基于天线收发距的盾构壁后注浆雷达探测试验研究
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摘要
为提高地质雷达在盾构管片壁后注浆探测的准确性,建立全尺寸盾构管片环试验平台,采用聚氯乙烯管模拟盾构管片壁后注浆空洞缺陷;通过电磁波理论分析计算和试验平台雷达探测效果验证,在选择合适的中心频率天线的基础上,采用一种简易可行的增设天线垫块方式优化天线收发距。研究结果表明:不同含钢量管片的电性参数差异不大,但不同凝结时间的注浆层浆液与管片、围岩的电性参数(相对介电常数、电磁波波速等)存在一定的差异;管片钢筋网多次反射信号与注浆层反射信号重叠是造成地质雷达信号难以判译的主要原因;天线收发距参数优化方法能有效提高电磁波的一次辐射场强而压制多次反射场强,从而提高注浆层反射波信号分辨率。
To improve accuracy of GPR(ground penetrating radar) detection for grouting material behind shield segment,the full-sized test platform of shield segment ring for GPR detection was established, and polyvinyl chloride(PVC) pipes were used to simulate the void defects after grouting. Through large amount of analysis and calculation about electromagnetic wave theory and verification of GPR in test platform, a simple and feasible method of installing a antenna cushion was used to optimize antenna spacing on the basis of choosing a proper center frequency antenna. The results show that for segment with different steel contents, the difference in electrical parameters is not obvious, but there exist differences in electrical parameters(relative permittivity, electromagnetic wave velocity etc) between grouting slurry with different setting time, segments and surrounding rocks. Difficulty in the analysis of GPR detection can be caused by overlapping between the multiple reflection signal of shield segment steel and the reflection signal of grouting layer.Parameter optimization of antenna spacing enhances the strength of the first-time reflection signal and suppress the strength of the second-time reflection signal. Thus, resolution of the reflection signal of grouting layer is improved.
To improve accuracy of GPR(ground penetrating radar) detection for grouting material behind shield segment,the full-sized test platform of shield segment ring for GPR detection was established, and polyvinyl chloride(PVC) pipes were used to simulate the void defects after grouting. Through large amount of analysis and calculation about electromagnetic wave theory and verification of GPR in test platform, a simple and feasible method of installing a antenna cushion was used to optimize antenna spacing on the basis of choosing a proper center frequency antenna. The results show that for segment with different steel contents, the difference in electrical parameters is not obvious, but there exist differences in electrical parameters(relative permittivity, electromagnetic wave velocity etc) between grouting slurry with different setting time, segments and surrounding rocks. Difficulty in the analysis of GPR detection can be caused by overlapping between the multiple reflection signal of shield segment steel and the reflection signal of grouting layer.Parameter optimization of antenna spacing enhances the strength of the first-time reflection signal and suppress the strength of the second-time reflection signal. Thus, resolution of the reflection signal of grouting layer is improved.
引文
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[3]ANNAN A P,COSWAY S W.Ground penetrating radar survey design[C]//Annual Meeting of Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems.Illinois,USA:1992:329-351.
[4]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:49-51.LI Daxin.Principle and Application of GPR[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:49-51.
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[9]刘敦文.地下岩体工程灾害隐患雷达探测与控制研究[D].长沙:中南大学资源与安全工程学院,2001:22-84.LIU Dunwen.Research on radar detection and control technique of underground rock mass engineering disaster hidden danger[D].Changsha:Central South University.School of Resources and Safety Engineering,2001:22-84.
[10]刘敦文,黄仁东,徐国元,等.应用探地雷达技术检测隧道衬砌质量[J].物探与化探,2001,25(6):469-473.LIU Dunwen,HUANG Rendong,XU Guoyuan,et al.The application of ground-penetrating radar to the inspection of tunnel lining quality[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2001,25(6):469-473.
[11]戴前伟,冯德山,王启龙,等.时域有限差分法在地质雷达二维正演模拟中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):898-902.DAI Qianwei,FENG Deshan,WANG Qilong,et al.The apply of finite difference time domain method in the ground penetrating radar(GPR)two-dimension forward simulate[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(4):898-902.
[12]戴前伟,冯德山,何继善.Kirchhoff偏移法在探地雷达正演图像处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):849-853.DAI Qianwei,FENG Deshan,HE Jishan.The application of Kirchhoff’s migration method in the image processing of the ground penetrating radar forward simulate[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(3):849-853.
[13]黄宏伟,刘遹剑,谢雄耀.盾构隧道壁后注浆效果的雷达探测研究[J].岩土力学,2003,24(S2):353-356.HUANG Hongwei,LIU Yujian,XIE Xiongyao.Application of GPR to grouting distribution behind segment in shield tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(S2):353-356.
