鱼类标志放流步骤的优选及其在黄鳍棘鲷中的应用
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摘要
鱼类标志放流过程中,关键细节缺失参考依据易导致标志鱼因标志操作不规范而死亡(或导致标志脱落),从而影响基于标志群体抽样的增殖效果评估、放流群体时空格局等后续研究的准确性。本研究以南海重要增殖放流鱼类黄鳍棘鲷为对象,采用多因素方差分析对比了标志过程中关键操作(标志前麻醉与否、标志部位、植入角度)的生长率、存活率、标志保留率的差异。40 d的实验结果显示,不同标志操作对鱼的生长无显著影响。麻醉与否对实验鱼的存活率影响极显著。标志部位、植入角度对标志保留率影响显著。优选出的最佳标志操作组合为麻醉,将T型标志以45°植入背鳍基前部肌肉(存活率95.56%、标志保留率98.89%)。综合以往资料,本研究提出了黄鳍棘鲷[体长(10.05±0.39)cm]T型标志操作规范建议,为今后科学开展标志放流提供参考依据:①标志前暂养,将待标志鱼放入培育池内暂养3 d或以上,标志前24 h停食;②材料消毒,将T型标志和标志枪针头用75%酒精浸泡消毒5 min;③麻醉,用30 mg/L丁香酚溶液(或MS-222麻醉剂)麻醉至鱼体腹部向上翻转时,迅速进行标志;④标志,用标志枪针头拨去标志部位的1个鳞片,然后针头与鱼体呈45°将T型标志植入背鳍基前部肌肉;⑤鱼体消毒,将标志鱼放入含有5%聚维酮碘(或高锰酸钾)的海水溶液中药浴消毒30 min;⑥标志后暂养,消毒后的标志鱼人工暂养7 d后可放流。
Tagging and releasing techniques are commonly used to obtain information on behavior and assess the effects of stock enhancement in marine fishes, which is based on the sampling of tagged population. However, the lack of the field protocol on fish tagging techniques undoubtedly leads to the tag loss or even the death of a large quantity of tagged fish. In this study, Acanthopagrus latus, one of the main stocking species in northern South China Sea, was employed to conducted the 40 days experiment using T-bar anchor tags. Three factors in the key tagging procedures were considered:(a) anesthetized or not(anesthetized or unanesthetized);(b) tagging locations(anterior dorsal muscle or posterior dorsal muscle) and(c) implanted angles(45° or 90°). According to a 2×2×2 factorial design, the experiment was divided into 8 tagged groups and 1 control group, with 3 replicates per group and 30 juvenile A. latus [initial average body length(10.05±0.39) cm] per replicate. Rates of growth, survival and tag retention were evaluated quantitatively by multifactor analysis of variance. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the specific growth rate among groups. Anesthetized or not was the factor that produced very significant difference in survival rate. Tagging locations and implanted angles produced significant difference in tag retention rate. Tagging by T with 45° into the anterior dorsal muscle of A. latus was the optimal procedures, which had the highest survival rate of 95.56% with tag retention rate of 98.89%. Finally, the field protocol suggestion was proposed: ① the fish should be reared no less than 3 days before being tagged; ② the tagging equipment should be sterilized using 75% alcohol for 5 minutes; ③ the fish should be anesthetized using30 mg/L eugenol solution or MS-222 until they could not maintain equilibrium; ④ the fish should be tagged with angles of 45° into the anterior dorsal muscle; ⑤ the fish should be sterilized using 5% povidone iodine or KMnO4 for 30 minutes; ⑥ the tagged fish should be then reared for 7 days before being released. This study will provide basic data for fish tagging studies in the future.
Tagging and releasing techniques are commonly used to obtain information on behavior and assess the effects of stock enhancement in marine fishes, which is based on the sampling of tagged population. However, the lack of the field protocol on fish tagging techniques undoubtedly leads to the tag loss or even the death of a large quantity of tagged fish. In this study, Acanthopagrus latus, one of the main stocking species in northern South China Sea, was employed to conducted the 40 days experiment using T-bar anchor tags. Three factors in the key tagging procedures were considered:(a) anesthetized or not(anesthetized or unanesthetized);(b) tagging locations(anterior dorsal muscle or posterior dorsal muscle) and(c) implanted angles(45° or 90°). According to a 2×2×2 factorial design, the experiment was divided into 8 tagged groups and 1 control group, with 3 replicates per group and 30 juvenile A. latus [initial average body length(10.05±0.39) cm] per replicate. Rates of growth, survival and tag retention were evaluated quantitatively by multifactor analysis of variance. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the specific growth rate among groups. Anesthetized or not was the factor that produced very significant difference in survival rate. Tagging locations and implanted angles produced significant difference in tag retention rate. Tagging by T with 45° into the anterior dorsal muscle of A. latus was the optimal procedures, which had the highest survival rate of 95.56% with tag retention rate of 98.89%. Finally, the field protocol suggestion was proposed: ① the fish should be reared no less than 3 days before being tagged; ② the tagging equipment should be sterilized using 75% alcohol for 5 minutes; ③ the fish should be anesthetized using30 mg/L eugenol solution or MS-222 until they could not maintain equilibrium; ④ the fish should be tagged with angles of 45° into the anterior dorsal muscle; ⑤ the fish should be sterilized using 5% povidone iodine or KMnO4 for 30 minutes; ⑥ the tagged fish should be then reared for 7 days before being released. This study will provide basic data for fish tagging studies in the future.
引文
[1]Copeland J R,Noble R L.Movements by young-of-year and yearling largemouth bass and their implications for supplemental stocking[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1994,14(1):119-124.
[2]Mcdermott S F,Fritz L W,Haist V.Estimating movement and abundance of Atka mackerel(Pleurogrammus monopterygius)with tag-releaserecapture data[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2005,14(S1):113-130.
[3]Able K W,Hagan S M,Brown S A.Habitat use, movement,and growth of young-of-the-year Fundulus spp.in southern New Jersey salt marshes:comparisons based on tag/recapture[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2006,335(2):177-187.
[4]Adlerstein S A,Rutherford E S,Clapp D,et al.Estimating seasonal movements of Chinook salmon in Lake Huron from efficiency analysis of coded wire tag recoveries in recreational fisheries[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2007,27(3):792-803.
[5]Isely J J,Tomasso J R.Estimating fish abundance in a large reservoir by mark-recapture[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1998,18(2):269-273.
[6]Masuda R,Tsukamoto K.Stock enhancement in Japan:review and perspective[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1998,62(2):337-358.
[7]Buckmeier D L,Betsill R K,Schlechte J W.Initial predation of stocked fingerling largemouth bass in a Texas Reservoir and implications for improving stocking efficiency[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2005,25(2):652-659.
[8]陈锦淘,戴小杰.鱼类标志放流技术的研究现状[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(4):451-456.Chen J T,Dai X J.Current status of fish tagging technology[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2005,14(4):451-456(in Chinese).
[9]Skalski J R,Buchanan R A,Griswold J.Review of marking methods and release-recapture designs for estimating the survival of very small fish:examples from the assessment of salmonid fry survival[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,2009,17(3):391-401.
[10]李陆嫔,黄硕琳.我国渔业资源增殖放流管理的分析研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(5):765-772.Li L P,Huang S L.A study on management of stock enhancement in China[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2011,20(5):765-772(in Chinese).
[11]Dixon C J,Mesa M G.Survival and tag loss in Moapa White River springfish implanted with passive integrated transponder tags[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2011,140(5):1375-1379.
[12]Smith N J,Mccall P L,Sutton T M.Effects of different tagging protocols on survival,growth,and tag retention in juvenile least cisco Coregonus sardinella[J].Fisheries Research,2017,187:68-72.
[13]Buckmeier D L,Reeves K S.Retention of passive integrated transponder,T-Bar anchor,and coded wire tags in lepisosteids[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2012,32(3):573-576.
[14]孙忠,余方平,王跃斌.鮸鱼增殖放流标志技术的初步研究[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(4):344-348.Sun Z,Yu F P,Wang Y B.Preliminary study on the tagging techniques for the release and enhancement of Miichthys miiuy[J].Marine Fisheries,2007,29(4):344-348(in Chinese).
[15]Lin M L,Xia Y G,Murphy B R,et al.Size-dependent effects of coded wire tags on mortality and tag retention in redtail culter Culter mongolicus[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2012,32(5):968-973.
[16]刘芝亮,徐永江,柳学周,等.T型标志牌标记牙鲆苗种[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(6):80-86.Liu Z L,Xu Y J,Liu X Z,et al.Tagging of Japanese flounder using T-bar tags[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(6):80-86(in Chinese).
