重庆南川三泉奥陶系宝塔组碳同位素特征及地层对比
|
摘要
对重庆市南川区三泉镇宝塔组进行连续而高密度的碳、氧同位素和牙形刺采样与分析。分析结果显示,碳同位素值及曲线形态与晚奥陶世凯迪期碳同位素正漂移事件Gutternberg Inorganic Carbon Excursion (GICE)一致,并显示出的三个次级峰值。宝塔组自下而上发育牙形刺:Protopangerodus insculptus带和Hamarodus brevirameus带。通过与四川盆地及周缘地区其他剖面宝塔组碳同位素曲线的对比,发现GICE事件在不同剖面发育程度不完全一致,南部发育较北部更全,宝塔组起始沉积时间有差异。通过与湖北、安徽、塔里木盆地、北美和瑞典地区的对比,认为中扬子地区宝塔组可能发育不完全;塔里木盆地其浪组与四川盆地宝塔组可对比;再次证实GICE事件具有全球性属性,其多次波动的特征可能与地球古海洋环境变化和奥陶纪生物大辐射有密切关系。
Continuous and high density δ13 C and δ18 O isotope and conodonts samples have been collected from the Pagoda Formation at the Sanquan section, Nanchuan, Chongqing, China. The results showed that the carbon isotope curve was consistent with global carbon excursion event Gutternberg Inorganic Carbon Excursion(GICE) in Late Ordovician Katian Stage and its three signal peaks. Two conodonts zones Hamarodus brevirameus zone and Protopangerodus insculptus zone from the bottom to the top have been identified in the Pagoda Formation. Carbon isotope characteristics of other sections in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent area were used to correlate with Sanquan section. It is achieved that the growth level of GICE is different in this area.The South developed more completely than the North and the Pagoda Formation started to deposit at different times. Furthermore, Hubei, Anhui, Tarim Basin, North America and Sweden were used to correlate with Sanquan section as well. It is obtained that the Pagoda Formation probably does not develop completely in Middle Yangtze region and Qilang Formation in Tarim Basin is comparable with Pagoda Formation. GICE is a global event and the fluctuation is closely related to paleoceanic environment change and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event(GOBE).
Continuous and high density δ13 C and δ18 O isotope and conodonts samples have been collected from the Pagoda Formation at the Sanquan section, Nanchuan, Chongqing, China. The results showed that the carbon isotope curve was consistent with global carbon excursion event Gutternberg Inorganic Carbon Excursion(GICE) in Late Ordovician Katian Stage and its three signal peaks. Two conodonts zones Hamarodus brevirameus zone and Protopangerodus insculptus zone from the bottom to the top have been identified in the Pagoda Formation. Carbon isotope characteristics of other sections in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent area were used to correlate with Sanquan section. It is achieved that the growth level of GICE is different in this area.The South developed more completely than the North and the Pagoda Formation started to deposit at different times. Furthermore, Hubei, Anhui, Tarim Basin, North America and Sweden were used to correlate with Sanquan section as well. It is obtained that the Pagoda Formation probably does not develop completely in Middle Yangtze region and Qilang Formation in Tarim Basin is comparable with Pagoda Formation. GICE is a global event and the fluctuation is closely related to paleoceanic environment change and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event(GOBE).
引文
安太庠,张安泰,徐建民.1985.陕西耀县、富平奥陶系牙形石及其地层意义.地质学报,2:97-108.
安太庠.1987.中国南部早古生代牙形石.北京:北京大学出版社.1-238.
陈英华.1983.中国地质科学院562综合大队集刊.北京:地质出版社.137-148.
陈英华,姬再良.1986.陕西南郑梁山宝塔组的牙形刺及其时代.中国地质科学院562综合大队集刊.北京:地质出版社.91-97.
陈旭,丘金玉.1986.宜昌奥陶纪的古环境演变.地层学杂志,10(1):4-18.
方翔,张允白,陈挺恩,张元动.2015.论中华震旦角石(Sinoceras chinense)的鉴别特征.古生物学报,54(1):84-92.
方少仙,侯方浩,兰贵,邓明.1994.川黔地区中奥陶统宝塔组灰岩中“马蹄纹”构造的成因及含油气性.南方油气地质,1:36-40.
