新型拉压复合型锚杆锚固性能研究Ⅱ:模型试验
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摘要
针对传统拉力型和压力型锚杆存在受力集中、锚固体与岩土体界面黏结强度发挥不充分、抗拔承载力偏低的问题,研发了一种新型拉压复合型锚杆。通过对传统锚杆及拉压复合型锚杆开展模型试验,对比研究了不同锚杆的极限抗拔承载力及其锚固性能。结果表明:拉压复合型锚杆极限抗拔承载力比传统拉力型锚杆大幅提高,拉压长度比为1∶2和2∶1时,分别提高79%和161%,且具有更好的位移延性和抗变形能力;拉压复合型锚杆峰后残余抗拔承载力显著提高,传统拉力型和压力型锚杆稳定残峰比最大值均不超过0.40,锚头相对拔出变形ξs=2.5%时,残峰比平均值分别为0.292和0.259;TC360-12锚杆和TC360-21锚杆稳定残峰比最小值分别不低于0.45和0.60,ξs=2.5%时,残峰比平均值分别为0.545和0.790;拉压长度比为2∶1的拉压复合型锚杆即将破坏时,受拉锚固段和承压锚固段协同承载能力更强,界面黏结强度得到充分发挥,锚杆极限抗拔承载力更高。
The new tension-compression composite anchor(TC-anchor) is developed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional tensile-type anchor(T-anchor) and pressure-type anchor(C-anchor), such as stress concentration, insufficient bonding strength between anchorage body and soil mass, and low uplift bearing capacity. The ultimate uplift bearing capacity and anchorage performance are analyzed comparatively based on the model tests for T-anchor, C-anchor and TC-anchor. The results show that, in contrast with T-anchor, the ultimate uplift bearing capacities of TC-anchor significantly increase by 79%and 161% respectively for the tension-compression anchorage length ratios(TCAL-ratio) of 1:2 and 2:1. The TC-anchor has better displacement ductility and deformation resistivity, and its residual uplift bearing capacity increases significantly. The maximum ratios of the residual uplift bearing capacity to the ultimate one(RU-ratio) of T-anchor and C-anchor are both not more than 0.40, with the average values of 0.292 and 0.259 for relative out deformation of anchor head ξs=2.5%. The tension and compression anchorage segments of TC-anchor with TCAL-ratio of 2:1 have stronger coordination-bearing capacity. When the TC-anchor is closed to failure, the bonding strength between grouting body and concrete failure plays sufficiently. So the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of TC-ancor with TCAL-ratio 2:1 is higher.
The new tension-compression composite anchor(TC-anchor) is developed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional tensile-type anchor(T-anchor) and pressure-type anchor(C-anchor), such as stress concentration, insufficient bonding strength between anchorage body and soil mass, and low uplift bearing capacity. The ultimate uplift bearing capacity and anchorage performance are analyzed comparatively based on the model tests for T-anchor, C-anchor and TC-anchor. The results show that, in contrast with T-anchor, the ultimate uplift bearing capacities of TC-anchor significantly increase by 79%and 161% respectively for the tension-compression anchorage length ratios(TCAL-ratio) of 1:2 and 2:1. The TC-anchor has better displacement ductility and deformation resistivity, and its residual uplift bearing capacity increases significantly. The maximum ratios of the residual uplift bearing capacity to the ultimate one(RU-ratio) of T-anchor and C-anchor are both not more than 0.40, with the average values of 0.292 and 0.259 for relative out deformation of anchor head ξs=2.5%. The tension and compression anchorage segments of TC-anchor with TCAL-ratio of 2:1 have stronger coordination-bearing capacity. When the TC-anchor is closed to failure, the bonding strength between grouting body and concrete failure plays sufficiently. So the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of TC-ancor with TCAL-ratio 2:1 is higher.
