新乡冬季PM_(2.5)中金属元素与水溶性离子年际变化及其来源解析
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摘要
为了探究新乡地区年际间冬季PM_(2.5)组分的变化特征和污染来源,于2015年冬季和2016年冬季分别在新乡市区进行连续1个月的膜采样,测定PM_(2.5)质量浓度、金属元素含量及其水溶性离子成分含量,并结合气象因素进行分析.结果表明,新乡地区2015年和2016年冬季采样期间PM_(2.5)的质量浓度日均值分别为226μg·m~(-3)和224μg·m~(-3),污染水平较高.观测期间,新乡冬季PM_(2.5)中Cd和Pb金属元素富集明显,富集因子超过1000.且与2015年相比,2016年金属元素(除Ag和Ni)浓度下降约7. 83%～73. 33%,富集程度均趋于降低.水溶性离子以SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和NH_4~+这3种为主,2016年在PM_(2.5)中占比上升25. 1%.综合两种成分分析,新乡地区的PM_(2.5)污染呈现出金属污染向二次水溶性离子污染转移的趋势.综合PCA和PMF源解析结果显示,新乡市冬季有4种主要排放源,即尘土、二次源、工业源和化石燃料燃烧源,2015年冬季主要来源是土壤和建筑扬尘混合源,贡献率37. 46%,2016年主要来源是交通及工业生产中的二次气溶胶污染源,贡献率为34. 94%.
To study the interannual variations of chemical composition and source apportionment,a field campaign was carried out to collect the PM_(2.5) temperance sample during the winter of 2015 and the winter of 2016 in Xinxiang urban areas. PM_(2.5) mass concentration,metal elements,and the water-soluble ions were determined and meteorological factors were recorded simultaneously.The results showed that the daily mean concentrations of PM_(2.5) indicated serious pollution with values of 226 μg·m~(-3) and 224 μg·m~(-3) in 2015 and 2016,respectively. The Cd and Pb elements in PM_(2.5) were significantly enriched,with EF more than 1000. However,compared with 2015,the enrichment effect of most metal elements showed a trend of decrease in 2016. The water-soluble ions were mainly composed of SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,and NH_4~+. The results showed a trade-off effect between metal elements and water-soluble ions in the two study periods. The results of PCA and PMF analyses show that there were four main emission sources in Xinxiang city in winter,namely dust,secondary source,industrial source,and fossil fuel combustion source. Moreover,the main sources of PM_(2.5) was the mixed source of soil and building dust and secondary aerosol pollution,with contributions of 37. 46% and 34. 94% in the winters of2015 and 2016,respectively.
To study the interannual variations of chemical composition and source apportionment,a field campaign was carried out to collect the PM_(2.5) temperance sample during the winter of 2015 and the winter of 2016 in Xinxiang urban areas. PM_(2.5) mass concentration,metal elements,and the water-soluble ions were determined and meteorological factors were recorded simultaneously.The results showed that the daily mean concentrations of PM_(2.5) indicated serious pollution with values of 226 μg·m~(-3) and 224 μg·m~(-3) in 2015 and 2016,respectively. The Cd and Pb elements in PM_(2.5) were significantly enriched,with EF more than 1000. However,compared with 2015,the enrichment effect of most metal elements showed a trend of decrease in 2016. The water-soluble ions were mainly composed of SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,and NH_4~+. The results showed a trade-off effect between metal elements and water-soluble ions in the two study periods. The results of PCA and PMF analyses show that there were four main emission sources in Xinxiang city in winter,namely dust,secondary source,industrial source,and fossil fuel combustion source. Moreover,the main sources of PM_(2.5) was the mixed source of soil and building dust and secondary aerosol pollution,with contributions of 37. 46% and 34. 94% in the winters of2015 and 2016,respectively.
引文
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