樊茹,邓胜徽,张学磊.2010.碳酸盐岩碳同位素地层学研究中数据的有效性.地层学杂志,34(4):445-451.
樊茹,邓胜徽,张学磊.2011.寒武系碳同位素漂移事件的全球对比性分析.中国科学:地球科学,41(12):1829-1839.
樊茹,卢远征,张学磊,张师本,王志浩,李鑫,邓胜徽,张放.2015.贵州习水奥陶系牙形石生物地层.地层学杂志,39(1):15-32.
禚喜准,陈骁帅,张林炎,崔建军,熊辉.2017.中国南方宝塔组灰岩的岩石学特征及其对“龟裂纹”成因的指示--以贵州桐梓县红花园乡宝塔组灰岩为例.地球学报,38(6):872-882.
黄思静,黄可可,钟怡江,李小宁,毛晓冬,胡作维,刘四兵,张萌,武文慧.2017.四川广安龙门峡南剖面下三叠统海相碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成与对比.中国科学:地球科学,47(1):57-71.
姬再良.1986.中国南部上奥陶统宝塔组的三叶虫.地层古生物论文集,2:1-39.
李天生.1989.四川盆地宝塔组(O2-3)储集性和油气远景.海相沉积区油气地质,1:63-70.
刘伟,洪海涛,徐安娜,姜华,石书缘.2017.四川盆地奥陶系岩相古地理与勘探潜力.海相油气地质,22(4):1-10.
穆恩之,朱兆玲,陈均远.1978.四川长宁双河附近奥陶纪地层.地层学杂志,2(2):105-121.
庞飞.2017.贵州六盘水煤系气综合调查获重大突破.中国国土资源报,2017-07-25(005).
邱洪荣.1989.广元、宁强奥陶系宝塔组的时代问题.中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,2:75-96.
沈建伟.1989.贵州及邻区宝塔组灰岩成因的新观察.贵州地质,6(1):35-38.
盛莘夫,姬再良.1984.论宝塔组的沉积环境及时代.中国地质,(11):31-32.
盛莘夫,姬再良.1986.论宝塔组的时代.地层古生物论文集,3:1-36.
应中锷.1989.安徽贵池早奥陶世晚期及中奥陶世的头足类.古生物学报,28(5):617-633,700-704.
王志浩,祁玉平,吴荣昌.2011.中国寒武纪和奥陶纪牙形刺.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.1-388.
王志浩,甄勇毅,马譞,张元动.2017.重庆石柱漆辽地区中、上奥陶统牙形刺序列--揭示达瑞威尔阶下部至桑比阶之间的沉积间断.古生物学报,56(1):37-53.
王志浩,甄勇毅,马譞,张元动.2018.湖北宜昌真金和陈家河奥陶系牯牛潭组至宝塔组的牙形刺及其地层意义.微体古生物学报,35(1):13-29.
王安东,周瑶琪,仲岩磊,段竟,王子阳,张振凯.2012.陕南奥陶系宝塔组灰岩网状裂缝成因.地球科学(中国地质大学学报),37(4):843-850.
汪啸风,陈孝红,李志明,陈建强,苏文博.1996.华南早奥陶世海平面变化及其对比.华南地质与矿产,(3):1-11.
许效松,万方,尹福光,陈明.2001.奥陶系宝塔组灰岩的环境相、生态相与成岩相.矿物岩石,21(3):64-68.
袁凤钿,马莉霞.1993.陕西梁山地区宝塔组介形类.微体古生物学报,10(2):223-235.
周志强,周志毅,袁文伟.1999.扬子区奥陶纪宝塔组的划分.地层学杂志,23(4):283-286.
周志强,周志毅,袁文伟.2000.上扬子区西北缘米仓山地区卡拉道克中期的三叶虫相.地层学杂志,24(4):264-274.
周志强,周志毅,项礼文.2016.中国扬子陆块中、西部奥陶系宝塔组三叶虫动物群.北京:地质出版社.1-422.
周传明,薛耀松.2000.湘鄂西奥陶纪宝塔组灰岩网纹构造成因及沉积环境探讨.地层学杂志,24(4):307-309.
