FENG Yu,LIU Ye. Dynamic evaluation method for rockburst risk before stopping[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):2101-2106.
[6]窦林名,蔡武,巩思园,等.冲击危险性动态预测的震动波CT技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):238-244.DOU Linming,CAI Wu,GONG Siyuan,et al. Dynamic risk assessment of rock burst based on the technology of seismic; computed tomography detection[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):238-244.
[7]潘俊锋,秦子晗,王书文,等.冲击危险性分源权重综合评价方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2327-2335.PAN Junfeng,QIN Zihan,WANG Shuwen,et al.Preliminary study on early warning method based on weight comprehensive and differentload sources of coal bump[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2327-2335.
[8]夏永学,蓝航,魏向志.基于微震和地音监测的冲击危险性综合评价技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(S2):354-359.XIA Yongxue,LAN Hang,WEI Xiangzhi. Study of comprehensive evaluation technology for coal bump hazard based on microseismic and underground sound monitoring[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S2):354-359.
[9]王书文,毛德兵,杜涛涛,等.基于地震CT技术的冲击地压危险性评价模型[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S1):1-6.WANG Shuwen,MAO Debing,DU Taotao,et al.Ltockburst hazard evaluation model based on seismic CT technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(S1):1-6.
[10] PFEIFFER F,WEITKAMP T,BUNK O,et al.Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources[J].Nature Physics,2006,265:258-261.
[11] CAO G H,ZHANG J,ZHOU O,et al.Temporal multiplexing radiography for dynamic X-ray imaging[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2009,80(9):093902.
[12]黎华清,卢呈杰,甘伏平,等.喀斯特岩体结构损伤的CT识别及地面塌陷与隧道突水诊断预报预警———以京珠粤北高速公路洋碰隧道为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(4):763-771.LI Huaqing,LU Chengjie,GAN Fuping,et al. CT identification of karst rock structure damage and diagnosis,forecasting and early warning of ground collapse and water inrush in tunnel———a case study of yangpeng tunnel of beijing-zhuhai expressway in northern guangdong[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(4):763-771.
[13]李丹,韩德品,石亚丁,等.采煤工作面顺煤层透视的电法探测方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(8):1336-1340.LI Dan,HAN Depin,SHI Yading,et al. A DC electrical penetration method for prospecting the coalface alone the same coal layer[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(8):1336-1340.
[14]冯锐,林宣明,陶裕录,等.煤层开采覆岩破坏的层析成像研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(1):114-123.FENG Rui,LIN Xuanming,TAO Yulu,et al. Geotomographic research on cap rock destruction caused by mining coal seam[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1996,39(1):114-123.
[15] LAGER D L,LGTLE R J.Determining a subsurface electromagnetic profile from high-frequency measurements by applying reconstruction-technique algorithms[J]. Radio Science,1997,12(2):249-260.
[16]刘少虹,潘俊锋,秦子晗,等.基于电磁波CT探测的掘进工作面冲击危险性评价技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(S2):4093-4101.LIU Shaohong,PAN Junfeng,QIN Zihan,et al.Research on the risk assessment of rock burst of heading face based on electromagnetic wave CT detection[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(S2):4093-4101.
[17]康建宁.电磁波探测煤层突出危险性指标敏感性研究[D].重庆:煤炭科学研究总院重庆分院,2003.KANG Jianning.Study on the index’s sensitivity of radio wave Penetrating the outburst dangerous zone of the coal seam[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Branch of China Coal Research Institute,2003.
[18]窦林名,姜耀东,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载的“应力场-震动波场”监测预警技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):803-811.DOU Linming,JIANG Yaodong,CAO Anye,et al. Monitoring and pre-warning of rock burst hazard with technology of stress field and wave field in underground coalmines[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):803-811.
[19]窦林名,陆菜平,牟宗龙,等.冲击矿压的强度弱化减冲理论及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(6):1-6.DOU Linming,LU Caiping,MOU Zonglong,et al. Intensity weakening theory for rockburst and its application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(6):1-6.
[20]周辉,张传庆,冯夏庭,等.隧道及地下工程围岩的屈服接近度分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3083-3087.ZHOU Hui,ZHANG Chuanqing,FENG Xiating,et al. Analysis of rock mass stability in tunnel and underground engineering based on yield approach index[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3083-3087.