引文
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[4]郭钢,刘钟,李永康,等.扩体锚杆拉拔破坏机制模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1677-1684.(GUO Gang,LIU Zhong,LI Yong-kang,et al.Model test research on failure mechanism of underreamed ground anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1677-1684.(in Chinese))
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[6]张虎元,王晓东,王旭东,等.楠竹加筋复合锚杆内部界面黏结滑移模型[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):789-796.(ZHANG Hu-yuan,WANG Xiao-dong,WANG Xu-dong,et al.Bond-slip model for bamboo-steel cable composite anchor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):789-796.(in Chinese))
[7]王晓东,张虎元,吕擎峰.楠竹加筋复合锚杆静力学性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(12):108-115.(WANG Xiao-dong,ZHANG Hu-yuan,LüQing-feng.Laboratory study of the static properties of bamboo-steel cable composite anchor[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(12):108-115.(in Chinese))
[8]曹佳文,彭振斌,彭文祥,等.充气锚杆在砂土中的模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(7):1957-1962.(CAOJia-wen,PENG Zhen-bin,PENG Wen-xiang,et al.Model test study of inflated anchors in sands[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(7):1957-1962.(in Chinese))
[9]彭文祥,张旭,曹佳文.充气锚杆极限承载力计算方法[J].岩土力学,2013,34(6):1696-1702.(PENG Wen-xiang,ZHANG Xu,CAO Jia-wen.Calculation method for ultimate bearing capacity of inflatable anchor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(6):1696-1702.(in Chinese))
[10]刘钟,郭钢,张义,等.囊式扩体锚杆施工技术与工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(增刊2):205-211.(LIU Zhong,GUO Gang,ZHANG Yi,et al.Construction technology and engineering applications of capsule-type under-reamed ground anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(S2):205-211.(in Chinese))
[11]涂兵雄,贾金青,俞缙,等.一种拉压复合型锚杆:ZL201420450678.5,中国[P].2014.(TU Bing-xiong,JIAJin-qin,YU Jin,et al.A tension-compression composite anchor:ZL201420450678.5,China[P].2014.(in Chinese))
[12]程良奎,范景伦,韩军,等.岩土锚固[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000:35-45.(CHENG Liang-kui,FANJing-lun,HAN Jun,et al.Ground anchrage[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2000:35-45.(in Chinese))
[13]SERRANO A,OLALLA C.Tensile resistance of rock anchors[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(4):449-474.
[14]KILIC A,YASAR E,ATIS C D.Effect of bar shape on the pull-out load capacity of fully grouted rock bolt[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2002,18(1):1-6.
[15]郭锐剑,谌文武,段建,等.考虑界面软化特性的土层锚杆拉拔受力分析[J].中南大学学报,2012,43(10):4003-4009.(GUO Rui-jian,CHEN Wen-wu,DUAN Jian,et al.Pullout mechanical analysis of soil anchor based on softening behavior of interface[J].Journal of Central South University,2012,43(10):4003-4009.(in Chinese))
[16]尤春安,战玉宝.预应力锚索锚固段界面滑移的细观力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(10):1976-1985.(YOU Chun-an,ZHANG Yu-bao.Analysis of interfacial slip mesomechanics in anchorage section of prestressed anchor cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(10):1976-1985.(in Chinese))
[17]夏元友,陈泽松,顾金才,等.压力分散型锚索受力特点的室内足尺模型实验[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(3):33-38.(XIA Yuan-you,CHEN Zhe-song,GU Jin-cai,et al.Indoor full-size model test on stress features of pressure-dispersive prestressed anchorage cable[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,32(3):33-38.(in Chinese))
[18]JGJ/T70-2009建筑砂浆基本性能试验方法标准[S].2009.(JGJ/T70-2009 Standard for test method of basic properties of construction mortar[S].2009.(in Chinese))
[19]JGJ/T 401-2017锚杆检测与监测技术规程[S].2017.(JGJ/T 401-2017 Technical specification for testing and monitoring of anchors[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2017.(in Chinese))
[2]刘宝琛.综合利用城市地面及地下空间的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):109-111.(LIU Bao-chen.Some aspects for utilization of ground surface and underground space in cities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):109-111.(in Chinese))