赵平平,江茂生,李任伟.2016.扬子地区中-晚奥陶世转折期的碳同位素漂移事件及其成因探讨.沉积学报,34(6):1021-1031.
翟刚毅,包书景,庞飞,任收麦,赵福平,张福,周志,王都乐.2016.武陵山复杂构造区古生界海相油气实现重大突破.地球学报,37(6):657-662+795.
翟刚毅,包书景,庞飞,任收麦,陈科,王玉芳,周志,王胜建.2017.贵州遵义地区安场向斜“四层楼”页岩油气成藏模式研究.中国地质,44(1):1-12.
张卿,黄仁春,朱祥.2013.四川盆地北缘奥陶系宝塔组灰岩网纹构造特征及油气输导作用.石油天然气学报,35(11):31-75.
张元动,詹仁斌,樊隽轩,成俊峰,刘晓.2009.奥陶纪生物大辐射研究的关键科学问题.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),39(2):129-143.
张琳娜,樊隽轩,侯旭东,孙宗元,陈清.2016.地层数据的常用空间插值方法介绍和比较分析--以上扬子区宝塔组厚度重建为例.地层学杂志,40(4):420-428.
Anderson T F&Arthur M A.1983.Stable isotopes of Oxygen and Carbon and their application to sedimentology and palaeoenvironmental problems.Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Short Course 10:155.
Ainsaar L,Kaljo D,Martma T,Meidla T,M?nnik P,N?lvak J&Tinn O.2010.Middle and Upper Ordovician Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy in Baltoscandia:A correlation standard and clues to environmental history.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,294:189-201.
Bathurst R G C.1972.Carbonate sediments and their diagenesis.Development in Sedimentology,12(1):1-658.
Bergstr?m S M,Xu Chen,Schmitz B,Young S,Rong J Y&Saltzman MR.2009.First documentation of the Ordovician Guttenbergδ13 Cexcursion(GICE)in Asia:chemostratigraphy of the Pagoda and Yanwashan Formations in southeastern China.Geological Magazine,146(1):1-11.
Brand U&Veizer J.1980.Chemical Diagenesis of a Multicomponent Carbonate System-1:Trace Elements.Journal of Sedimental Petroleum,50:1219-1236.
Brasier M D,Magaritz M M,Corfield R,Luo H L,Wu X C,Ouyang L,Jiang Z W,Hamdi B,He T G&Fraser A G.1990.The Carbon and Oxygen-isotope record of the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary interval in China and Iran and their correlation.Geological Magazine,127(4):319-332.
Brasier M D,Shields G,Kuleshov V N&Zhegallo E A.1996.Integrated chemo and biostratigraphyic calibration of early animal evolution:Neoproterozoic early Cambrian of Southwest Mongolia.Geological Magazine,133:445-85.
Dilliard K A.2007.Stable isotope geochemistry of the Lower Cambrian Sekwi Formation,Northwest Territories,Cananda:implications for Ocean chemistry and secular curve generation.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,256:174-194.
Fan R,Bergstr?em S M&Lu Y Z.2015.Upper Ordovician Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy on the Yangtze Platform,southwestern China:implications for the Correlation of the Guttenberg Selta C-13Excursion(GICE)and Paleoceanic Change.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,433:81-90.
Finney S C&Berry W B N.2010.The Ordovician Earth System.Geological Society of America,1-466.
Glumac B&Spivak-Birndord M L.2002.Stable Isotope of Carbon as an invaluable stratigraphic tool:an example from the Cambrian of the Northern Appalachians,USA.Geology,30(6):563-566.
Kaufman A J&Knoll A H.1995.Neoproterozoic variations in the C-isotopic composition of seawater:stratigraphy and biogeochemical implications.Precambrain Research,73:27-49.
Li D,Ling H F,Jiang S Y,Pan J Y,Chen Y Q,Cai Y F&Feng H Z.2009.New Carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary interval from SW China:implications for global correlation.Geological Magazine,146(4):465-484.
Ma X,Wang Z H,Zhang Y D,Song Y Y&Fang X.2015.Carbon isotope records of the Middle-Upper Ordovician transition in Yichang area.South China.Palaeoworld.24(1-2):136-148.
Munnecke A,Calner M,Harper D A T&Servais T.2010.Ordovician and Silurian sea-water chemistry,sea level,and climate:a synopsis.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,296(3-4):389-413.
