农村生活垃圾全自动全组分分类处理技术与应用
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摘要
为解决农村生活垃圾的处理难题,研究了一种生活垃圾末端全自动全组分分类处置技术,通过生物酶液化方法能将生活垃圾中的有机成分首先分解、分离,再通过湿式自动分选系统,将混合生活垃圾中的金属、塑料、废纸、竹木、纺织物等全部有效分离,经清洗后可直接循环再利用,实现资源化率90%以上。应用该技术实际建成运营一年的垃圾处理厂的数据显示,处理1 t垃圾平均可得到有机肥65 kg、纸浆105 kg、塑料124 kg、垃圾衍生燃料133 kg、砂石135 kg、沼气55kg和金属11kg;需要成本约180元,产值约325元,投资成本较焚烧节约近40%,污水经处理后各项污染因子去除率平均达到88.76%,供系统循环使用。证明该技术能提高垃圾处置效率,经济效益可观,环境友好,有较高推广价值。
In order to solve the rural living garbage processing problems, we independently developed a unique technology of clean and comprehensive utilization of rural garbage resources, referred to as PGAS technology. Based on modern biodegradation and automatic sorting, we built a complete industrial chain with mixed domestic waste as mineral raw material. The garbage trucks transport rural garbage and directly discharged into the hopper. Quickly biofilm is sprayed to deodorize garbage, then the garbage bags are teared at the same time of feeding. At the transportation, we utilize magnetic and eddy current sorting to get metal products and residues, while the residue will be transferred into the tearing machine and the biological treatment silo, where the raw garbage is mixed by composite bacteria liquid and enzyme liquid. The organic pus would be pumped to anaerobic fermentation system, while the residue would be alternatively tearing through broken drum to main sorting system. By our innovated equipment, we obtain inorganic material as sand and glass, pulp and sundries like bamboo textiles, and pure plastic at last. The products would be further processing to industrial materials as required of market. The sand and gravel glass and other inorganic materials can produce hollow blocks, paving brick and sponge brick. The pulp would change to the pulp products which can be directly used for producing cardboard and corrugated paper. The plastic can be packaged directly to sale, or be used in oil refining, even can be further sorted to monomer plastic, such as PE, and to produce particles. The slurry is pumped into the biogas tank for producing the methane gas through anaerobic fermentation system, which can be reused as energy. And the slurry after anaerobic fermentation, through evaporation, can be sprayed into powder or granular fertilizer. This technology subverted the traditional mode of rural waste disposal, which is the only comprehensive utilization of rural garbage with all components. The whole processing line is close with no smelly gas. There is no sewer in the whole plant with no waste water emissions, the water is in circulation. There is no operator in the whole plant, the sorting is automatic. Take the PGAS demonstration project in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province as an example. The project was completed in 2017 and has been put into operation for 1 year with a processing capacity of 100 t/d. The radiation area includes 2 towns and 3 townships with about 100 000 people. According to this waste plant's operation data, treating 1 ton waste by PGAS, we can obtain the average amount of 65 kg organic fertilizer, 105 kg pulp, 124 kg plastic, 133 kg waste derived fuel, 135 kg sand, 55 kg methane and 11 kg metal. The cost is about 180 yuan, and the output value is about 325 yuan. The investment cost is nearly 40% less than that of incineration. After the sewage treatment, the removal rate of various pollution factors reaches 88.76% on average, which is used for recycling. It is proved that this technology can improve the efficiency of waste disposal. This technology has considerable economic benefits, is environmentally friendly, and has high promotion value.
