覆膜方式对不同生态区大豆产量和水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
全膜微垄沟播种植技术是在全膜双垄沟播技术的基础上创新研发的一种集覆盖抑蒸、垄面集雨、垄沟种植为一体的新型地膜覆盖技术。【目的】明确西北半干旱雨养区地膜覆盖条件下旱地大豆在不同生态区产量的差异。【方法】于2014—2016年进行大田定位试验,以露地无覆盖(CK)为对照,设置了3种覆膜方式,分别为全膜微垄沟播(T1)、全膜双垄沟播(T2)、全膜覆土穴播(T3),研究半湿润偏旱区、半干旱区、半干旱偏旱区3种不同生态区地膜覆盖对大豆产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】与CK相比,在3个生态区均以T1处理产量最高,T2处理次之,T3处理最低;其中全膜微垄沟播不同生态区比较:半湿润偏旱区>半干旱区>半干旱偏旱区,分别较露地无覆盖CK增产58.5%、78.1%和95.3%;水分利用效率分别较CK提高65.9%、57.6%和56.1%。尤其在年降雨量500～600 mm生态区全膜微垄沟播增产效应最明显,平均产量达到4 318.2 kg/hm2,最高达到4 353.3 kg/hm2,较CK增产58.5%。【结论】大豆全膜微垄沟播种植技术在西北半干旱雨养区,增产效果明显,其推广应用可有效提高该区降水资源的高效利用,实现旱作雨养区大豆稳产高产。
【Objective】Planting seeds in the furrows within fully mulched micro-ridge cultivation is an innovative method to reduce evaporation and enhance rainfall infiltration in arid and semi-arid regions. Taking soybean as a model plant, this paper aims to study its effect on yield of the soybean grown in different ecological regions.【Method】We investigated three cultivations: fully mulched micro-ridges with the seeds planted in the furrows(T1), mulched double ridges with the seeds planted in the furrows(T2), mulched flatten soil surface with the seeds planted by drill(T3). The control was without mulching and ridging. The experiment was conducted from2014 to 2016 in three climatic regions: a semi-humid and light-arid region, a semi-aid region, and a light-arid region. For each treatment in the three regions, we measured the soybean yield and its water use efficiency(WUE).【Result】T1 gave the highest yield in all three regions, followed by T2. The efficacy of T1 in increasing crop yield was ranked in semi-humid and light-arid region> semi-arid region > semi-arid and light-arid region. Compared with CK, T1-T3 increased the average yield by 58.5%, 78.1% and 95.3%, and WUE by 65.9%, 57.6% and 56.1%respectively. For the arid region with annual rainfall between 500 mm and 600 mm, the average yield under T1 was 4 318.2 kg/hm2 and the highest was 4 353.3 kg/hm2, increasing 58.5% compared to that under CK.【Conclusion】Fully mulched micro-ridge cultivation with soybean seeds planted in the furrows in rain-fed semi-arid region in northwest China can significantly increase yield and water use efficiency.
【Objective】Planting seeds in the furrows within fully mulched micro-ridge cultivation is an innovative method to reduce evaporation and enhance rainfall infiltration in arid and semi-arid regions. Taking soybean as a model plant, this paper aims to study its effect on yield of the soybean grown in different ecological regions.【Method】We investigated three cultivations: fully mulched micro-ridges with the seeds planted in the furrows(T1), mulched double ridges with the seeds planted in the furrows(T2), mulched flatten soil surface with the seeds planted by drill(T3). The control was without mulching and ridging. The experiment was conducted from2014 to 2016 in three climatic regions: a semi-humid and light-arid region, a semi-aid region, and a light-arid region. For each treatment in the three regions, we measured the soybean yield and its water use efficiency(WUE).【Result】T1 gave the highest yield in all three regions, followed by T2. The efficacy of T1 in increasing crop yield was ranked in semi-humid and light-arid region> semi-arid region > semi-arid and light-arid region. Compared with CK, T1-T3 increased the average yield by 58.5%, 78.1% and 95.3%, and WUE by 65.9%, 57.6% and 56.1%respectively. For the arid region with annual rainfall between 500 mm and 600 mm, the average yield under T1 was 4 318.2 kg/hm2 and the highest was 4 353.3 kg/hm2, increasing 58.5% compared to that under CK.【Conclusion】Fully mulched micro-ridge cultivation with soybean seeds planted in the furrows in rain-fed semi-arid region in northwest China can significantly increase yield and water use efficiency.