Pohl A,Donnadieu Y&Hir G L.2014.Effect of the Ordovician paleogeography on the(in)stability of the climate.Climate of the Past,10:2053-2066.
Wotte T,Alvaro J J,Shields G A,Brown B,Brasier M D&Veizer J.2007.C-,O-and Sr-isotope stratigraphy across the Lower-Middle Cambrian Transition of the Cantabrian Zone(Spain)and the Montagne Noire(France),West Gondwana.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,256:47-70.
Young S A,Saltzman M R&Bergstr?m S M.2005.Upper Ordovician(Mohawkian)Carbon Isotope(δ13)Stratigraphy in Eastern and Central North America:Regional Expression of a Perturbation of the Global Carbon Cycle.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,222:53-76.
Young S A,Saltzman M R,Bergstr?m S M,Leslie S A&Xu C.2008.Pairedδ13 Ccarb andδ13 Corg records of Upper Ordovician(Sandbian-Katian)carbonates in North America and China:implications for paleoceanographic change.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,270(1-2):166-178.
Zhang Y D&Munnecke A.2016.Ordovician stable carbon isotope stratigraphy in the Tarim Basin,NW China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,458:154-175.
Zhang T G,Shen Y N&Algeo T J.2010.High-resolution carbon isotopic records from the Ordovician of South China:links to climatic cooling and the Great Ordovician Biodiversi?cation Event(GOBE).Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,289:102-112.
Zhu M Y,Zhang J M,Li G X&Yang A H.2004.Evolution of C isotopes in the Cambrian of China:implications for Cambrian subdivision and trilobite mass extinctions.Geobios,37:287-301.
安太庠.1987.中国南部早古生代牙形石.北京:北京大学出版社.1-238.
陈英华.1983.中国地质科学院562综合大队集刊.北京:地质出版社.137-148.
陈英华,姬再良.1986.陕西南郑梁山宝塔组的牙形刺及其时代.中国地质科学院562综合大队集刊.北京:地质出版社.91-97.
陈旭,丘金玉.1986.宜昌奥陶纪的古环境演变.地层学杂志,10(1):4-18.
方翔,张允白,陈挺恩,张元动.2015.论中华震旦角石(Sinoceras chinense)的鉴别特征.古生物学报,54(1):84-92.
方少仙,侯方浩,兰贵,邓明.1994.川黔地区中奥陶统宝塔组灰岩中“马蹄纹”构造的成因及含油气性.南方油气地质,1:36-40.
樊茹,邓胜徽,张学磊.2010.碳酸盐岩碳同位素地层学研究中数据的有效性.地层学杂志,34(4):445-451.
樊茹,邓胜徽,张学磊.2011.寒武系碳同位素漂移事件的全球对比性分析.中国科学:地球科学,41(12):1829-1839.
樊茹,卢远征,张学磊,张师本,王志浩,李鑫,邓胜徽,张放.2015.贵州习水奥陶系牙形石生物地层.地层学杂志,39(1):15-32.
禚喜准,陈骁帅,张林炎,崔建军,熊辉.2017.中国南方宝塔组灰岩的岩石学特征及其对“龟裂纹”成因的指示--以贵州桐梓县红花园乡宝塔组灰岩为例.地球学报,38(6):872-882.
黄思静,黄可可,钟怡江,李小宁,毛晓冬,胡作维,刘四兵,张萌,武文慧.2017.四川广安龙门峡南剖面下三叠统海相碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成与对比.中国科学:地球科学,47(1):57-71.
姬再良.1986.中国南部上奥陶统宝塔组的三叶虫.地层古生物论文集,2:1-39.
李天生.1989.四川盆地宝塔组(O2-3)储集性和油气远景.海相沉积区油气地质,1:63-70.
刘伟,洪海涛,徐安娜,姜华,石书缘.2017.四川盆地奥陶系岩相古地理与勘探潜力.海相油气地质,22(4):1-10.
穆恩之,朱兆玲,陈均远.1978.四川长宁双河附近奥陶纪地层.地层学杂志,2(2):105-121.
庞飞.2017.贵州六盘水煤系气综合调查获重大突破.中国国土资源报,2017-07-25(005).