[17]柳学周,徐永江,陈学周,等.半滑舌鳎苗种体外挂牌标志技术研究[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(2):273-280.Liu X Z,Xu Y J,Chen X Z,et al.Study on tagging of the tongue sole using T-bar tags[J].Advances in Marine Science,2013,31(2):273-280(in Chinese).
[18]Brewer M A,Rudershausen P J,Sterba-Boatwright B D,et al.Survival,tag retention,and growth of Spot and Mummichog following PIT tag implantation[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2016,36(3):639-651.
[19]Del Mar Gil M,Palmer M,Grau A,et al.Comparing tagging strategies:effects of tags on retention rate,mortality rate and growth in hatchery-reared juvenile meagre,Argyrosomus regius(Pisces:Sciaenidae)[J].Scientia Marina,2017,81(2):171-178.
[20]伍汉霖,邵广昭,赖春福,等.拉汉世界鱼类系统名典[M].基隆:水产出版社,2012:237.Wu H L,Shao G Z,Lai C F,et al.Wu H L,Shao G Z,Lai C F,et al[M].Jilong:Fisheries Press,2012:237(in Chinese).
[21]施晓峰,史会来,楼宝,等.黄鳍鲷生物学特性及人工繁养现状[J].河北渔业,2012(1):52-55.Shi X F,Shi H L,Lou B,et al.Biological characteristics and artificial propagation,culture technique for Sparus latus(Houttuyn)[J].Hebei Fisheries,2012(1):52-55(in Chinese).
[22]江兴龙,黄永春,黄良敏,等.厦门湾黄鳍鲷增殖放流效果的评估[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2013,18(3):161-166.Jiang X L,Huang Y C,Huang L M,et al.An evaluation on the effect of Sparus latus enhancement&release in Xiamen Bay[J].Journal of Jimei University(Natural Science Edition),2013,18(3):161-166(in Chinese).
[23]高忠江,施树良,李钰.SPSS方差分析在生物统计的应用[J].现代生物医学进展,2008,8(11):2116-2120.Gao Z J,Shi S L,Li Y.Application of SPSS in ANOVAof biological statistics[J].Progress in Modern Biomedicine,2008,8(11):2116-2120(in Chinese).
[24]Clark S R.Effects of passive integrated transponder tags on the physiology and swimming performance of a small-bodied stream fish[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2016,145(6):1179-1192.
[25]Otter?H,Kristiansen T S,Sv?sand T.Evaluation of anchor tags used in sea-ranching experiments with atlantic cod(Gadus morhua L.)[J].Fisheries Research,1998,35(3):237-246.
[26]Rikardsen A H,Woodgate M,Thompson D A.Acomparison of Floy and soft VIalpha tags on hatchery Arctic Charr,with emphasis on tag retention,growth and survival[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2002,64(1-3):269-273.
[27]王茂元,黄洪贵,赖铭勇,等.鲢鱼增殖放流标志技术研究[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(9):261-263.Wang M Y,Huang H G,Lai M Y,et al.Study on enhancement and tagged releasing technology of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(9):261-263(in Chinese).
[28]韩书煜,邹建伟,陈剑锋,等.人工增殖放流石斑鱼类的标识技术研究[J].现代渔业信息,2010,25(3):12-14,17.Han S Y,Zou J W,Chen J F,et al.Study on marking technique of Epinephelus awoara for artificial stocking[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2010,25(3):12-14,17(in Chinese).
[29]Williams L J,Herbig J L,Szedlmayer S T.A cage release method to improve fish tagging studies[J].Fisheries Research,2015,172:125-129.
[30]刘长琳,陈四清,何力,等.MS-222对半滑舌鳎成鱼的麻醉效果研究[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(1):92-99.Liu C L,Chen S Q,He L,et al.Effects of MS-222 as an anaesthetic on adult Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(1):92-99 (in Chinese).
[31]Hseu J R,Yeh S L,Chu Y T,et al.Comparison of efficacy of five anesthetics in goldlined sea bream,Sparus sarba[J].Acta Zoologica Taiwanica,1998,9(1):35-41.
[32]Prince A,Powell C.Clove oil as an anesthetic for invasive field procedures on adult rainbow trout[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2000,20(4):1029-1032.
[33]严银龙,施永海,张海明,等.MS-222、丁香酚对刀鲚幼鱼的麻醉效果[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(2):177-182.Yan Y L,Shi Y H,Zhang H M,et al.The anesthetic effect of MS-222 and eugenol on Coilia nasus Schlegel juvenile fish[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(2):177-182(in Chinese).
