乡村地域多体系统识别方法及应用研究
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摘要
乡村与城市相互依赖、相互补充,共同构成了城乡人地关系地域系统。针对我国目前城乡发展面临的诸多挑战,着眼于乡村振兴战略需求和地理学服务国家战略的需要,亟需构建乡村多体系统的识别方法体系,加快城乡基础网、乡村发展区、村镇空间场、乡村振兴极等多级目标体系建设。本文依托城乡融合系统和乡村地域系统理论,尝试构建城乡融合体、乡村综合体、村镇有机体、居业协同体乡村地域多体系统的识别方法体系。其中,城乡融合系统指标体系涵盖经济发展、社会发展、环境发展、基础设施4个方面,乡村地域系统指标体系涵盖人口、社会、经济、资源、环境5个子系统。进一步通过均方差决策法、多目标加权求和模型、耦合协调模型等研究方法,识别出城乡融合体、乡村综合体、村镇有机体和居业协同体。以宁夏盐池县为案例区,实证研究表明,分析结果基本能反映不同乡镇、行政村的发展特征和定位。区别于以往研究侧重城镇体系等级结构,本研究提供了乡村地域系统内部等级差异的识别方法,对县域乡村振兴规划实践具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。
Cities and villages are interdependent and complementary, both of which constitute the urban-rural man-earth regional system. However, the urban-rural development in China has faced various challenges. Aiming at the national strategy of rural revitalization, we think it necessary to construct rural regional multi-body system including urban-rural integration, rural complex, village-town organism, and housing-industry symbiosis and rural multi-level goal system including urban-rural infrastructure networks, zones of rural development, fields of village-town space and poles of rural revitalization. This study proposed an identification method of rural regional multi-body system, based on the theory of urban-rural integration system and rural regional system. The index system of urban-rural integration system included four dimensions of economic, social, environmental, and infrastructural development, and the index system of rural regional system included five sub-systems of population, society,economy, resource, and environment. Then, based on means square deviation method, multiobjective weighted sum model, and coupling coordination model, the rural multi-body system including urban-rural integration, rural complex, village-town organism, and housing-industry symbiosis can be identified. Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia as a case study, we applied our proposed identification method. It was found that compared with other regions of Ningxia, the overall urban-rural integration level of Yanchi County was relatively high, but its urban-rural integration level in the aspects of social and infrastructure development was relatively low.Meanwhile, the area of Yanchi County can be divided into different rural development regions,i.e. agricultural region, industrial region, commercial region, and ecological region. In addition,the towns and villages with high rural regional comprehensive development level and housingindustry coordination level were identified as village-town organism and housing-industry symbiosis, respectively. The empirical results showed that the analysis can basically reflect the development characteristics and orientation of different towns and villages. Different from previous research focusing on the hierarchical structure of urban system, this study provides a method to analyze the hierarchical differences within the rural regional system, which has certain reference value to guide the rural revitalization practices at the county level.
Cities and villages are interdependent and complementary, both of which constitute the urban-rural man-earth regional system. However, the urban-rural development in China has faced various challenges. Aiming at the national strategy of rural revitalization, we think it necessary to construct rural regional multi-body system including urban-rural integration, rural complex, village-town organism, and housing-industry symbiosis and rural multi-level goal system including urban-rural infrastructure networks, zones of rural development, fields of village-town space and poles of rural revitalization. This study proposed an identification method of rural regional multi-body system, based on the theory of urban-rural integration system and rural regional system. The index system of urban-rural integration system included four dimensions of economic, social, environmental, and infrastructural development, and the index system of rural regional system included five sub-systems of population, society,economy, resource, and environment. Then, based on means square deviation method, multiobjective weighted sum model, and coupling coordination model, the rural multi-body system including urban-rural integration, rural complex, village-town organism, and housing-industry symbiosis can be identified. Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia as a case study, we applied our proposed identification method. It was found that compared with other regions of Ningxia, the overall urban-rural integration level of Yanchi County was relatively high, but its urban-rural integration level in the aspects of social and infrastructure development was relatively low.Meanwhile, the area of Yanchi County can be divided into different rural development regions,i.e. agricultural region, industrial region, commercial region, and ecological region. In addition,the towns and villages with high rural regional comprehensive development level and housingindustry coordination level were identified as village-town organism and housing-industry symbiosis, respectively. The empirical results showed that the analysis can basically reflect the development characteristics and orientation of different towns and villages. Different from previous research focusing on the hierarchical structure of urban system, this study provides a method to analyze the hierarchical differences within the rural regional system, which has certain reference value to guide the rural revitalization practices at the county level.