邱洪荣.1989.广元、宁强奥陶系宝塔组的时代问题.中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,2:75-96.
沈建伟.1989.贵州及邻区宝塔组灰岩成因的新观察.贵州地质,6(1):35-38.
盛莘夫,姬再良.1984.论宝塔组的沉积环境及时代.中国地质,(11):31-32.
盛莘夫,姬再良.1986.论宝塔组的时代.地层古生物论文集,3:1-36.
应中锷.1989.安徽贵池早奥陶世晚期及中奥陶世的头足类.古生物学报,28(5):617-633,700-704.
王志浩,祁玉平,吴荣昌.2011.中国寒武纪和奥陶纪牙形刺.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.1-388.
王志浩,甄勇毅,马譞,张元动.2017.重庆石柱漆辽地区中、上奥陶统牙形刺序列--揭示达瑞威尔阶下部至桑比阶之间的沉积间断.古生物学报,56(1):37-53.
王志浩,甄勇毅,马譞,张元动.2018.湖北宜昌真金和陈家河奥陶系牯牛潭组至宝塔组的牙形刺及其地层意义.微体古生物学报,35(1):13-29.
王安东,周瑶琪,仲岩磊,段竟,王子阳,张振凯.2012.陕南奥陶系宝塔组灰岩网状裂缝成因.地球科学(中国地质大学学报),37(4):843-850.
汪啸风,陈孝红,李志明,陈建强,苏文博.1996.华南早奥陶世海平面变化及其对比.华南地质与矿产,(3):1-11.
许效松,万方,尹福光,陈明.2001.奥陶系宝塔组灰岩的环境相、生态相与成岩相.矿物岩石,21(3):64-68.
袁凤钿,马莉霞.1993.陕西梁山地区宝塔组介形类.微体古生物学报,10(2):223-235.
周志强,周志毅,袁文伟.1999.扬子区奥陶纪宝塔组的划分.地层学杂志,23(4):283-286.
周志强,周志毅,袁文伟.2000.上扬子区西北缘米仓山地区卡拉道克中期的三叶虫相.地层学杂志,24(4):264-274.
周志强,周志毅,项礼文.2016.中国扬子陆块中、西部奥陶系宝塔组三叶虫动物群.北京:地质出版社.1-422.
周传明,薛耀松.2000.湘鄂西奥陶纪宝塔组灰岩网纹构造成因及沉积环境探讨.地层学杂志,24(4):307-309.
赵平平,江茂生,李任伟.2016.扬子地区中-晚奥陶世转折期的碳同位素漂移事件及其成因探讨.沉积学报,34(6):1021-1031.
翟刚毅,包书景,庞飞,任收麦,赵福平,张福,周志,王都乐.2016.武陵山复杂构造区古生界海相油气实现重大突破.地球学报,37(6):657-662+795.
翟刚毅,包书景,庞飞,任收麦,陈科,王玉芳,周志,王胜建.2017.贵州遵义地区安场向斜“四层楼”页岩油气成藏模式研究.中国地质,44(1):1-12.
张卿,黄仁春,朱祥.2013.四川盆地北缘奥陶系宝塔组灰岩网纹构造特征及油气输导作用.石油天然气学报,35(11):31-75.
张元动,詹仁斌,樊隽轩,成俊峰,刘晓.2009.奥陶纪生物大辐射研究的关键科学问题.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),39(2):129-143.
张琳娜,樊隽轩,侯旭东,孙宗元,陈清.2016.地层数据的常用空间插值方法介绍和比较分析--以上扬子区宝塔组厚度重建为例.地层学杂志,40(4):420-428.
Anderson T F&Arthur M A.1983.Stable isotopes of Oxygen and Carbon and their application to sedimentology and palaeoenvironmental problems.Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Short Course 10:155.
Ainsaar L,Kaljo D,Martma T,Meidla T,M?nnik P,N?lvak J&Tinn O.2010.Middle and Upper Ordovician Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy in Baltoscandia:A correlation standard and clues to environmental history.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,294:189-201.
Bathurst R G C.1972.Carbonate sediments and their diagenesis.Development in Sedimentology,12(1):1-658.
