澜沧江流域水利工程引发的水生生物灾害初探——以鱼类为例
|
摘要
澜沧江流域梯级水利工程建设是人类严重干扰河流生态系统的人为活动,在自然条件变化和人类活动互动干扰之下,即使是河流水文条件的微小变化也能对河流水生生物产生巨大影响,进而对水生生态系统和人类社会经济造成损失。生境破坏和资源锐减是水生生物灾害的典型案例。以鱼类为例,澜沧江流域鱼类的栖息地减少或丧失,产卵渠道被截断等,使其数量和种类发生变化,即喜急流性土著鱼类减少甚至濒危,喜缓流性的土著鱼类和外来经济鱼却增加,甚至出现入侵物种,进而影响鱼类生物多样性和鱼类资源安全,亟需加强鱼类栖息地保护与建设以防治水生生物灾害。
The construction of cascade water conservancy project in Lancang River Basin is a man-made activity which seriously interferes with the river ecosystem. Under the disturbance of the change of natural conditions and the interaction of human activities, even the small changes of the hydrological conditions of rivers can have a great impact on aquatic organisms of rivers,thus causing losses to aquatic ecosystems and human socio-economic systems. Habitat destruction and resource reduction are typical cases of aquatic biological disasters. Take fish as an example, the habitat of fish in Lancang River Basin is reduced or lost, and the spawning channels are cut off, so that the number and species of fish species are changed, that is, the number and even endangered species of native fish in rapids are reduced and even endangered.However, slow-flowing indigenous fish and exotic economic fish have increased and even appeared invasive species, thus affecting fish biodiversity and fish resource security. It is urgent to strengthen the protection and construction of fish habitat to prevent and control aquatic biological disasters.
The construction of cascade water conservancy project in Lancang River Basin is a man-made activity which seriously interferes with the river ecosystem. Under the disturbance of the change of natural conditions and the interaction of human activities, even the small changes of the hydrological conditions of rivers can have a great impact on aquatic organisms of rivers,thus causing losses to aquatic ecosystems and human socio-economic systems. Habitat destruction and resource reduction are typical cases of aquatic biological disasters. Take fish as an example, the habitat of fish in Lancang River Basin is reduced or lost, and the spawning channels are cut off, so that the number and species of fish species are changed, that is, the number and even endangered species of native fish in rapids are reduced and even endangered.However, slow-flowing indigenous fish and exotic economic fish have increased and even appeared invasive species, thus affecting fish biodiversity and fish resource security. It is urgent to strengthen the protection and construction of fish habitat to prevent and control aquatic biological disasters.
引文
[1]袁晓仙.自然与认为:环境史视野下的云南生物灾害及应对研究[J].文山学院学报,2017(4).
[2]潘勇.国内外鱼类入侵的历史与途径[J].大连水产学院学报,2006(1):72~79.
[3]王亚民.中国水生外来入侵物种对策研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006(1):7~13.
[4]陈银瑞.云南的鱼类资源及其利用和保护[J].资源科学,1991(1):25~34.
[5]周伟.云南澜沧江水系鱼类资源的保护和持续利用[J].中国会议,1998:282~289.
[6]何大明.澜沧江干流水电开发的跨境水文效应[J].科学通报·增刊,2006(7):14~21.
[7]林诗芸.补远江干流鱼类生境特征与鱼类多样性的关联研究[J].云南大学硕士学位论文,2016.
[8]王莹.澜沧江中下游鱼类栖息地的水文、水力学特征研究[D].中国水利水电科学研究院硕士学位论文,2015:15~16
[9]路斌.澜沧江-湄公河及部分支流鱼类多样性与水文特征的关系[J].昆明学院学报,2010(3):58~61.
[10]朱佳志.西双版纳南腊河浮游植物群落及其与水环境因子的关系[J].淡水渔业,2015(6):39~47.
[11]《中国河湖大典》编撰委员会编著.中国河湖大典·西南诸河卷[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014:7.
[12]董哲仁.保护和恢复河流形态多样性[J].中国水利,2003(11).453~454、512.
[13]陈茜,孔晓莎.澜沧江-湄公河流域基础资料汇编[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2000:376.389~392
[14]邱家荣,杜建标主编.云南渔业[M].昆明:云南人民出版社&云南出版集团公司,2008:12~367.
[15]李思发.中国淡水鱼类的分布区划[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:1~261.
[16]世界自然保护联盟.中国濒危动物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[17][美]J.David Allan,Mara.M.Castillo著,黄钰铃等译.河流生态学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2017:8~24.
[18]康斌,胡文娴,祈文龙,等.补远江鱼类多样性研究[J].渔业科学进展,2010(3).
[19]褚新洛,陈银瑞,等.云南鱼类志(下册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:1~377.
[20]李思发.淡水鱼类种群生态学[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.
[21]董哲仁.水利工程对生态系统的胁迫[J].水利水电技术,2003(7):1~5.
[2]潘勇.国内外鱼类入侵的历史与途径[J].大连水产学院学报,2006(1):72~79.
[3]王亚民.中国水生外来入侵物种对策研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006(1):7~13.
[4]陈银瑞.云南的鱼类资源及其利用和保护[J].资源科学,1991(1):25~34.
[5]周伟.云南澜沧江水系鱼类资源的保护和持续利用[J].中国会议,1998:282~289.
[6]何大明.澜沧江干流水电开发的跨境水文效应[J].科学通报·增刊,2006(7):14~21.
[7]林诗芸.补远江干流鱼类生境特征与鱼类多样性的关联研究[J].云南大学硕士学位论文,2016.
[8]王莹.澜沧江中下游鱼类栖息地的水文、水力学特征研究[D].中国水利水电科学研究院硕士学位论文,2015:15~16
[9]路斌.澜沧江-湄公河及部分支流鱼类多样性与水文特征的关系[J].昆明学院学报,2010(3):58~61.
[10]朱佳志.西双版纳南腊河浮游植物群落及其与水环境因子的关系[J].淡水渔业,2015(6):39~47.
[11]《中国河湖大典》编撰委员会编著.中国河湖大典·西南诸河卷[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014:7.
[12]董哲仁.保护和恢复河流形态多样性[J].中国水利,2003(11).453~454、512.
[13]陈茜,孔晓莎.澜沧江-湄公河流域基础资料汇编[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2000:376.389~392
[14]邱家荣,杜建标主编.云南渔业[M].昆明:云南人民出版社&云南出版集团公司,2008:12~367.
[15]李思发.中国淡水鱼类的分布区划[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:1~261.
[16]世界自然保护联盟.中国濒危动物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[17][美]J.David Allan,Mara.M.Castillo著,黄钰铃等译.河流生态学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2017:8~24.
[18]康斌,胡文娴,祈文龙,等.补远江鱼类多样性研究[J].渔业科学进展,2010(3).
[19]褚新洛,陈银瑞,等.云南鱼类志(下册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:1~377.
[20]李思发.淡水鱼类种群生态学[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.
[21]董哲仁.水利工程对生态系统的胁迫[J].水利水电技术,2003(7):1~5.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |