优秀速滑运动员张虹下肢关节肌力特征研究
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摘要
目的:研究优秀女子短距离速滑运动员张虹下肢三关节等速肌力特征,为速滑运动员力量训练的检验和实施提供参考。方法:运用德国产Isomed 2000等速测试系统对张虹下肢三关节、屈伸两过程进行角速度为60°/s和180°/s的等速肌力测试。结果:1)相对于踝背屈肌群而言,张虹踝背伸肌群肌力发展更好;肌力比在30%左右,左右踝同名肌群肌力差异在10%以内,平均功率符合专项要求;2)伸膝肌群速度力量发展优异,肌力比在55%左右;左右膝同名肌群肌力差在10%以内,平均功率大,快速做功能力强;3)髋关节屈、伸肌速度力量发展均较好,肌力比在50%左右,左右髋同名肌群肌力差在10%以内;4)快速屈伸过程中,左右腿三关节峰力矩角对称,速度对峰力矩角影响较小;膝、踝关节峰力矩角符合专项特征;5)与同水平运动员相比,张虹下肢三关节速度力量优势明显,肌力比合理,左右腿肌力发展更均衡。
Objective: To study the characteristics of Zhang Hong lower limbs joints isokinetic muscle strength. Methods: Using German Isomed 2000 isokinetic test system testing flexion and extension process in Zhang's two lower limb joints at 60 °/s and the 180 °/s angular velocity. Results: 1) Compared to the ankle dorsiflexion muscle, Zhang's ankle back extensor muscle strength is better; H/Q keeps in 30% or so, the difference PT between the same muscle in two legs is within 10%, and AP meets the professional requirements; 2) the fast power of knee stretching muscle is excellent, H/Q keeps in 55% or so, the difference PT between the same muscle in two legs is within 10%,AP is great and fast work ability is prominent; 3) the fast power of hip flexor and extensor are highly developed,H/Q keeps in 50% or so,the difference PT between the same muscle in two legs is within 10%; 4) the AOPT of three joints in two legs are symmetry in fast action and less affected by the velocity; the AOPT in knee and ankle conforms to the professional requirements; 5) Compared with athletes of the same level,Zhang's fast power in lower limb joints is obviously advantageous,H/Q keeps reasonable,and the strength of two legs is more balanced.
Objective: To study the characteristics of Zhang Hong lower limbs joints isokinetic muscle strength. Methods: Using German Isomed 2000 isokinetic test system testing flexion and extension process in Zhang's two lower limb joints at 60 °/s and the 180 °/s angular velocity. Results: 1) Compared to the ankle dorsiflexion muscle, Zhang's ankle back extensor muscle strength is better; H/Q keeps in 30% or so, the difference PT between the same muscle in two legs is within 10%, and AP meets the professional requirements; 2) the fast power of knee stretching muscle is excellent, H/Q keeps in 55% or so, the difference PT between the same muscle in two legs is within 10%,AP is great and fast work ability is prominent; 3) the fast power of hip flexor and extensor are highly developed,H/Q keeps in 50% or so,the difference PT between the same muscle in two legs is within 10%; 4) the AOPT of three joints in two legs are symmetry in fast action and less affected by the velocity; the AOPT in knee and ankle conforms to the professional requirements; 5) Compared with athletes of the same level,Zhang's fast power in lower limb joints is obviously advantageous,H/Q keeps reasonable,and the strength of two legs is more balanced.
引文
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[2]De Koning JJ,De Groot G,Ingen Schenau GJ. Ice friction during speed skating[J]. Journal of Biomechanics,1992,25(6):565-571.
[3]夏娇阳,张颖,王新.优秀速度滑冰运动员下肢肌肉力量特征的力学分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2009,35(9):77-80.
[4]郭占久. 等速测试系统在体育中的应用研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2007,27(5):98-100.
[5]周爱国,闫龙超. 预负荷练习对肌肉力量的影响研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(6):115-118.
[6]陆爱发,戴军,刘善德. 青少年羽毛球运动员的下肢关节力量研究——非优势侧[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(7):132-138.