[14]张丰收,黄宏伟,谢雄耀,等.盾构隧道壁后注浆材料的介电常数测定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):3757-3762.ZHANG Fengshou,HUANG Hongwei,XIE Xiongyao,et al.Dielectric coefficient testing of grouting material behind segment in shield tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S2):3757-3762.
[15]杜军.盾构隧道壁后注浆探测图像识别及沉降控制研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2006:88-115.DU Jun.Study on image identification of grouting distribution behind shield tunnel segment with GPR and settlement control[D].Shanghai:Tongji University.School of Civil Engineering,2006:88-115.
[16]黄宏伟,杜军,谢雄耀.盾构隧道壁后注浆的地质雷达探测模拟试验[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2):243-248.HUANG Hongwei,DU Jun,XIE Xiongyao.Simulation of GPRdetecting of grouting materials behind shield tunnel segment[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(2):243-248.
[17]田海洋.越江公路盾构隧道壁后注浆探地雷达探测试验及应用研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2008:86-105.TIAN Haiyang.Test and application of GPR detecting of grouting behind segment of the shield tunnel across the river[D].Shanghai:Tongji University.School of Civil Engineering,2008:86-105.
[18]刘海,谢雄耀.上海盾构隧道壁后土体介电常数测试实验[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(2):294-297.LIU Hai,XIE Xiongyao.Dielectric constant tests on soils behind shield tunnel segment in Shanghai[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(2):294-297.
[19]叶琛.探地雷达应用于盾构前方地质和障碍物探测研究[D].上海:同济大学机械工程学,2006:66-78.YE Chen.The application of GPR to shielded tunnel boring machine’s frontal detection research[D].Shanghai:Tongji University.Department of Mechanical Engineering,2006:66-78.
[20]赵永辉,谢雄耀,陈军,等.隧道壁后注浆缺陷的雷达波场模拟及信息提取[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(10):1433-1438.ZHAO Yonghui,XIE Xiongyao,CHEN Jun,et al.Numerical simulation and information abstracting for radar wave of faults in shield tunneling back-filled grouting layer[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2008,36(10):1433-1438.
[21]王志高,谢雄耀.HHT在盾构隧道壁后注浆雷达探测中的应用研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(S1):872-880.WANG Zhigao,XIE Xiongyao.Research on the application of HHT in detection of back-fill grouting by GPR in shield tunnel[J].Journal of engineering Geology,2012,20(S1):872-880.
[22]吴丰收,吴德胜,丁建芳,等.双层钢筋网混凝土的探地雷达探测模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(S1):749-754.WU Fengshou,WU Desheng,DING Jianfang,et al.The simulation study of GPR in the double-layer of reinforced concrete[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(S1):749-754.
[23]曾琛超,陈方伟,武建力,等.基于一致性消除法的盾构隧道探地雷达正演模拟研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(4):173-178.ZENG Chenchao,CHEN Fangwei,WU Jianli,et al.GPRforward simulation for shield tunnel conditions based on the consistent information removal method[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2015,52(4):173-178.
[24]张军,陈思茹,张子琛,等.基于GPR和F-K法的桥面隐性病害无损检测方法[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(7):110-116.ZHANG Jun,CHEN Siru,ZHANG Zichen,et al.Non-destructive detection method for bridge hidden diseases based on GPR and F-K method[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(7):110-116.
[25]DBJ/T45-056-2018,盾构法隧道管片壁后注浆质量地质雷达法检测技术规范[S].DBJ/T45-056-2018,Code for ground penetrating radar detection of grouting quality behind shield tunnel segment[S].
[2]江英超,方勇,何川,等.砂卵石地层盾构施工滞后沉降形成的细观研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(1):171-177.JIANG Yingchao,FANG Yong,HE Chuan,et al.Study on delayed settlement formation induced by shield tunneling in sandy cobble strata[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2015,11(1):171-177.
[3]ANNAN A P,COSWAY S W.Ground penetrating radar survey design[C]//Annual Meeting of Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems.Illinois,USA:1992:329-351.
[4]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:49-51.LI Daxin.Principle and Application of GPR[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:49-51.
[5]MELLETT J S.Ground penetrating radar applications in engineering,environmental management and geology[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,1995,33(1):157-166.
[6]KOYOMA Y,SATO Y,OKANO N,et al.Back-fill grouting model test for shield tunnel[J].Quarterly Report of Railway Technical Research Institute,1998,39(1):35-39.
[7]JOL H M.Ground Penetrating Radar:Theory and Applications[M].Amsterdam,Holland:Elsevier Science,2009:99-139.
[8]夏才初,潘国荣.土木工程监测技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:250-255.XIA Caichu,PAN Guorong.Monitoring technology of civil engineering[M].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2001:250-255.
[9]刘敦文.地下岩体工程灾害隐患雷达探测与控制研究[D].长沙:中南大学资源与安全工程学院,2001:22-84.LIU Dunwen.Research on radar detection and control technique of underground rock mass engineering disaster hidden danger[D].Changsha:Central South University.School of Resources and Safety Engineering,2001:22-84.