[21]窦林名,何学秋.煤矿冲击矿压的分级预测研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(6):717-722.DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu. Technique of classification forecasting rock burst in coal mines[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(6):717-722.
[22]陈国祥,窦林名,曹安业,等.电磁辐射法评定冲击矿压危险等级及应用[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):866-870.CHEN Guoxiang,DOU Linming,CAO Anye,et al. Assessment of rock burst danger and application on electromagnetic emission method[J].Journal of China coal society,2008,33(8):866-870.
[23]程启月.评测指标权重确定的结构熵权法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(7):1225-1230.CHENG Qiyue. Structure entropy weight method to confirm the weight of evaluating index[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice,2010,30(7):1225-1230.
[24]罗军刚,解建仓,阮本清.基于熵权的水资源短缺风险模糊综合评价模型及应用[J].水利学报,2008,39(9):1092-1098.LUO Jungang,XIE Jiancang,RUAN Benqing. Fuzzy comprehensive assessment model for water shortage risk based on entropy weight[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(9):1092-1098.
[25]丁香乾,石硕.层次分析法在项目风险管理中的应用[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,30(1):97-102.DING Xiangqian,SHI Shuo. Application of the analytic hierarchyprocess to project risk management[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2004,30(1):97-102.
[26]曹庆奎,杨艳丽,于瑞龙.基于未确知集的煤矿安全评价[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(2):181-185.CAO Qingkui,YANG Yanli,YU Ruilong.The coal mines safety appraisal based on unascertained set[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(2):181-185.
[2]潘俊锋,宁宇,毛德兵,等.煤矿开采冲击地压启动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):586-596.PAN Junfeng,NING Yu,MAO Debing,et al. Theory of rock burst start-up during coal mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):586-596.
[3]姜福兴,王存文,叶根喜,等.采煤工作面冲击地压发生的可能性评价方法研究[A].2008全国冲击地压研讨会论文集[C].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:91-96.JIANG Fuxing,WANG Cunwen,YE Genxi,et al.Study on possibility evaluation method of coal outburst in longwall face[A].Proceedings of National Symposium of the 2008 Rock Burst Seminar[C].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2008:91-96.
[4]秦子晗,彭永伟.基于动态权重的区域冲击危险性评价方法研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(10):18-21.QIN Zihan,PENG Yongwei.Study on evaluation method of mine regional pressure bumping danger based on dynamic weight[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(10):18-21.
[5]姜福兴,冯宇,刘晔.采场回采前冲击危险性动态评估方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):2101-2106.JIANG Fuxing,FENG Yu,LIU Ye. Dynamic evaluation method for rockburst risk before stopping[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):2101-2106.
[6]窦林名,蔡武,巩思园,等.冲击危险性动态预测的震动波CT技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):238-244.DOU Linming,CAI Wu,GONG Siyuan,et al. Dynamic risk assessment of rock burst based on the technology of seismic; computed tomography detection[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):238-244.
[7]潘俊锋,秦子晗,王书文,等.冲击危险性分源权重综合评价方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2327-2335.PAN Junfeng,QIN Zihan,WANG Shuwen,et al.Preliminary study on early warning method based on weight comprehensive and differentload sources of coal bump[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2327-2335.
[8]夏永学,蓝航,魏向志.基于微震和地音监测的冲击危险性综合评价技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(S2):354-359.XIA Yongxue,LAN Hang,WEI Xiangzhi. Study of comprehensive evaluation technology for coal bump hazard based on microseismic and underground sound monitoring[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S2):354-359.
[9]王书文,毛德兵,杜涛涛,等.基于地震CT技术的冲击地压危险性评价模型[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S1):1-6.WANG Shuwen,MAO Debing,DU Taotao,et al.Ltockburst hazard evaluation model based on seismic CT technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(S1):1-6.
[10] PFEIFFER F,WEITKAMP T,BUNK O,et al.Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources[J].Nature Physics,2006,265:258-261.
[11] CAO G H,ZHANG J,ZHOU O,et al.Temporal multiplexing radiography for dynamic X-ray imaging[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2009,80(9):093902.