[7]Kanehisa H,Nemoto I,Fukunaga T. Strength capabilities of knee extensor muscles in junior speed skaters[J]. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness,2001,41(1):46-53.
[8]崔瑞华,包莺,傅毅. 等速肌力训练在膝关节损伤后功能恢复影响的研究[J]. 福建师范大学学报:自然科学版,2004,20(4):94-97.
[9]陶玉晶,张强,刘俊一. 国家短道速滑队主力队员膝、踝关节屈、伸肌群等速测试中专项力量的特征研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(5):381-384.
[10]李秋萍,佟永典,许晓娜. 我国速滑运动员膝关节肌群力特征研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2006,32(4):77-80.
[11]夏娇阳,张颖,张晓明. 优秀滑冰运动员膝关节肌力特征的比较研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,32(8):130-134.
[12]王清,李汀,魏星.肌肉力量测量方法[J].体育科学,1993,13(3):18-25.
[13]李寅,孙建华.由蹬冰技术浅谈克莱普新式冰刀的优点[J].冰雪运动,1998(2):56-58.
[14]杨树人,宋琳,陈文红,等.新式速滑冰刀性能及其新技术特征[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,1999,17(3):21-25.
[15]陈民盛,张云,覃晓红.Clap冰刀蹬冰技术动作原理的探讨[J]. 中国体育科技,2003,39(10):26-28.
[16]Houdijk,H.,de Koning,J.J.,de Groot,G.,Bobbert,M.F.,van IngenSchenau,G.J. Push of mechanics in speed skating with conventional skates and klapskates[J]. Medicine and Science in Sportsand Exercise,2000(32):635-641.
[17]De Koning,J.J.,de Groot,G.,van Ingen Schenau,G.J. From biomechanical theory to application in top sports:the Klapskate story[J]. Journal of Biomechanics ,2000(33):1225-1229.
[18]陈新.对我国优秀速滑运动员下肢关节伸屈肌群等速测试的个体研究与分析[J]. 沈阳体育学院学报,2006,25(1):54-58.
[19]姜迪,袁鹏,郭文俊. 女子短跑运动员力量特征的等速测试研究[J].体育与科学,2012,11(9):76-80.
[20]夏娇阳. 我国速度滑冰优秀男子运动员膝、踝关节肌力特征的比较研究[J].体育科学,2005,25(8):53-55.
[21]夏娇阳,王新. 优秀女子短道速度滑冰运动员下肢肌力特征及与500 m 成绩的回归分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2014,37(9):79-84.
[22]陈民盛,张强,覃晓虹.Clap式冰刀蹬冰动作特点对速滑专项力量训练的启示[J].天津体育学院学报,2004,19(2):15-17.
[23]张晓明,龙春生,夏娇阳. 对我国第九届冬运会男子短距离速度滑冰前四名运动员膝、踝关节肌力特征的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(2):213-215.
[24]侯广庆,邹晓峰,陈民盛. 滑行姿势和功率对速滑成绩的影响[J].体育学刊,2006,13(1):111-113.
[25]De Koning,J.J.,de Groot,G.,van Ingen Schenau,G.J. Coordination of Leg Muscles During Speed Skating[J]. J Biomechonics,1991,24(2):137-146.
[26]吴新炎,李芙蓉,陈月亮.女子短距离速滑途中滑髋关节伸肌肌电特征及对实践训练的启示[J].中国体育科技,2017,53(3):134-139.
[27]赵焕彬,王海涛,刘建国,崔景辉.男子短跑运动员上下肢关节力矩的研究[J].中国体育科技,2006,42(1):23-26.
[28]林嘉,陈小平. 肌电与足底压力同步测量在对我国优秀速滑运动员蹬冰单步周期研究中的应用[J].天津体育学院学报,2006,21(3):201-204.
[2]De Koning JJ,De Groot G,Ingen Schenau GJ. Ice friction during speed skating[J]. Journal of Biomechanics,1992,25(6):565-571.
[3]夏娇阳,张颖,王新.优秀速度滑冰运动员下肢肌肉力量特征的力学分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2009,35(9):77-80.