引文
[1]张富刚,刘彦随.中国区域农村发展动力机制及其发展模式.地理学报,2008,63(2):115-122.[Zhang Fugang,Liu Yansui.Dynamical mechanism and development model of regional rural development in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2008,63(2):115-122.]
[2]Liu Y,Li Y.Revitalize the world’s countryside.Nature,2017,548(7667):275-277.
[3]刘彦随.中国东部沿海地区乡村转型发展与新农村建设.地理学报,2007,62(6):563-570.[Liu Yansui.Rural transformation and development and new rural construction in coastal areas of eastern China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(6):563-570.]
[4]龙花楼,李裕瑞,刘彦随.中国空心化村庄演化特征及其动力机制.地理学报,2009,64(10):1203-12.[Long Hualou,Li Yurui,Liu Yansui.Evolution characteristics and dynamic mechanism of hollow villages in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(10):1203-12.]
[5]陈锡文.关于农村土地制度改革的两点思考.经济研究,2014,(1):6-8.[Chen Xiwen.Two thoughts on the reform of rural land system.Economic Research,2014,(1):6-8.]
[6]龙花楼,邹健,李婷婷,等.乡村转型发展特征评价及地域类型划分:以“苏南-陕北”样带为例.地理研究,2012,31(3):495-506.[Long Hualou,Zou Jian,Li Tingting,et al.Evaluation of the characteristics of rural transformation and development and division of regional types:a case study of the"southern Jiangsu-northern Shaanxi"transect.Geographical Researh,2012,31(3):495-506.]
[7]吴传钧.论地理学的研究核心:人地关系地域系统.经济地理,1991,11(3):1-6.[Wu Chuanjun.The core of study of geography:Man-land relationship areal system.Economic Geography,1991,11(3):1-6.]
[8]陆大道.关于“点-轴”空间结构系统的形成机理分析.地理科学,2002,22(1):1-6.[Lu Dadao.Formation and dynamics of the"Pole-Axis"spatial system.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(1):1-6.]
[9]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.[Liu Yansui.Research on the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(4):637-650.]
[10]Liu Y,Chen C,Li Y.Differentiation regularity of urban-rural equalized development at prefecture-level city in China.Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(9):1075-1088.
[11]Liu Y,Lu S,Chen Y.Spatio-temporal change of urban-rural equalized development patterns in China and its driving factors.Journal of Rural Studies,2013,32:320-330.
[12]王艳飞,刘彦随,严镔,等.中国城乡协调发展格局特征及影响因素.地理科学,2016,36(1):20-28.[Wang Yanfei,Liu Yansui,Yan Bin,et al.Spatial patterns and influencing factors of urban-rural coordinated development in China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(1):20-28.]
[13]车冰清,陆玉麒,王毅.江苏省城乡空间融合的形态演化研究.长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(7):1022-1031.[Che Bingqing,Lu Yuqian,Wang Yi.Study on the morphological evolution of urban-rural spatial integration in Jiangsu Province.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze River Basin,2017,26(7):1022-1031]
[14]修春亮,许大明,祝翔凌.东北地区城乡一体化进程评估.地理科学,2004,24(3):320-325.[Xiu Chunliang,Xu Daming,Zhu Xiangling.Evaluation of the process of urban-rural integration in Northeast China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(3):320-325.]
[15]曾磊,雷军,鲁奇.我国城乡关联度评价指标体系构建及区域比较分析.地理研究,2002,21(6):763-771.[Zeng Lei,Lei Jun,Lu Qi.Establishment of evaluation index system of urban-rural relevance degree in China and regional comparative analysis.Geographical Research,2002,21(6):763-771]
[16]Long H,Zou J,Pykett J,et al.Analysis of rural transformation development in China since the turn of the new millennium.Applied Geography,2011,31(3):1094-1105.
[17]Li Y,Li Y,Westlund H,et al.Urban-rural transformation in relation to cultivated land conversion in China:Implications for optimizing land use and balanced regional development.Land Use Policy,2015,47:218-224.
[18]龙花楼,屠爽爽.论乡村重构.地理学报,2017,72(4):563-576.[Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang.Rural restructuring:Theory,approach and research prospect.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(4):563-576.]
[19]冯健,赵楠.空心村背景下乡村公共空间发展特征与重构策略:以邓州市桑庄镇为例.人文地理,2016,31(6):19-28.[Feng Jian,Zhao Nan.Restructuring the rural public space in the context of rural hollowing:A case study of Sangzhuang Town in Dengzhou.Human Geography,2016,31(6):19-28.]
[20]刘彦随,陈聪,李玉恒.中国新型城镇化村镇建设格局研究.地域研究与开发,2014,33(6):1-6.[Liu Yansui,Chen Cong,Li Yuheng.The town-villages construction pattern under new-type urbanization in China.Areal Research and Development,2014,33(6):1-6.]
[21]张小林.乡村概念辨析.地理学报,1998,53(4):365-371.[Zhang Xiaolin.Discrimination of rural concepts.Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,53(4):365-371.]
[22]刘自强,李静,鲁奇.乡村空间地域系统的功能多元化与新农村发展模式.农业现代化研究,2008,29(5):532-536.[Liu Ziqiang,Li Jing,Lu Qi.Functional diversification of rural space regional system and new rural development model.Agricultural Modernization Research,2008,29(5):532-536.]
[23]李裕瑞,王婧,刘彦随,等.中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素.地理学报,2014,69(2):199-212.[Li Yurui,Wang Jing,Liu Yansui,et al.Spatial pattern and influencing factors of the coordination development of industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization in China:A prefecture level exploratory spatial data analysis.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(2):199-212.]
[2]Liu Y,Li Y.Revitalize the world’s countryside.Nature,2017,548(7667):275-277.
[3]刘彦随.中国东部沿海地区乡村转型发展与新农村建设.地理学报,2007,62(6):563-570.[Liu Yansui.Rural transformation and development and new rural construction in coastal areas of eastern China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(6):563-570.]
[4]龙花楼,李裕瑞,刘彦随.中国空心化村庄演化特征及其动力机制.地理学报,2009,64(10):1203-12.[Long Hualou,Li Yurui,Liu Yansui.Evolution characteristics and dynamic mechanism of hollow villages in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(10):1203-12.]
[5]陈锡文.关于农村土地制度改革的两点思考.经济研究,2014,(1):6-8.[Chen Xiwen.Two thoughts on the reform of rural land system.Economic Research,2014,(1):6-8.]
[6]龙花楼,邹健,李婷婷,等.乡村转型发展特征评价及地域类型划分:以“苏南-陕北”样带为例.地理研究,2012,31(3):495-506.[Long Hualou,Zou Jian,Li Tingting,et al.Evaluation of the characteristics of rural transformation and development and division of regional types:a case study of the"southern Jiangsu-northern Shaanxi"transect.Geographical Researh,2012,31(3):495-506.]
[7]吴传钧.论地理学的研究核心:人地关系地域系统.经济地理,1991,11(3):1-6.[Wu Chuanjun.The core of study of geography:Man-land relationship areal system.Economic Geography,1991,11(3):1-6.]
[8]陆大道.关于“点-轴”空间结构系统的形成机理分析.地理科学,2002,22(1):1-6.[Lu Dadao.Formation and dynamics of the"Pole-Axis"spatial system.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(1):1-6.]
[9]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.[Liu Yansui.Research on the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(4):637-650.]
[10]Liu Y,Chen C,Li Y.Differentiation regularity of urban-rural equalized development at prefecture-level city in China.Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(9):1075-1088.
[11]Liu Y,Lu S,Chen Y.Spatio-temporal change of urban-rural equalized development patterns in China and its driving factors.Journal of Rural Studies,2013,32:320-330.
[12]王艳飞,刘彦随,严镔,等.中国城乡协调发展格局特征及影响因素.地理科学,2016,36(1):20-28.[Wang Yanfei,Liu Yansui,Yan Bin,et al.Spatial patterns and influencing factors of urban-rural coordinated development in China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(1):20-28.]
[13]车冰清,陆玉麒,王毅.江苏省城乡空间融合的形态演化研究.长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(7):1022-1031.[Che Bingqing,Lu Yuqian,Wang Yi.Study on the morphological evolution of urban-rural spatial integration in Jiangsu Province.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze River Basin,2017,26(7):1022-1031]
[14]修春亮,许大明,祝翔凌.东北地区城乡一体化进程评估.地理科学,2004,24(3):320-325.[Xiu Chunliang,Xu Daming,Zhu Xiangling.Evaluation of the process of urban-rural integration in Northeast China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(3):320-325.]
[15]曾磊,雷军,鲁奇.我国城乡关联度评价指标体系构建及区域比较分析.地理研究,2002,21(6):763-771.[Zeng Lei,Lei Jun,Lu Qi.Establishment of evaluation index system of urban-rural relevance degree in China and regional comparative analysis.Geographical Research,2002,21(6):763-771]
[16]Long H,Zou J,Pykett J,et al.Analysis of rural transformation development in China since the turn of the new millennium.Applied Geography,2011,31(3):1094-1105.
[17]Li Y,Li Y,Westlund H,et al.Urban-rural transformation in relation to cultivated land conversion in China:Implications for optimizing land use and balanced regional development.Land Use Policy,2015,47:218-224.
[18]龙花楼,屠爽爽.论乡村重构.地理学报,2017,72(4):563-576.[Long Hualou,Tu Shuangshuang.Rural restructuring:Theory,approach and research prospect.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(4):563-576.]
[19]冯健,赵楠.空心村背景下乡村公共空间发展特征与重构策略:以邓州市桑庄镇为例.人文地理,2016,31(6):19-28.[Feng Jian,Zhao Nan.Restructuring the rural public space in the context of rural hollowing:A case study of Sangzhuang Town in Dengzhou.Human Geography,2016,31(6):19-28.]
[20]刘彦随,陈聪,李玉恒.中国新型城镇化村镇建设格局研究.地域研究与开发,2014,33(6):1-6.[Liu Yansui,Chen Cong,Li Yuheng.The town-villages construction pattern under new-type urbanization in China.Areal Research and Development,2014,33(6):1-6.]
[21]张小林.乡村概念辨析.地理学报,1998,53(4):365-371.[Zhang Xiaolin.Discrimination of rural concepts.Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,53(4):365-371.]
[22]刘自强,李静,鲁奇.乡村空间地域系统的功能多元化与新农村发展模式.农业现代化研究,2008,29(5):532-536.[Liu Ziqiang,Li Jing,Lu Qi.Functional diversification of rural space regional system and new rural development model.Agricultural Modernization Research,2008,29(5):532-536.]
[23]李裕瑞,王婧,刘彦随,等.中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素.地理学报,2014,69(2):199-212.[Li Yurui,Wang Jing,Liu Yansui,et al.Spatial pattern and influencing factors of the coordination development of industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization in China:A prefecture level exploratory spatial data analysis.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(2):199-212.]
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