[3]郭钢,刘钟,邓益兵,等.砂土中扩体锚杆承载特性模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3645-3652.(GUO Gang,LIU Zhong,DENG Yi-bing,et al.Model test research on bearing capacity characteristics of underreamed ground anchor in sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3645-3652.(in Chinese))
[4]郭钢,刘钟,李永康,等.扩体锚杆拉拔破坏机制模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1677-1684.(GUO Gang,LIU Zhong,LI Yong-kang,et al.Model test research on failure mechanism of underreamed ground anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1677-1684.(in Chinese))
[5]胡建林,张培文.扩体型锚杆的研制及其抗拔试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(6):1615-1619.(HU Jian-lin,ZHANGPei-wen.Development of underreamed anchor and experimental study of uplift resistance[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(6):1615-1619.(in Chinese))
[6]张虎元,王晓东,王旭东,等.楠竹加筋复合锚杆内部界面黏结滑移模型[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):789-796.(ZHANG Hu-yuan,WANG Xiao-dong,WANG Xu-dong,et al.Bond-slip model for bamboo-steel cable composite anchor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):789-796.(in Chinese))
[7]王晓东,张虎元,吕擎峰.楠竹加筋复合锚杆静力学性能试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(12):108-115.(WANG Xiao-dong,ZHANG Hu-yuan,LüQing-feng.Laboratory study of the static properties of bamboo-steel cable composite anchor[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(12):108-115.(in Chinese))
[8]曹佳文,彭振斌,彭文祥,等.充气锚杆在砂土中的模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(7):1957-1962.(CAOJia-wen,PENG Zhen-bin,PENG Wen-xiang,et al.Model test study of inflated anchors in sands[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(7):1957-1962.(in Chinese))
[9]彭文祥,张旭,曹佳文.充气锚杆极限承载力计算方法[J].岩土力学,2013,34(6):1696-1702.(PENG Wen-xiang,ZHANG Xu,CAO Jia-wen.Calculation method for ultimate bearing capacity of inflatable anchor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(6):1696-1702.(in Chinese))
[10]刘钟,郭钢,张义,等.囊式扩体锚杆施工技术与工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(增刊2):205-211.(LIU Zhong,GUO Gang,ZHANG Yi,et al.Construction technology and engineering applications of capsule-type under-reamed ground anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(S2):205-211.(in Chinese))
[11]涂兵雄,贾金青,俞缙,等.一种拉压复合型锚杆:ZL201420450678.5,中国[P].2014.(TU Bing-xiong,JIAJin-qin,YU Jin,et al.A tension-compression composite anchor:ZL201420450678.5,China[P].2014.(in Chinese))
[12]程良奎,范景伦,韩军,等.岩土锚固[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000:35-45.(CHENG Liang-kui,FANJing-lun,HAN Jun,et al.Ground anchrage[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2000:35-45.(in Chinese))
[13]SERRANO A,OLALLA C.Tensile resistance of rock anchors[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(4):449-474.
[14]KILIC A,YASAR E,ATIS C D.Effect of bar shape on the pull-out load capacity of fully grouted rock bolt[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2002,18(1):1-6.
[15]郭锐剑,谌文武,段建,等.考虑界面软化特性的土层锚杆拉拔受力分析[J].中南大学学报,2012,43(10):4003-4009.(GUO Rui-jian,CHEN Wen-wu,DUAN Jian,et al.Pullout mechanical analysis of soil anchor based on softening behavior of interface[J].Journal of Central South University,2012,43(10):4003-4009.(in Chinese))
[16]尤春安,战玉宝.预应力锚索锚固段界面滑移的细观力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(10):1976-1985.(YOU Chun-an,ZHANG Yu-bao.Analysis of interfacial slip mesomechanics in anchorage section of prestressed anchor cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(10):1976-1985.(in Chinese))
[17]夏元友,陈泽松,顾金才,等.压力分散型锚索受力特点的室内足尺模型实验[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(3):33-38.(XIA Yuan-you,CHEN Zhe-song,GU Jin-cai,et al.Indoor full-size model test on stress features of pressure-dispersive prestressed anchorage cable[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,32(3):33-38.(in Chinese))
[18]JGJ/T70-2009建筑砂浆基本性能试验方法标准[S].2009.(JGJ/T70-2009 Standard for test method of basic properties of construction mortar[S].2009.(in Chinese))
[19]JGJ/T 401-2017锚杆检测与监测技术规程[S].2017.(JGJ/T 401-2017 Technical specification for testing and monitoring of anchors[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2017.(in Chinese))
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