[4]郭占久. 等速测试系统在体育中的应用研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2007,27(5):98-100.
[5]周爱国,闫龙超. 预负荷练习对肌肉力量的影响研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(6):115-118.
[6]陆爱发,戴军,刘善德. 青少年羽毛球运动员的下肢关节力量研究——非优势侧[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(7):132-138.
[7]Kanehisa H,Nemoto I,Fukunaga T. Strength capabilities of knee extensor muscles in junior speed skaters[J]. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness,2001,41(1):46-53.
[8]崔瑞华,包莺,傅毅. 等速肌力训练在膝关节损伤后功能恢复影响的研究[J]. 福建师范大学学报:自然科学版,2004,20(4):94-97.
[9]陶玉晶,张强,刘俊一. 国家短道速滑队主力队员膝、踝关节屈、伸肌群等速测试中专项力量的特征研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(5):381-384.
[10]李秋萍,佟永典,许晓娜. 我国速滑运动员膝关节肌群力特征研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2006,32(4):77-80.
[11]夏娇阳,张颖,张晓明. 优秀滑冰运动员膝关节肌力特征的比较研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,32(8):130-134.
[12]王清,李汀,魏星.肌肉力量测量方法[J].体育科学,1993,13(3):18-25.
[13]李寅,孙建华.由蹬冰技术浅谈克莱普新式冰刀的优点[J].冰雪运动,1998(2):56-58.
[14]杨树人,宋琳,陈文红,等.新式速滑冰刀性能及其新技术特征[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,1999,17(3):21-25.
[15]陈民盛,张云,覃晓红.Clap冰刀蹬冰技术动作原理的探讨[J]. 中国体育科技,2003,39(10):26-28.
[16]Houdijk,H.,de Koning,J.J.,de Groot,G.,Bobbert,M.F.,van IngenSchenau,G.J. Push of mechanics in speed skating with conventional skates and klapskates[J]. Medicine and Science in Sportsand Exercise,2000(32):635-641.
[17]De Koning,J.J.,de Groot,G.,van Ingen Schenau,G.J. From biomechanical theory to application in top sports:the Klapskate story[J]. Journal of Biomechanics ,2000(33):1225-1229.
[18]陈新.对我国优秀速滑运动员下肢关节伸屈肌群等速测试的个体研究与分析[J]. 沈阳体育学院学报,2006,25(1):54-58.
[19]姜迪,袁鹏,郭文俊. 女子短跑运动员力量特征的等速测试研究[J].体育与科学,2012,11(9):76-80.
[20]夏娇阳. 我国速度滑冰优秀男子运动员膝、踝关节肌力特征的比较研究[J].体育科学,2005,25(8):53-55.
[21]夏娇阳,王新. 优秀女子短道速度滑冰运动员下肢肌力特征及与500 m 成绩的回归分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2014,37(9):79-84.
[22]陈民盛,张强,覃晓虹.Clap式冰刀蹬冰动作特点对速滑专项力量训练的启示[J].天津体育学院学报,2004,19(2):15-17.
[23]张晓明,龙春生,夏娇阳. 对我国第九届冬运会男子短距离速度滑冰前四名运动员膝、踝关节肌力特征的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(2):213-215.
[24]侯广庆,邹晓峰,陈民盛. 滑行姿势和功率对速滑成绩的影响[J].体育学刊,2006,13(1):111-113.
[25]De Koning,J.J.,de Groot,G.,van Ingen Schenau,G.J. Coordination of Leg Muscles During Speed Skating[J]. J Biomechonics,1991,24(2):137-146.
[26]吴新炎,李芙蓉,陈月亮.女子短距离速滑途中滑髋关节伸肌肌电特征及对实践训练的启示[J].中国体育科技,2017,53(3):134-139.
[27]赵焕彬,王海涛,刘建国,崔景辉.男子短跑运动员上下肢关节力矩的研究[J].中国体育科技,2006,42(1):23-26.
[28]林嘉,陈小平. 肌电与足底压力同步测量在对我国优秀速滑运动员蹬冰单步周期研究中的应用[J].天津体育学院学报,2006,21(3):201-204.
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