轨道误差对空间站高精度时间比对的影响分析及修正方法
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摘要
针对空间站飞行轨道的特点,从理论上分析了空间站轨道误差对单向和共视时间比对的影响,并通过仿真试验对理论分析结果进行校验,研究结果表明轨道误差对空间站时间比对的影响在几百皮秒量级,是影响空间站时间比对精度的主要误差源。提出一种适用于两个地面站间进行高精度时间比对的空间站轨道误差修正方法,通过仿真试验校验了该方法的有效性。试验结果表明,该方法能有效修正空间站轨道误差,实现精度在几十皮秒量级的两地面站间的超高精度时间比对,比对基线可达上千千米。
According to the characteristics of the space station orbit, the effect of space station orbit error on the one way and common-view time comparison is analyzed both in theory and simulation firstly. The research result shows that the effect of orbit error on time comparison is about several hundred picoseconds, and it is the main error source that restricts the time comparison accuracy to be improved. Then, an appropriate orbit error calibrating method that is based on the position relationship between the space station and two ground stations is introduced. Additionally, the high stability of the space and ground atomic clocks is advantaged to model and extrapolate the space-ground clock bias. The geometric position relationship and the modeling and extrapolating of the space-ground clock bias are combined together to solve the problem of orbit error. Finally, some simulation experiments are done to validate the proposed method. The experiment results show that the method is effective and the time comparison accuracy is great improved to be several ten picoseconds, the baseline is up to the magnitude of thousand kilometers.
According to the characteristics of the space station orbit, the effect of space station orbit error on the one way and common-view time comparison is analyzed both in theory and simulation firstly. The research result shows that the effect of orbit error on time comparison is about several hundred picoseconds, and it is the main error source that restricts the time comparison accuracy to be improved. Then, an appropriate orbit error calibrating method that is based on the position relationship between the space station and two ground stations is introduced. Additionally, the high stability of the space and ground atomic clocks is advantaged to model and extrapolate the space-ground clock bias. The geometric position relationship and the modeling and extrapolating of the space-ground clock bias are combined together to solve the problem of orbit error. Finally, some simulation experiments are done to validate the proposed method. The experiment results show that the method is effective and the time comparison accuracy is great improved to be several ten picoseconds, the baseline is up to the magnitude of thousand kilometers.
引文
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[16] Lemoine F G, Zelensky N P, Chinn D, et. al. Towards development of a consistent orbit determination, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2[J]. Adv. Space Res., 2010, 46(12): 1513-1540.
[17] 赵春梅,唐新明. 基于星载GPS 的资源三号卫星精密定轨[J]. 宇航学报,2013,34(9):1202-1206. [Zhao Chun-mei, Tang Xin-min. Precise orbit determination for the ZY-3 satellite mission using GPS receiver[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2013,34(9): 1202-1206.]
[18] 杨龙, 董绪荣. 利用GPS非差观测值的GRACE卫星精密定轨[J]. 宇航学报,2006,27(3):373-378. [Yang Long, Dong Xu-rong. Precise orbit determination of GRACE satellite with un-differential GPS measurements[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2006,27(3): 373-378.]
[2] 白钰. 光纤时频网络化精密同步及航天测量应用[D].北京:清华大学,2015. [Bai Yu. Fiber-based time and frequency synchronizaiton network and aerospace measurement application[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2015.]
[3] Hou X B. The error analysis of shipboard two-way microwave time transfer[C]. 2015 National Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science (CITCS 2015), Shanghai, China, March 21, 2015.
[4] Meynadier F, Delva P, Poncin-Latte C, et al. Atomic clock ensemble in space (ACES) data analysis[EB/OL].2017[2018].https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.06491.pdf.
[5] 杨文可,孟文东,韩文标,等. 欧洲空间原子钟组ACES与超高精度时频传递技术新进展[J]. 天文学进展,2016,34(2):221-237. [Yang Wen-ke, Meng Wen-dong, Han Wen-biao, et al. Advances in atomic clock ensemble in space of europe and ultra precise time and frequency transfer[J]. Progress in Astronomy, 2016,34(2):221-237.]
[6] 周建平. 我国空间站工程总体构想[J]. 载人航天,2013,19(2):1-10. [Zhou Jian-ping. Chinese space station project overall vision[J]. Manned Spaceflight, 2013,19(2):1-10.]
[7] Hobiger T, Piester D, Baron P. A correction model of dispersive troposphere delays for the ACES microwave link[J]. Radio Science, 2013, 48(2): 131-142.
[8] 苏怀朋,赵振昊,孙永进,等. 载人空间站空间科学应用研究[J]. 宇航学报,2014,35(9):985-991. [Su Huai-peng, Zhao Zhen-hao, Sun Yong-jin, et al. Study on space science and technology of manned space station[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2014,35(9):985-991.]
[9] Duchayne L, Wolf P, Luigi C, et al. Data analysis and phase ambiguity removal in the ACES microwave link[EB/OL].2008[2018].https://arxiv.org/pdf/0901.2403v1.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/0901.2403v1.pdf.
[10] F?ckersperger L, Bedrich S, Sch?fer W. Design status of the ACES microwave link [C]. Frequency & Time Forum, Eftf European, Guildford, UK, April 5-7, 2004.
[11] Much R, Daganzo E, Feltham S,et al. Status of the ACESmission [C]. IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, Besancon, France, April 20-24, 2009.
[12] Daganzo E, Feltham S, Much R, et al. ACESground segment functionality and preliminary operational concept [C]. IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, Besancon, France, April 20-24, 2009.
[13] Delva P, Meynadier F, Poncin-Lafitte C, et. al. Time and frequency transfer with a micro wave link in the ACES/PHARAO mission [C]. European Frequency & Time Forum, Prague, Czech Republic, July 21-25, 2013.
[14] Martin W, Olive M, Achin H, et. al. Precise orbit determination and prediction of the ISS in the frame of the ACES mission [C]. The 6th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technologies: Multi-GNSS Navigation Technologies Galileo’s Here, NAVITEC 2012 and European Workshop on GNSS Signal and Signal Processing, Noordwijk, Netherlands,December 5-7, 2012.
[15] Cerri L, Berthias J P, Bertiger W I, et. al. Precision orbit determination standards for the Jason series of altimeter missions[J]. Marine Geod., 2010, 33(S1): 379-418.
[16] Lemoine F G, Zelensky N P, Chinn D, et. al. Towards development of a consistent orbit determination, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2[J]. Adv. Space Res., 2010, 46(12): 1513-1540.
[17] 赵春梅,唐新明. 基于星载GPS 的资源三号卫星精密定轨[J]. 宇航学报,2013,34(9):1202-1206. [Zhao Chun-mei, Tang Xin-min. Precise orbit determination for the ZY-3 satellite mission using GPS receiver[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2013,34(9): 1202-1206.]
[18] 杨龙, 董绪荣. 利用GPS非差观测值的GRACE卫星精密定轨[J]. 宇航学报,2006,27(3):373-378. [Yang Long, Dong Xu-rong. Precise orbit determination of GRACE satellite with un-differential GPS measurements[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2006,27(3): 373-378.]