[34]刘小玲.鱼类应激反应的研究[J].水利渔业,2007,27(3):1-3.Liu X L.Studies on the emergency responses offishes[J].Reservoir Fisheries,2007,27(3):1-3(inChinese).
[35]刘长琳,李继强,陈四清,等.丁香酚麻醉半滑舌鳎成鱼的试验研究[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(3):50-56.Liu C L,Li J Q,Chen S Q,et al.Study on the anaesthetic effects of clove oil on adult Cynoglossus semillaevis Günther[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2007,28(3):50-56(in Chinese).
[36]黄国光,梁伟峰,王云新,等.穿体标志对黄鳍鲷幼鱼的生长、存活及脱标的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(1):31-35.Huang G G,Liang W F,Wang Y X,et al.Growth,survival and mark shedding of juvenile Sparus latus Houttuyn with coded plastic tags[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2009,29(1):31-35(in Chinese).
[2]Mcdermott S F,Fritz L W,Haist V.Estimating movement and abundance of Atka mackerel(Pleurogrammus monopterygius)with tag-releaserecapture data[J].Fisheries Oceanography,2005,14(S1):113-130.
[3]Able K W,Hagan S M,Brown S A.Habitat use, movement,and growth of young-of-the-year Fundulus spp.in southern New Jersey salt marshes:comparisons based on tag/recapture[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2006,335(2):177-187.
[4]Adlerstein S A,Rutherford E S,Clapp D,et al.Estimating seasonal movements of Chinook salmon in Lake Huron from efficiency analysis of coded wire tag recoveries in recreational fisheries[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2007,27(3):792-803.
[5]Isely J J,Tomasso J R.Estimating fish abundance in a large reservoir by mark-recapture[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1998,18(2):269-273.
[6]Masuda R,Tsukamoto K.Stock enhancement in Japan:review and perspective[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1998,62(2):337-358.
[7]Buckmeier D L,Betsill R K,Schlechte J W.Initial predation of stocked fingerling largemouth bass in a Texas Reservoir and implications for improving stocking efficiency[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2005,25(2):652-659.
[8]陈锦淘,戴小杰.鱼类标志放流技术的研究现状[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(4):451-456.Chen J T,Dai X J.Current status of fish tagging technology[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2005,14(4):451-456(in Chinese).
[9]Skalski J R,Buchanan R A,Griswold J.Review of marking methods and release-recapture designs for estimating the survival of very small fish:examples from the assessment of salmonid fry survival[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,2009,17(3):391-401.
[10]李陆嫔,黄硕琳.我国渔业资源增殖放流管理的分析研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(5):765-772.Li L P,Huang S L.A study on management of stock enhancement in China[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2011,20(5):765-772(in Chinese).
[11]Dixon C J,Mesa M G.Survival and tag loss in Moapa White River springfish implanted with passive integrated transponder tags[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2011,140(5):1375-1379.
[12]Smith N J,Mccall P L,Sutton T M.Effects of different tagging protocols on survival,growth,and tag retention in juvenile least cisco Coregonus sardinella[J].Fisheries Research,2017,187:68-72.
[13]Buckmeier D L,Reeves K S.Retention of passive integrated transponder,T-Bar anchor,and coded wire tags in lepisosteids[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2012,32(3):573-576.
[14]孙忠,余方平,王跃斌.鮸鱼增殖放流标志技术的初步研究[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(4):344-348.Sun Z,Yu F P,Wang Y B.Preliminary study on the tagging techniques for the release and enhancement of Miichthys miiuy[J].Marine Fisheries,2007,29(4):344-348(in Chinese).
[15]Lin M L,Xia Y G,Murphy B R,et al.Size-dependent effects of coded wire tags on mortality and tag retention in redtail culter Culter mongolicus[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2012,32(5):968-973.
[16]刘芝亮,徐永江,柳学周,等.T型标志牌标记牙鲆苗种[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(6):80-86.Liu Z L,Xu Y J,Liu X Z,et al.Tagging of Japanese flounder using T-bar tags[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(6):80-86(in Chinese).
[17]柳学周,徐永江,陈学周,等.半滑舌鳎苗种体外挂牌标志技术研究[J].海洋科学进展,2013,31(2):273-280.Liu X Z,Xu Y J,Chen X Z,et al.Study on tagging of the tongue sole using T-bar tags[J].Advances in Marine Science,2013,31(2):273-280(in Chinese).
[18]Brewer M A,Rudershausen P J,Sterba-Boatwright B D,et al.Survival,tag retention,and growth of Spot and Mummichog following PIT tag implantation[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2016,36(3):639-651.
[19]Del Mar Gil M,Palmer M,Grau A,et al.Comparing tagging strategies:effects of tags on retention rate,mortality rate and growth in hatchery-reared juvenile meagre,Argyrosomus regius(Pisces:Sciaenidae)[J].Scientia Marina,2017,81(2):171-178.
[20]伍汉霖,邵广昭,赖春福,等.拉汉世界鱼类系统名典[M].基隆:水产出版社,2012:237.Wu H L,Shao G Z,Lai C F,et al.Wu H L,Shao G Z,Lai C F,et al[M].Jilong:Fisheries Press,2012:237(in Chinese).
[21]施晓峰,史会来,楼宝,等.黄鳍鲷生物学特性及人工繁养现状[J].河北渔业,2012(1):52-55.Shi X F,Shi H L,Lou B,et al.Biological characteristics and artificial propagation,culture technique for Sparus latus(Houttuyn)[J].Hebei Fisheries,2012(1):52-55(in Chinese).
[22]江兴龙,黄永春,黄良敏,等.厦门湾黄鳍鲷增殖放流效果的评估[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2013,18(3):161-166.Jiang X L,Huang Y C,Huang L M,et al.An evaluation on the effect of Sparus latus enhancement&release in Xiamen Bay[J].Journal of Jimei University(Natural Science Edition),2013,18(3):161-166(in Chinese).
[23]高忠江,施树良,李钰.SPSS方差分析在生物统计的应用[J].现代生物医学进展,2008,8(11):2116-2120.Gao Z J,Shi S L,Li Y.Application of SPSS in ANOVAof biological statistics[J].Progress in Modern Biomedicine,2008,8(11):2116-2120(in Chinese).
[24]Clark S R.Effects of passive integrated transponder tags on the physiology and swimming performance of a small-bodied stream fish[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2016,145(6):1179-1192.
[25]Otter?H,Kristiansen T S,Sv?sand T.Evaluation of anchor tags used in sea-ranching experiments with atlantic cod(Gadus morhua L.)[J].Fisheries Research,1998,35(3):237-246.
[26]Rikardsen A H,Woodgate M,Thompson D A.Acomparison of Floy and soft VIalpha tags on hatchery Arctic Charr,with emphasis on tag retention,growth and survival[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2002,64(1-3):269-273.
[27]王茂元,黄洪贵,赖铭勇,等.鲢鱼增殖放流标志技术研究[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(9):261-263.Wang M Y,Huang H G,Lai M Y,et al.Study on enhancement and tagged releasing technology of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(9):261-263(in Chinese).
[28]韩书煜,邹建伟,陈剑锋,等.人工增殖放流石斑鱼类的标识技术研究[J].现代渔业信息,2010,25(3):12-14,17.Han S Y,Zou J W,Chen J F,et al.Study on marking technique of Epinephelus awoara for artificial stocking[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2010,25(3):12-14,17(in Chinese).
[29]Williams L J,Herbig J L,Szedlmayer S T.A cage release method to improve fish tagging studies[J].Fisheries Research,2015,172:125-129.
[30]刘长琳,陈四清,何力,等.MS-222对半滑舌鳎成鱼的麻醉效果研究[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(1):92-99.Liu C L,Chen S Q,He L,et al.Effects of MS-222 as an anaesthetic on adult Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(1):92-99 (in Chinese).
[31]Hseu J R,Yeh S L,Chu Y T,et al.Comparison of efficacy of five anesthetics in goldlined sea bream,Sparus sarba[J].Acta Zoologica Taiwanica,1998,9(1):35-41.
[32]Prince A,Powell C.Clove oil as an anesthetic for invasive field procedures on adult rainbow trout[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2000,20(4):1029-1032.
[33]严银龙,施永海,张海明,等.MS-222、丁香酚对刀鲚幼鱼的麻醉效果[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(2):177-182.Yan Y L,Shi Y H,Zhang H M,et al.The anesthetic effect of MS-222 and eugenol on Coilia nasus Schlegel juvenile fish[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(2):177-182(in Chinese).
[34]刘小玲.鱼类应激反应的研究[J].水利渔业,2007,27(3):1-3.Liu X L.Studies on the emergency responses offishes[J].Reservoir Fisheries,2007,27(3):1-3(inChinese).
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