[10]刘敦文,黄仁东,徐国元,等.应用探地雷达技术检测隧道衬砌质量[J].物探与化探,2001,25(6):469-473.LIU Dunwen,HUANG Rendong,XU Guoyuan,et al.The application of ground-penetrating radar to the inspection of tunnel lining quality[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2001,25(6):469-473.
[11]戴前伟,冯德山,王启龙,等.时域有限差分法在地质雷达二维正演模拟中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):898-902.DAI Qianwei,FENG Deshan,WANG Qilong,et al.The apply of finite difference time domain method in the ground penetrating radar(GPR)two-dimension forward simulate[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(4):898-902.
[12]戴前伟,冯德山,何继善.Kirchhoff偏移法在探地雷达正演图像处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):849-853.DAI Qianwei,FENG Deshan,HE Jishan.The application of Kirchhoff’s migration method in the image processing of the ground penetrating radar forward simulate[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(3):849-853.
[13]黄宏伟,刘遹剑,谢雄耀.盾构隧道壁后注浆效果的雷达探测研究[J].岩土力学,2003,24(S2):353-356.HUANG Hongwei,LIU Yujian,XIE Xiongyao.Application of GPR to grouting distribution behind segment in shield tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(S2):353-356.
[14]张丰收,黄宏伟,谢雄耀,等.盾构隧道壁后注浆材料的介电常数测定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):3757-3762.ZHANG Fengshou,HUANG Hongwei,XIE Xiongyao,et al.Dielectric coefficient testing of grouting material behind segment in shield tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S2):3757-3762.
[15]杜军.盾构隧道壁后注浆探测图像识别及沉降控制研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2006:88-115.DU Jun.Study on image identification of grouting distribution behind shield tunnel segment with GPR and settlement control[D].Shanghai:Tongji University.School of Civil Engineering,2006:88-115.
[16]黄宏伟,杜军,谢雄耀.盾构隧道壁后注浆的地质雷达探测模拟试验[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2):243-248.HUANG Hongwei,DU Jun,XIE Xiongyao.Simulation of GPRdetecting of grouting materials behind shield tunnel segment[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(2):243-248.
[17]田海洋.越江公路盾构隧道壁后注浆探地雷达探测试验及应用研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2008:86-105.TIAN Haiyang.Test and application of GPR detecting of grouting behind segment of the shield tunnel across the river[D].Shanghai:Tongji University.School of Civil Engineering,2008:86-105.
[18]刘海,谢雄耀.上海盾构隧道壁后土体介电常数测试实验[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(2):294-297.LIU Hai,XIE Xiongyao.Dielectric constant tests on soils behind shield tunnel segment in Shanghai[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(2):294-297.
[19]叶琛.探地雷达应用于盾构前方地质和障碍物探测研究[D].上海:同济大学机械工程学,2006:66-78.YE Chen.The application of GPR to shielded tunnel boring machine’s frontal detection research[D].Shanghai:Tongji University.Department of Mechanical Engineering,2006:66-78.
[20]赵永辉,谢雄耀,陈军,等.隧道壁后注浆缺陷的雷达波场模拟及信息提取[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(10):1433-1438.ZHAO Yonghui,XIE Xiongyao,CHEN Jun,et al.Numerical simulation and information abstracting for radar wave of faults in shield tunneling back-filled grouting layer[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2008,36(10):1433-1438.
[21]王志高,谢雄耀.HHT在盾构隧道壁后注浆雷达探测中的应用研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(S1):872-880.WANG Zhigao,XIE Xiongyao.Research on the application of HHT in detection of back-fill grouting by GPR in shield tunnel[J].Journal of engineering Geology,2012,20(S1):872-880.
[22]吴丰收,吴德胜,丁建芳,等.双层钢筋网混凝土的探地雷达探测模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(S1):749-754.WU Fengshou,WU Desheng,DING Jianfang,et al.The simulation study of GPR in the double-layer of reinforced concrete[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(S1):749-754.
[23]曾琛超,陈方伟,武建力,等.基于一致性消除法的盾构隧道探地雷达正演模拟研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(4):173-178.ZENG Chenchao,CHEN Fangwei,WU Jianli,et al.GPRforward simulation for shield tunnel conditions based on the consistent information removal method[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2015,52(4):173-178.
[24]张军,陈思茹,张子琛,等.基于GPR和F-K法的桥面隐性病害无损检测方法[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(7):110-116.ZHANG Jun,CHEN Siru,ZHANG Zichen,et al.Non-destructive detection method for bridge hidden diseases based on GPR and F-K method[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(7):110-116.
[25]DBJ/T45-056-2018,盾构法隧道管片壁后注浆质量地质雷达法检测技术规范[S].DBJ/T45-056-2018,Code for ground penetrating radar detection of grouting quality behind shield tunnel segment[S].
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