In order to solve the rural living garbage processing problems, we independently developed a unique technology of clean and comprehensive utilization of rural garbage resources, referred to as PGAS technology. Based on modern biodegradation and automatic sorting, we built a complete industrial chain with mixed domestic waste as mineral raw material. The garbage trucks transport rural garbage and directly discharged into the hopper. Quickly biofilm is sprayed to deodorize garbage, then the garbage bags are teared at the same time of feeding. At the transportation, we utilize magnetic and eddy current sorting to get metal products and residues, while the residue will be transferred into the tearing machine and the biological treatment silo, where the raw garbage is mixed by composite bacteria liquid and enzyme liquid. The organic pus would be pumped to anaerobic fermentation system, while the residue would be alternatively tearing through broken drum to main sorting system. By our innovated equipment, we obtain inorganic material as sand and glass, pulp and sundries like bamboo textiles, and pure plastic at last. The products would be further processing to industrial materials as required of market. The sand and gravel glass and other inorganic materials can produce hollow blocks, paving brick and sponge brick. The pulp would change to the pulp products which can be directly used for producing cardboard and corrugated paper. The plastic can be packaged directly to sale, or be used in oil refining, even can be further sorted to monomer plastic, such as PE, and to produce particles. The slurry is pumped into the biogas tank for producing the methane gas through anaerobic fermentation system, which can be reused as energy. And the slurry after anaerobic fermentation, through evaporation, can be sprayed into powder or granular fertilizer. This technology subverted the traditional mode of rural waste disposal, which is the only comprehensive utilization of rural garbage with all components. The whole processing line is close with no smelly gas. There is no sewer in the whole plant with no waste water emissions, the water is in circulation. There is no operator in the whole plant, the sorting is automatic. Take the PGAS demonstration project in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province as an example. The project was completed in 2017 and has been put into operation for 1 year with a processing capacity of 100 t/d. The radiation area includes 2 towns and 3 townships with about 100 000 people. According to this waste plant's operation data, treating 1 ton waste by PGAS, we can obtain the average amount of 65 kg organic fertilizer, 105 kg pulp, 124 kg plastic, 133 kg waste derived fuel, 135 kg sand, 55 kg methane and 11 kg metal. The cost is about 180 yuan, and the output value is about 325 yuan. The investment cost is nearly 40% less than that of incineration. After the sewage treatment, the removal rate of various pollution factors reaches 88.76% on average, which is used for recycling. It is proved that this technology can improve the efficiency of waste disposal. This technology has considerable economic benefits, is environmentally friendly, and has high promotion value.
引文
[1]住房和城乡建设部.2016年城乡建设统计公报[EB/OL].[2017-08-22].http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/tjx xtjgb/201708/t20170818_232983.html.
[2]靳琪,岳波,王琪,等.我国不同区域农村生活垃圾的产生、管理现状:基于抽样的村镇调查研究[J].环境工程,2018,36(10):97-101,107.
[3]唐丽霞,左停.中国农村污染状况调查与分析:来自全国141个村的数据[J].中国农村观察,2008(1):31-38.
[4]中国环境保护产业协会城市生活垃圾处理专业委员会.城市生活垃圾处理行业2017年发展综述[J].中国环保产业,2017(4):9-15.
[5]Han Z Y,Liu D,Lei Y H,et al.Characteristics and management of domestic waste in the rural area of Southwest China[J].Waste Management&Research,2015,33(1):39-47.
[6]Miranda P A,Blazquez C A,Vergara R,et al.A novel methodology for designing a household waste collection system for insular zones[J].Transportation Research Part E2015,77:227-247.
[7]Padma Lal,Margaret Tabunakawai,Sandeep K S.Economics of rural waste management in the Rewa Province and development of a rural solid waste management policy for Fiji[R].Samoa:Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat,Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme and Government of Fiji,2007.
[8]文国来,王德汉,李俊飞,等.处理农村生活垃圾装置的研制及工艺[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):283-287.Wen Guolai,Wang Dehan,Li Junfei,et al.Composting equipment design and technology for rural refuse disposal[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(6):283-287.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]邱才娣,何若,陈松妹,等.一种新型的农村生活垃圾资源化工艺技术研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(3):930-936.Qiu Caidi,He Ruo,Chen Songmei,et al.Novel resources utilization technique for rural domestic refuse[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(3):930-936.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]EdrisMadadian,Leila Amiri,M Ali Abdoli,et al.Energyproduction from solid waste in rural areas of tehran provinceby anaerobic digestion[C]//Proceedings of the6thInternationalConference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Research Publishing,2012.
