表面张力对激光深熔焊熔池流动的影响
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摘要
为研究激光深熔焊中表面张力对熔池流动行为及熔池形貌的影响,获得活性剂对Q235低碳钢和304L不锈钢焊缝截面形貌的影响规律.基于有限元计算软件Fluent,计算分析了激光深熔焊时表面张力在改变熔池流动行为中的重要作用.结果表明,未添加活性剂焊接时,熔池液态金属的表面张力温度系数为负,熔池表面熔融金属以匙孔为中心由内向外流动,焊缝横截面形貌宽且浅.添加活性剂焊接后,表面张力温度系数为正值,在熔池表面形成了由外向内的反向流动,形成了窄且深的焊缝形貌.随表面张力温度系数绝对值的增大,表面张力变大,流体流动速度增大.
In order to study the effect of surface tension on the flow behavior of molten pool and the morphology of molten pool, the active agent test was designed,and based on the finite element calculation software Fluent, the effect of surface tension on the flow behavior of molten pool was analyzed. The results show that when the active agent is not added, the surface tension temperature coefficient is negative, the molten metal on the surface flows from the near keyhole to the edge of the molten pool, welds are wide and shallow. After adding the active agent, temperature coefficient of surface tension is positive, so that the vortex reverse,forming a narrow and deep weld. With the increase of the absolute value of the surface tension temperature coefficient,the surface tension becomes larger and the fluid velocity increases.
In order to study the effect of surface tension on the flow behavior of molten pool and the morphology of molten pool, the active agent test was designed,and based on the finite element calculation software Fluent, the effect of surface tension on the flow behavior of molten pool was analyzed. The results show that when the active agent is not added, the surface tension temperature coefficient is negative, the molten metal on the surface flows from the near keyhole to the edge of the molten pool, welds are wide and shallow. After adding the active agent, temperature coefficient of surface tension is positive, so that the vortex reverse,forming a narrow and deep weld. With the increase of the absolute value of the surface tension temperature coefficient,the surface tension becomes larger and the fluid velocity increases.
引文
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[2]石玗,郭朝博,许乐生,等.基于Fluent熔池内部受力的数值分析[J].电焊机,2011,41(9):21-24.Shi Yu,Guo Chaobo,Xu Lesheng,et al.Numerical simulation of the force in TIG welding pool based on Fluent[J].Electric Welding Machine,2011,41(9):21-24.
[3]Geiger M,Leitz K H,Koch H,et al.A 3D transient model of keyhole and melt pool dynamics in laser beam welding applied to the joining of zinc coated sheets[J].Production Engineering,2009,3(2):127-136.
[4]Tan W,Shin Y C.Analysis of multi-phase interaction and its effects on keyhole dynamics with a multi-physics numerical model[J].Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,2014,47(47):345501.
[5]Kou S.Fluid flow and solidification in welding:three decades of fundamental research at the University of Wisconsin[J].Welding Journal,2012,91(11):287-202.
[6]陈磊.大功率激光焊接熔池特性数值模拟[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2008.
[7]Sahoo P,Debroy T,Mcnallan M J.Surface tension of binary metal-surface active solute systems under conditions relevant to welding metallurgy[J].Metallurgical Transactions B,1988,19(3):483-491.
[8]Mcnallan M J,Debroy T.Effect of temperature and composition on surface tension in Fe-Ni-Cr alloys containing sulfur[J].Metallurgical Transactions B,1991,22(4):557-560.
[9]樊丁,郝珍妮,黄勇,等.氧含量对TIG焊瞬态熔池行为影响的数值分析[J].兰州理工大学学报,2013,39(3):18-21.Fan Ding,Hao Zhenni,Huang Yong,et al.Numerical analysis of effect of oxygen content on transient welding pool behavior on TIG welding[J].Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology,2013,39(3):18-21.
[10]董文超,陆善平,李殿中,等.微量活性组元氧对焊接熔池Marangoni对流和熔池形貌影响的数值模拟[J].金属学报,2008,44(2):49-256.Dong Wenchao,Lu Shanping,Li Dianzhong,et al.Numericalsimulation of effects of the minor active-element oxygen on the Marangoni convection and the weld shape[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2008,44(2):49-256.
[11]Limmaneevichitr C.Flow visualization of Marangoni convection in simulated weld pools[J].Welding Journal,2000,79(11):324-s.
[12]陈根余,廖生慧,周聪,等.高功率激光焊接SUS304不锈钢数值模拟与试验研究[J].热加工工艺,2014(23):166-170.Chen Genyu,Liao Shenghui,Zhou Cong,et al.Numerical simulation and experiment of SUS304 stainless steel during high power laser welding[J].Hot Working Technology,2014(23):166-170.
[13]杨强,周进,吴海燕,等.界面捕捉中耦合Level-set与VOF算法[J].航空计算技术,2012,42(4):14-19.Yang Qiang,Zhou Jin,Wu Haiyan,et al.An investigation on coupled level-set and VOF algorithm in interface capturing[J].Aeronautical Computer Technique,2012,42(4):14-19.
[14]李勇,刘志友,安亦然.介绍计算流体力学通用软件--Fluent[J].水动力学研究与进展,2001,16(2):254-258.Li Yong,Liu Zhiyou,An Yiran.A brief introduction to Fluent-a general purpose CFD code[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2001,16(2):254-258.
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