[12]黎华清,卢呈杰,甘伏平,等.喀斯特岩体结构损伤的CT识别及地面塌陷与隧道突水诊断预报预警———以京珠粤北高速公路洋碰隧道为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(4):763-771.LI Huaqing,LU Chengjie,GAN Fuping,et al. CT identification of karst rock structure damage and diagnosis,forecasting and early warning of ground collapse and water inrush in tunnel———a case study of yangpeng tunnel of beijing-zhuhai expressway in northern guangdong[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(4):763-771.
[13]李丹,韩德品,石亚丁,等.采煤工作面顺煤层透视的电法探测方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(8):1336-1340.LI Dan,HAN Depin,SHI Yading,et al. A DC electrical penetration method for prospecting the coalface alone the same coal layer[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(8):1336-1340.
[14]冯锐,林宣明,陶裕录,等.煤层开采覆岩破坏的层析成像研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(1):114-123.FENG Rui,LIN Xuanming,TAO Yulu,et al. Geotomographic research on cap rock destruction caused by mining coal seam[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1996,39(1):114-123.
[15] LAGER D L,LGTLE R J.Determining a subsurface electromagnetic profile from high-frequency measurements by applying reconstruction-technique algorithms[J]. Radio Science,1997,12(2):249-260.
[16]刘少虹,潘俊锋,秦子晗,等.基于电磁波CT探测的掘进工作面冲击危险性评价技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(S2):4093-4101.LIU Shaohong,PAN Junfeng,QIN Zihan,et al.Research on the risk assessment of rock burst of heading face based on electromagnetic wave CT detection[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(S2):4093-4101.
[17]康建宁.电磁波探测煤层突出危险性指标敏感性研究[D].重庆:煤炭科学研究总院重庆分院,2003.KANG Jianning.Study on the index’s sensitivity of radio wave Penetrating the outburst dangerous zone of the coal seam[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Branch of China Coal Research Institute,2003.
[18]窦林名,姜耀东,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载的“应力场-震动波场”监测预警技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):803-811.DOU Linming,JIANG Yaodong,CAO Anye,et al. Monitoring and pre-warning of rock burst hazard with technology of stress field and wave field in underground coalmines[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):803-811.
[19]窦林名,陆菜平,牟宗龙,等.冲击矿压的强度弱化减冲理论及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(6):1-6.DOU Linming,LU Caiping,MOU Zonglong,et al. Intensity weakening theory for rockburst and its application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(6):1-6.
[20]周辉,张传庆,冯夏庭,等.隧道及地下工程围岩的屈服接近度分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3083-3087.ZHOU Hui,ZHANG Chuanqing,FENG Xiating,et al. Analysis of rock mass stability in tunnel and underground engineering based on yield approach index[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3083-3087.
[21]窦林名,何学秋.煤矿冲击矿压的分级预测研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(6):717-722.DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu. Technique of classification forecasting rock burst in coal mines[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(6):717-722.
[22]陈国祥,窦林名,曹安业,等.电磁辐射法评定冲击矿压危险等级及应用[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):866-870.CHEN Guoxiang,DOU Linming,CAO Anye,et al. Assessment of rock burst danger and application on electromagnetic emission method[J].Journal of China coal society,2008,33(8):866-870.
[23]程启月.评测指标权重确定的结构熵权法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(7):1225-1230.CHENG Qiyue. Structure entropy weight method to confirm the weight of evaluating index[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice,2010,30(7):1225-1230.
[24]罗军刚,解建仓,阮本清.基于熵权的水资源短缺风险模糊综合评价模型及应用[J].水利学报,2008,39(9):1092-1098.LUO Jungang,XIE Jiancang,RUAN Benqing. Fuzzy comprehensive assessment model for water shortage risk based on entropy weight[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(9):1092-1098.
[25]丁香乾,石硕.层次分析法在项目风险管理中的应用[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,30(1):97-102.DING Xiangqian,SHI Shuo. Application of the analytic hierarchyprocess to project risk management[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2004,30(1):97-102.
[26]曹庆奎,杨艳丽,于瑞龙.基于未确知集的煤矿安全评价[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(2):181-185.CAO Qingkui,YANG Yanli,YU Ruilong.The coal mines safety appraisal based on unascertained set[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(2):181-185.
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