引文
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[2] ZHANG W, LI Z, GONG Y, et al. Yield and water use of siberian wildrye with ridge and furrow planting in Northern China[J]. Agronomy Journal,2013,105(6):1 787.
[3] ZHAO H, XIONG Y, LI F, et al. Plastic film mulch for half growing-season maximized WUE and yield of potato via moisture-temperature improvement in a semi-arid agroecosystem[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2012, 104:68-78.
[4] WU Y, HUANG F, JIA Z, et al. Response of soil water, temperature, and maize(Zea may L.)production to different plastic film mulching patterns in semi-arid areas of northwest China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2017, 166:113-121.
[5]门旗,李毅,冯广平.地膜覆盖对土壤棵间蒸发影响的研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2003, 22(2):17-20.
[6] TIAN Y, SU D, LI F, et al. Effect of rainwater harvesting with ridge and furrow on yield of potato in semiarid areas[J]. Field Crops Research,2003, 84(3):385-391.
[7] LIU J, ZHAN A, BU L, et al. Understanding dry matter and nitrogen accumulation for high-yielding film-mulched maize[J]. Agronomy Journal,2014,106(2):390.
[8]赵团结,盖钧镒.栽培大豆起源与演化研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2004, 37(7):954-962.
[9]魏永霞,赵雨森.半干旱区坡耕地大豆抗旱保水技术集成模式对产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2007, 26(5):40-42.
[10] REN D L, LIU X Y, WANG R. Benefit of Yield Increasing of Spring Soybean by Film Mulching[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2006, 34(1):35-37.
[11] PARK K Y, KIM S D, LEE S H, et al. Changes of dry matter accumulation and leaf area in summer type of soybean as affected by polyethylene film mulching[J]. Rda Journal of Agricultural Science. 1996,38(1):173-179.
[12]李丽君,高聚林,武向良,等.不同覆膜方式对大豆田水分动态及利用效率的影响[J].大豆科学,2008, 27(2):262-266.
[13]吕慧颖,王道文,葛毅强,等.大豆育种行业创新动态[J].植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(3):1-3.
[14]张振华,刘志民.我国大豆供需现状与未来十年预测分析[J].大豆科技,2009(4):16-21.
[15]王旎,王恩学,闫德华.开放战略下中国大豆产业的困境与对策[J].农业现代化研究,2010, 31(2):191-194.
[16]何世炜,毛玉林,武得礼,等.大豆、豌豆间作种植模式的生态经济效益研究[J].草业科学,2000, 17(3):23-27.
[17]汪磊,谭美莲,叶春雷,等.胡麻覆膜种植模式对产量、水分利用和经济效益的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2016, 38(4):460-466.
[18]郭志利,孙常青,卢成达.谷豆覆膜条带种植技术及其光合水分变化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(5):909-913.
[19]郭志利,孙常青,梁楠.旱地春大豆地膜覆盖增产节水效果及密度效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):205-206.
[20]曾芳荣,殷文,张小红.不同覆膜方式对旱地大豆农田土壤水热特征及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(7):1 090-1 098.
[21]王立明,陈光荣,杨如萍,等.旱作大豆不同种植方式的土壤水分、温度及增产效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012, 31(2):127-130.
[22]杨封科,王立明,张国宏.甘肃旱作大豆全膜双垄种植的土壤水热及产量效应[J].应用生态学报,2013, 24(11):3 145-3 152.
[23] ZHANG D, LIU H, HU W, et al. The status and distribution characteristics of residual mulching film in Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016, 15(11):2 639-2 646.
[24] LI F M, SONG Q H, JJEMBA P K, et al. Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil fertility in cropland mulched with plastic film in a semiarid agro-ecosystem[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 2004, 36:1 893-1 902.
[25] LI F M, GUO A H, WEI H. Effects of clear plastic film mulch on yield of spring wheat[J]. Field Crops Research, 1999, 63(1):79-86
[26]王闯,强世军,翟富民.旱地大豆全膜覆盖覆膜模式试验研究[J].中国农业信息, 2013(1):60-61.