[11]张明玉.苕溪流域农村生活垃圾产源特征及堆肥化研究[D].郑州:河南工业大学,2010.Zhang Mingyu.Research on the Characteristics and Composting of Rural Refuse in Tiaoxi River Basin[D].Zhengzhou:Henan University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]刘永德,何品晶,邵立明,等.太湖地区农村生活垃圾管理模式与处理技术方式探讨[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(6):1221-1225.Liu Yongde,He Pinjing,Sao Liming,et al.Management and treatment of rural refuse in Tailake region[J].Journal of Agro-environmental Science,2005,24(6):1221-1225.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]管蓓,刘继明,陈森.农村生活垃圾产生特征及分类收集模式[J].环境监测管理与技术,2013,25(3):26-29.Guan Bei,Liu Jiming,Chen Sen.Production and classified collection pattern of rural solid waste[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2013,25(3):26-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]王爽,曹忠君.乡镇生活垃圾综合利用处理[J].新农业,2013(6):55.Wang Shuang,Cao Zhongjun.Comprehensive utilization of rural domestic refuse[J].New Agriculture,2013(6):55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]陈杉.农村有机垃圾微生物处理技术在天津市的应用[J].天津农林科技,2012(3):28-29.Chen Shan.Application of microbial treatment of organic waste in Tianjin[J].Science and Technology of Tianjin Agriculture and Forestry,2012(3):28-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]何品晶,张春燕,杨娜,等.我国村镇生活垃圾处理现状与技术路线探讨[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(11):2049-2054.He Pinjing,Zhang Chunyan,Yang Na,et al.Present situation and technical treatment route of rural domestic waste treatment in China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(11):2049-2054.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]蔡传钰.农村生活垃圾分类与资源化处理技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.Cai Chuanyu.Study on Applicable Technology for Rural Solid Waste Classification and Recycling[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]陈恺立.农村生活垃圾管理初探:青树坪镇垃圾污染现状调查分析报告[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2011,21(3):35-37,42.Chen Kaili.Exploration on rural living garbage management:Analysis report of investigation on garbage pollution status in Qingshuping Town[J].Journal of Environmental Management College of China,2011,21(3):35-37,42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]高意,马俊杰.黄土高原地区村镇生活垃圾处理研究:以陕西省隆坊镇为例[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(28):17389-17391.Gao Yi,Ma Junjie.Study on rural domestic waste treatment in Loess plateau region[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(28):17389-17391.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]卢翠英,林在生,詹小海,等.福建省农村居民生活垃圾处置方式相关因素调查[J].预防医学论坛,2014,20(11):825-827,832.Lu Cuiying,Lin Zaisheng,Zhan Xiaohai,et al.Survey on related factors of daily garbage disposal among rural residents,Fujian Province[J].Preventive Medicine Tribune,2014,20(11):825-827,832.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]岳波,张志彬,孙英杰,等.我国农村生活垃圾的产生特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(6):129-134.Yue Bo,Zhang Zhibin,Sun Yingjie,et al.Characteristics of rural household solid wastes in China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(6):129-134.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Zeng C,Niu D J,Zhao Y C.A comprehensive overview of rural solid waste management in China[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,2015,9(6):949-961.
[23]单华伦,朱伟,张春雷,等.发达农村生活垃圾特性调查及治理技术探讨[J].江苏环境科技,2006,19(6):3-5.Shan Hualun,Zu Wei,Zhang Chunlei,et al.The investigation of developed rural refuse characteristic and discussion of treatment[J].Jiangsu Environmental Science and Technology,2006,19(6):3-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]赵晶薇,赵蕊,何艳芬,等.基于“3R”原则的农村生活垃圾处理模式探讨[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):263-266.Zhao Jingwei,Zhao Rui,He Yanfen,et al.Rural domestic garbage processing pattern based on the principle of 3R[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(5):263-266.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]靳琪,岳波,王琪,等.我国不同区域农村生活垃圾的产生、管理现状:基于抽样的村镇调查研究[J].环境工程,2018,36(10):97-101,107.
[3]唐丽霞,左停.中国农村污染状况调查与分析:来自全国141个村的数据[J].中国农村观察,2008(1):31-38.
[4]中国环境保护产业协会城市生活垃圾处理专业委员会.城市生活垃圾处理行业2017年发展综述[J].中国环保产业,2017(4):9-15.
[5]Han Z Y,Liu D,Lei Y H,et al.Characteristics and management of domestic waste in the rural area of Southwest China[J].Waste Management&Research,2015,33(1):39-47.
[6]Miranda P A,Blazquez C A,Vergara R,et al.A novel methodology for designing a household waste collection system for insular zones[J].Transportation Research Part E2015,77:227-247.
[7]Padma Lal,Margaret Tabunakawai,Sandeep K S.Economics of rural waste management in the Rewa Province and development of a rural solid waste management policy for Fiji[R].Samoa:Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat,Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme and Government of Fiji,2007.
[8]文国来,王德汉,李俊飞,等.处理农村生活垃圾装置的研制及工艺[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):283-287.Wen Guolai,Wang Dehan,Li Junfei,et al.Composting equipment design and technology for rural refuse disposal[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(6):283-287.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]邱才娣,何若,陈松妹,等.一种新型的农村生活垃圾资源化工艺技术研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(3):930-936.Qiu Caidi,He Ruo,Chen Songmei,et al.Novel resources utilization technique for rural domestic refuse[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(3):930-936.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]EdrisMadadian,Leila Amiri,M Ali Abdoli,et al.Energyproduction from solid waste in rural areas of tehran provinceby anaerobic digestion[C]//Proceedings of the6thInternationalConference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Research Publishing,2012.
[11]张明玉.苕溪流域农村生活垃圾产源特征及堆肥化研究[D].郑州:河南工业大学,2010.Zhang Mingyu.Research on the Characteristics and Composting of Rural Refuse in Tiaoxi River Basin[D].Zhengzhou:Henan University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]刘永德,何品晶,邵立明,等.太湖地区农村生活垃圾管理模式与处理技术方式探讨[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(6):1221-1225.Liu Yongde,He Pinjing,Sao Liming,et al.Management and treatment of rural refuse in Tailake region[J].Journal of Agro-environmental Science,2005,24(6):1221-1225.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]管蓓,刘继明,陈森.农村生活垃圾产生特征及分类收集模式[J].环境监测管理与技术,2013,25(3):26-29.Guan Bei,Liu Jiming,Chen Sen.Production and classified collection pattern of rural solid waste[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2013,25(3):26-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]王爽,曹忠君.乡镇生活垃圾综合利用处理[J].新农业,2013(6):55.Wang Shuang,Cao Zhongjun.Comprehensive utilization of rural domestic refuse[J].New Agriculture,2013(6):55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]陈杉.农村有机垃圾微生物处理技术在天津市的应用[J].天津农林科技,2012(3):28-29.Chen Shan.Application of microbial treatment of organic waste in Tianjin[J].Science and Technology of Tianjin Agriculture and Forestry,2012(3):28-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]何品晶,张春燕,杨娜,等.我国村镇生活垃圾处理现状与技术路线探讨[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(11):2049-2054.He Pinjing,Zhang Chunyan,Yang Na,et al.Present situation and technical treatment route of rural domestic waste treatment in China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(11):2049-2054.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]蔡传钰.农村生活垃圾分类与资源化处理技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.Cai Chuanyu.Study on Applicable Technology for Rural Solid Waste Classification and Recycling[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]陈恺立.农村生活垃圾管理初探:青树坪镇垃圾污染现状调查分析报告[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2011,21(3):35-37,42.Chen Kaili.Exploration on rural living garbage management:Analysis report of investigation on garbage pollution status in Qingshuping Town[J].Journal of Environmental Management College of China,2011,21(3):35-37,42.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]高意,马俊杰.黄土高原地区村镇生活垃圾处理研究:以陕西省隆坊镇为例[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(28):17389-17391.Gao Yi,Ma Junjie.Study on rural domestic waste treatment in Loess plateau region[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(28):17389-17391.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]卢翠英,林在生,詹小海,等.福建省农村居民生活垃圾处置方式相关因素调查[J].预防医学论坛,2014,20(11):825-827,832.Lu Cuiying,Lin Zaisheng,Zhan Xiaohai,et al.Survey on related factors of daily garbage disposal among rural residents,Fujian Province[J].Preventive Medicine Tribune,2014,20(11):825-827,832.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]岳波,张志彬,孙英杰,等.我国农村生活垃圾的产生特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(6):129-134.Yue Bo,Zhang Zhibin,Sun Yingjie,et al.Characteristics of rural household solid wastes in China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(6):129-134.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Zeng C,Niu D J,Zhao Y C.A comprehensive overview of rural solid waste management in China[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,2015,9(6):949-961.
[23]单华伦,朱伟,张春雷,等.发达农村生活垃圾特性调查及治理技术探讨[J].江苏环境科技,2006,19(6):3-5.Shan Hualun,Zu Wei,Zhang Chunlei,et al.The investigation of developed rural refuse characteristic and discussion of treatment[J].Jiangsu Environmental Science and Technology,2006,19(6):3-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]赵晶薇,赵蕊,何艳芬,等.基于“3R”原则的农村生活垃圾处理模式探讨[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):263-266.Zhao Jingwei,Zhao Rui,He Yanfen,et al.Rural domestic garbage processing pattern based on the principle of 3R[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2014,24(5):263-266.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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