Bergstr?m S M,Xu Chen,Schmitz B,Young S,Rong J Y&Saltzman MR.2009.First documentation of the Ordovician Guttenbergδ13 Cexcursion(GICE)in Asia:chemostratigraphy of the Pagoda and Yanwashan Formations in southeastern China.Geological Magazine,146(1):1-11.
Brand U&Veizer J.1980.Chemical Diagenesis of a Multicomponent Carbonate System-1:Trace Elements.Journal of Sedimental Petroleum,50:1219-1236.
Brasier M D,Magaritz M M,Corfield R,Luo H L,Wu X C,Ouyang L,Jiang Z W,Hamdi B,He T G&Fraser A G.1990.The Carbon and Oxygen-isotope record of the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary interval in China and Iran and their correlation.Geological Magazine,127(4):319-332.
Brasier M D,Shields G,Kuleshov V N&Zhegallo E A.1996.Integrated chemo and biostratigraphyic calibration of early animal evolution:Neoproterozoic early Cambrian of Southwest Mongolia.Geological Magazine,133:445-85.
Dilliard K A.2007.Stable isotope geochemistry of the Lower Cambrian Sekwi Formation,Northwest Territories,Cananda:implications for Ocean chemistry and secular curve generation.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,256:174-194.
Fan R,Bergstr?em S M&Lu Y Z.2015.Upper Ordovician Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy on the Yangtze Platform,southwestern China:implications for the Correlation of the Guttenberg Selta C-13Excursion(GICE)and Paleoceanic Change.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,433:81-90.
Finney S C&Berry W B N.2010.The Ordovician Earth System.Geological Society of America,1-466.
Glumac B&Spivak-Birndord M L.2002.Stable Isotope of Carbon as an invaluable stratigraphic tool:an example from the Cambrian of the Northern Appalachians,USA.Geology,30(6):563-566.
Kaufman A J&Knoll A H.1995.Neoproterozoic variations in the C-isotopic composition of seawater:stratigraphy and biogeochemical implications.Precambrain Research,73:27-49.
Li D,Ling H F,Jiang S Y,Pan J Y,Chen Y Q,Cai Y F&Feng H Z.2009.New Carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary interval from SW China:implications for global correlation.Geological Magazine,146(4):465-484.
Ma X,Wang Z H,Zhang Y D,Song Y Y&Fang X.2015.Carbon isotope records of the Middle-Upper Ordovician transition in Yichang area.South China.Palaeoworld.24(1-2):136-148.
Munnecke A,Calner M,Harper D A T&Servais T.2010.Ordovician and Silurian sea-water chemistry,sea level,and climate:a synopsis.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,296(3-4):389-413.
Pohl A,Donnadieu Y&Hir G L.2014.Effect of the Ordovician paleogeography on the(in)stability of the climate.Climate of the Past,10:2053-2066.
Wotte T,Alvaro J J,Shields G A,Brown B,Brasier M D&Veizer J.2007.C-,O-and Sr-isotope stratigraphy across the Lower-Middle Cambrian Transition of the Cantabrian Zone(Spain)and the Montagne Noire(France),West Gondwana.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,256:47-70.
Young S A,Saltzman M R&Bergstr?m S M.2005.Upper Ordovician(Mohawkian)Carbon Isotope(δ13)Stratigraphy in Eastern and Central North America:Regional Expression of a Perturbation of the Global Carbon Cycle.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,222:53-76.
Young S A,Saltzman M R,Bergstr?m S M,Leslie S A&Xu C.2008.Pairedδ13 Ccarb andδ13 Corg records of Upper Ordovician(Sandbian-Katian)carbonates in North America and China:implications for paleoceanographic change.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,270(1-2):166-178.
Zhang Y D&Munnecke A.2016.Ordovician stable carbon isotope stratigraphy in the Tarim Basin,NW China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,458:154-175.
Zhang T G,Shen Y N&Algeo T J.2010.High-resolution carbon isotopic records from the Ordovician of South China:links to climatic cooling and the Great Ordovician Biodiversi?cation Event(GOBE).Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,289:102-112.
Zhu M Y,Zhang J M,Li G X&Yang A H.2004.Evolution of C isotopes in the Cambrian of China:implications for Cambrian subdivision and trilobite mass extinctions.Geobios,37:287-301.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |