基于SNPP/VIIRS夜光遥感数据的东、黄海渔船时空分布及其变化特点
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摘要
基于SNPP (Suomi national polar-orbiting partnership)卫星的VIIRS (visible infrared imaging radiometer suite)传感器获取的2013年1月至2017年12月夜光遥感渔船数据,对东、黄海渔船时空分布及其变化特点进行了研究。结果表明:(1)遥感获取的渔船数据基本能够反映中国东、黄海捕捞活动和渔业资源时空分布变化的特点,如2月受天气和中国春节的影响,南、北渔场渔船分布范围大幅减少, 8月南渔场和10月北渔场受当年生渔业资源补充及近海索饵群体集聚的影响,渔船分布范围及数量均达到最大值;同时,渔船时空分布及重心变化也反映了黄海暖流、台湾暖流、沿岸流及长江冲淡水等对渔业资源时空分布的影响。(2)渔业政策实施的效果在夜光遥感渔船数据中有很好的体现,在禁渔期间,船次数有明显减少,但捕捞活动并没有完全消失,仍可能存在违法捕捞行为。(3)南渔场年船次总数呈下降趋势,南、北渔场渔船空间分布重心均呈西移趋势,可能与渔业资源量及空间分布变动等因素有关。受天气等因素影响,遥感数据可能存在一定问题,但研究结果表明, SNPP/VIIRS夜光遥感数据仍可为中国近海灯光诱捕作业的监测提供有效的数据支持。
Based on the fishing vessel data obtained from VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)payloaded on SNPP(Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite), this paper studies the temporal and spatial distribution of fishing vessels and its variation in East China Sea and Yellow Sea. The results show that:(1)Fishing vessel data can reflect the temporal and spatial distribution of fishing activities and fishery resources in East China Sea and Yellow Sea, for example, the distribution of fishing vessels in the north fishing region has been greatly reduced because of weather and the Spring Festival in February and the distribution range and number of fishing vessels which are affected by the supplement of fishery resources in current year and the concentration of coastal feeding groups reach the peaks in the south fishing region in August and in the north fishing region in October, respectively. Moreover, the temporal and spatial distribution of fishing vessels and the change of their barycenter also indicate the influence of Yellow Sea Warm Current, Taiwan Warm Current, Coastal Current, and Changjiang Diluted Water on the distribution of fishery resources.(2) The effects of fishery policy are well reflected in the fishing vessel data. During the closed fishing season, the sailings have obviously decreased, but fishing activities have not completely disappeared, and illegal fishing may still exist.(3) The annual sailings in the south fishing ground decrease and the barycenter in the north or south fishing grounds generally move westward,which might be related to the alternations of fishery resources. The quality of remote sensing data will be impacted by cloud cover and other factors, but SNPP/VIIRS night light remote sensing data can still provide support for the monitoring of the light-fishing industry in the coastal regions of China.
Based on the fishing vessel data obtained from VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)payloaded on SNPP(Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite), this paper studies the temporal and spatial distribution of fishing vessels and its variation in East China Sea and Yellow Sea. The results show that:(1)Fishing vessel data can reflect the temporal and spatial distribution of fishing activities and fishery resources in East China Sea and Yellow Sea, for example, the distribution of fishing vessels in the north fishing region has been greatly reduced because of weather and the Spring Festival in February and the distribution range and number of fishing vessels which are affected by the supplement of fishery resources in current year and the concentration of coastal feeding groups reach the peaks in the south fishing region in August and in the north fishing region in October, respectively. Moreover, the temporal and spatial distribution of fishing vessels and the change of their barycenter also indicate the influence of Yellow Sea Warm Current, Taiwan Warm Current, Coastal Current, and Changjiang Diluted Water on the distribution of fishery resources.(2) The effects of fishery policy are well reflected in the fishing vessel data. During the closed fishing season, the sailings have obviously decreased, but fishing activities have not completely disappeared, and illegal fishing may still exist.(3) The annual sailings in the south fishing ground decrease and the barycenter in the north or south fishing grounds generally move westward,which might be related to the alternations of fishery resources. The quality of remote sensing data will be impacted by cloud cover and other factors, but SNPP/VIIRS night light remote sensing data can still provide support for the monitoring of the light-fishing industry in the coastal regions of China.
引文
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[16]Yuan X N,Chen X J,Li G.Annual change of fishing ground gravity for Scomber japonicas by large light seine fishery and their relationship with environmental factors in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(3):110-114.[袁小楠,陈新军,李纲.东黄海日本鲐灯光围网渔场重心年际变化及其与环境因子关系[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(3):110-114.]
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[20]Guan W J.Remote-sensing-based assessment of chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus)fishing ground and stock dynamics in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2008.[官文江.基于海洋遥感的东、黄海鲐鱼渔场与资源研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.]
[21]Dong H.Circular on adjustment of marine closed season from Ministry of Agriculture[J].Fishery Information and Strategy,2009(4):29.[董海.农业部关于调整海洋伏季休渔制度的通告[J].渔业信息与战略,2009(4):29.]
[22]Guan W J,Chen X J,Pan D L.A review:application and research of remote sensing in marine fisheries[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2007,22(1):62-66.[官文江,陈新军,潘德炉.遥感在海洋渔业中的应用与研究进展[J].大连海洋大学学报,2007,22(1):62-66.]
[2]Yang L.Principle and application of fish lamp[J].Jiangxi Fishery Sciences and Technology,1995(3):41.[杨吝.诱鱼灯的原理及实际应用[J].江西水产科技,1995(3):41.]
[3]Elvidge C D,Zhizhin M,Baugh K,et al.Automatic boat identification system for VIIRS low light imaging data[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7(3):3020-3036.
[4]Li D R,Li X.An overview on data mining of nighttime light remote sensing[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(6):591-601.[李德仁,李熙.论夜光遥感数据挖掘[J].测绘学报,2015,44(6):591-601.]
[5]Waluda C M,Yamashiro C,Elvidge C D,et al.Quantifying light-fishing for Dosidicus gigas,in the eastern Pacific using satellite remote sensing[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,91(2):129-133.
[6]Kiyofuji H,Saitoh S I.Use of nighttime visible images to detect Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus fishing areas and potential migration routes in the Sea of Japan[J].Marine Ecology Progress,2004,276(1):173-186.
[7]Guo G G,Fan W,Xue J L,et al.Identification for operating pelagic light-fishing vessels based on NPP/VIIRS low light imaging data[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(10):245-251.[郭刚刚,樊伟,薛嘉伦,等.基于NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像的作业灯光围网渔船识别[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):245-251.]
[8]Fang X.VIIRS day/night band data application[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2015(12):42-43.[方荀.VIIRS白天/夜晚波段数据应用概况[J].科技创新导报,2015(12):42-43.]
[9]Guo G G.Detection algorithm for operating pelagic lightfishing boats in the Northwestern Pacific and its fishing ground analysis based on NPP/VIIRS low light imaging data[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2017.[郭刚刚.基于NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感数据的西北太平洋公海灯光围网渔船检测及其作业渔场分析[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2017.]
[10]Fisheries Bureau,Ministry of Agriculture,the People’s Republic of China.Fisheries Laws and Regulations of the People’s Republic of China[M].Beijing:Law Press·China,2005:218-219.[中华人民共和国农业部渔业局.中华人民共和国渔业法律法规规章全书[M].北京:法律出版社,2005:218-219.]
[11]baike.com.Fisheries agreement between the government of the People’s Republic of China and the government of the Republic of Korea[EB/OL].(2001-6-30)[2018-10-6].http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%A9%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A%E3%80%8B.[互动百科.中华人民共和国政府和大韩民国政府渔业协定[EB/OL].(2001-6-30)[2018-10-6].http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%A9%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A%E3%80%8B.]
[12]Zheng B,Chen X J,Li G.Relationship between the resource and fishing ground of mackerel and environmental factors based on GAM and GLM models in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2008,32(3):379-386.[郑波,陈新军,李纲.GLM和GAM模型研究东黄海鲐资源渔场与环境因子的关系[J].水产学报,2008,32(3):379-386.]
[13]Yang S L,Zhang B B,Jin S F,et al.Relationship between the temporal-spatial distribution of longline fishing grounds of yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)and the thermocline characteristics in the Western Central Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2015,37(6):78-87.[杨胜龙,张忭忭,靳少非,等.中西太平洋延绳钓黄鳍金枪鱼渔场时空分布与温跃层关系[J].海洋学报,2015,37(6):78-87.]
[14]Li J S,Yan L P,Qian H S,et al.Dynamic analysis on monitoring of purse seine fishery in the regions of East China Sea and Yellow Sea in 2007[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2008,23(6):9-11.[李建生,严利平,钱洪生,等.2007年东黄海机轮围网渔业监测动态分析[J].渔业信息与战略,2008,23(6):9-11.]
[15]Cheng J H,Zhang Q H,Li S F,et al.Utilization of Fishery Resources in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Pubilshers,2006:155-171.[程家骅,张秋华,李圣法,等.东黄海渔业资源利用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006:155-171.]
[16]Yuan X N,Chen X J,Li G.Annual change of fishing ground gravity for Scomber japonicas by large light seine fishery and their relationship with environmental factors in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(3):110-114.[袁小楠,陈新军,李纲.东黄海日本鲐灯光围网渔场重心年际变化及其与环境因子关系[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(3):110-114.]
[17]Sun M C.Marine Fishery Technology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005:31-62.[孙满昌.海洋渔业技术学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:31-62.]
[18]Yu L F.Investigation and study on mackerel scad fishery in the central and southern part of East China Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,1998(2):72-75.[俞连福.东海中南部鲐鲹渔场的调查与研究[J].海洋渔业,1998(2):72-75.]
[19]Li G.Stock assessment and risk analysis of chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus)in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2008.[李纲.东、黄海鲐鱼资源评估及其管理策略风险分析[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2008.]
[20]Guan W J.Remote-sensing-based assessment of chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus)fishing ground and stock dynamics in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2008.[官文江.基于海洋遥感的东、黄海鲐鱼渔场与资源研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.]
[21]Dong H.Circular on adjustment of marine closed season from Ministry of Agriculture[J].Fishery Information and Strategy,2009(4):29.[董海.农业部关于调整海洋伏季休渔制度的通告[J].渔业信息与战略,2009(4):29.]
[22]Guan W J,Chen X J,Pan D L.A review:application and research of remote sensing in marine fisheries[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2007,22(1):62-66.[官文江,陈新军,潘德炉.遥感在海洋渔业中的应用与研究进展[J].大连海洋大学学报,2007,22(1):62-66.]
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