[2] ZHANG W, LI Z, GONG Y, et al. Yield and water use of siberian wildrye with ridge and furrow planting in Northern China[J]. Agronomy Journal,2013,105(6):1 787.
[3] ZHAO H, XIONG Y, LI F, et al. Plastic film mulch for half growing-season maximized WUE and yield of potato via moisture-temperature improvement in a semi-arid agroecosystem[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2012, 104:68-78.
[4] WU Y, HUANG F, JIA Z, et al. Response of soil water, temperature, and maize(Zea may L.)production to different plastic film mulching patterns in semi-arid areas of northwest China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2017, 166:113-121.
[5]门旗,李毅,冯广平.地膜覆盖对土壤棵间蒸发影响的研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2003, 22(2):17-20.
[6] TIAN Y, SU D, LI F, et al. Effect of rainwater harvesting with ridge and furrow on yield of potato in semiarid areas[J]. Field Crops Research,2003, 84(3):385-391.
[7] LIU J, ZHAN A, BU L, et al. Understanding dry matter and nitrogen accumulation for high-yielding film-mulched maize[J]. Agronomy Journal,2014,106(2):390.
[8]赵团结,盖钧镒.栽培大豆起源与演化研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2004, 37(7):954-962.
[9]魏永霞,赵雨森.半干旱区坡耕地大豆抗旱保水技术集成模式对产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2007, 26(5):40-42.
[10] REN D L, LIU X Y, WANG R. Benefit of Yield Increasing of Spring Soybean by Film Mulching[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2006, 34(1):35-37.
[11] PARK K Y, KIM S D, LEE S H, et al. Changes of dry matter accumulation and leaf area in summer type of soybean as affected by polyethylene film mulching[J]. Rda Journal of Agricultural Science. 1996,38(1):173-179.
[12]李丽君,高聚林,武向良,等.不同覆膜方式对大豆田水分动态及利用效率的影响[J].大豆科学,2008, 27(2):262-266.
[13]吕慧颖,王道文,葛毅强,等.大豆育种行业创新动态[J].植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(3):1-3.
[14]张振华,刘志民.我国大豆供需现状与未来十年预测分析[J].大豆科技,2009(4):16-21.
[15]王旎,王恩学,闫德华.开放战略下中国大豆产业的困境与对策[J].农业现代化研究,2010, 31(2):191-194.
[16]何世炜,毛玉林,武得礼,等.大豆、豌豆间作种植模式的生态经济效益研究[J].草业科学,2000, 17(3):23-27.
[17]汪磊,谭美莲,叶春雷,等.胡麻覆膜种植模式对产量、水分利用和经济效益的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2016, 38(4):460-466.
[18]郭志利,孙常青,卢成达.谷豆覆膜条带种植技术及其光合水分变化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(5):909-913.
[19]郭志利,孙常青,梁楠.旱地春大豆地膜覆盖增产节水效果及密度效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):205-206.
[20]曾芳荣,殷文,张小红.不同覆膜方式对旱地大豆农田土壤水热特征及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(7):1 090-1 098.
[21]王立明,陈光荣,杨如萍,等.旱作大豆不同种植方式的土壤水分、温度及增产效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012, 31(2):127-130.
[22]杨封科,王立明,张国宏.甘肃旱作大豆全膜双垄种植的土壤水热及产量效应[J].应用生态学报,2013, 24(11):3 145-3 152.
[23] ZHANG D, LIU H, HU W, et al. The status and distribution characteristics of residual mulching film in Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016, 15(11):2 639-2 646.
[24] LI F M, SONG Q H, JJEMBA P K, et al. Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil fertility in cropland mulched with plastic film in a semiarid agro-ecosystem[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 2004, 36:1 893-1 902.
[25] LI F M, GUO A H, WEI H. Effects of clear plastic film mulch on yield of spring wheat[J]. Field Crops Research, 1999, 63(1):79-86
[26]王闯,强世军,翟富民.旱地大豆全膜覆盖覆膜模式试验研究[J].中国农业信息, 2013(1):60-61.
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