不同营养水平饲粮添加大豆酶解蛋白对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、养分表观利用率及肠道形态的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究不同营养水平饲粮添加大豆酶解蛋白(ESM)对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、养分表观利用率及肠道形态的影响。试验采用3×2双因子设计,3种饲粮营养水平,分别为正对照[PC,代谢能(ME)水平为11.22 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质(CP)水平为15.5%]、负对照1(NC1,M E水平为11.01 M J/kg,CP水平为15.0%)和负对照2(NC2,M E水平为10.80 M J/kg,CP水平为14.5%); 2种大豆酶解蛋白添加水平(0和5 g/kg)。选择52周龄罗曼粉壳蛋鸡1 200只,随机分为6个组,每组10个重复,每个重复20只鸡。试验期为12周。结果表明:1)随着饲粮营养水平的降低,蛋鸡的平均产蛋率呈降低趋势(P=0.07),料蛋比呈升高趋势(P=0.06);随着大豆酶解蛋白添加水平的增加,料蛋比呈降低趋势(P=0.05),合格蛋率显著增加(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮营养水平的降低,蛋黄颜色呈降低趋势(P=0.09);随着大豆酶解蛋白添加水平的增加,蛋黄颜色极显著升高(P<0.01)。饲粮营养水平和大豆酶解蛋白添加水平的交互作用对蛋白高度和哈氏单位有显著影响(P<0.05),表现为在NC1饲粮营养水平时添加大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高蛋白高度和哈氏单位(P<0.05)。3) PC组蛋鸡的粗脂肪表观利用率显著高于NC1和NC2组(P<0.05);随着大豆酶解蛋白添加水平的增加,CP和粗脂肪表观利用率显著升高(P <0.05)。饲粮营养水平和大豆酶解蛋白的交互作用对蛋鸡的总能表观利用率有显著影响(P<0.05),表现为在PC饲粮营养水平时添加大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高总能表观利用率(P<0.05)。4)随着饲粮营养水平的降低,空肠隐窝深度呈升高趋势(P=0.06),空肠绒隐比显著降低(P<0.05);随着大豆酶解蛋白添加水平的增加,十二指肠绒毛高度呈升高趋势(P=0.09),十二指肠绒隐比显著升高(P<0.05)。饲粮营养水平和大豆酶解蛋白的交互作用对蛋鸡的空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比有极显著影响(P<0.01),表现为在NC2饲粮营养水平时添加大豆酶解蛋白可显著提高空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加大豆酶解蛋白可以通过改善肠道形态、提高饲粮CP和粗脂肪利用率来促进蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的提高,部分缓解了饲粮营养水平降低带来的不利影响。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nutrient level diets supplemented with enzymolytic soybean meal (ESM) on performance,egg quality,nutrient apparent availability and intestinal morphology of laying hens. A 3 × 2 two factorial design with 3 nutrient levels in diet,positive control (PC) with 11.22 MJ/kg metabolic energy (ME) and 15.5% crude protein (CP),negative control 1 (NC1)with 11.01 M J/kg M E and 15.0% CP,negative control 2 (NC2) with 10.80 M J/kg M E and 14.5% CP,and two ESM supplemental levels (0 and 5 g/kg) was used. A total of 1 200 Roman pink laying hens with 52 weeks old were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 replicates per group and 20 laying hens per replicate.The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) with the decrease of nutrient levels in diet,average laying rate of laying hens had a decreasing tendency (P = 0.07),and the ratio of feed to egg had an increasing tendency (P = 0.06). With the increase of ESM supplemental levels,the ratio of feed to egg had a decreasing tendency (P = 0.05),and qualified egg rate was significantly increased (P < 0.05). 2) With the decrease of nutrient levels in diet,yolk color had a decreasing tendency (P = 0.09). With the increase of ESM supplemental levels,yolk color was significantly increased (P<0.01). The interaction of nutrient levels in diet and ESM supplemental levels had significant effects on albumen height and Haugh unit (P<0.05),NC1 nutrient level diets supplemented with ESM significantly increased albumen height and Haugh unit (P < 0. 05). 3)Apparent availability of ether extract (EE) of laying hens in group PC was significantly higher than that of in groups NC1 and NC2 (P<0.05). With the increase of ESM supplemental levels,apparent availabilities of CP and EE were significantly increased (P<0.05). The interaction of nutrient levels in diet and ESM supplemental levels had significant effects on apparent availability of general energy of laying hens (P < 0.05),PC nutrient level diets supplemented with ESM significantly increased apparent availability of total energy (P < 0. 05). 4)With the decrease of nutrient levels in diet,crypt depth of jejunum had an increasing tendency (P = 0.06),the ratio of villous height to crypt depth (V/C) of jejunum was significantly decreased (P < 0. 05). With the increase of ESM supplemental levels,villous height of duodenum had an increasing tendency (P = 0.09),V/C of duodenum was significantly increased (P<0.05). The interaction of nutrient levels in diet and ESM supplemental levels had significant effects on villous height and V/C of jejunum of laying hens (P<0.01),NC2 nutrient level diets supplemented with ESM significantly increased villous height and V/C of jejunum (P<0.05).In conclusion,diet supplemented with ESM can improve performance and egg quality of laying hens by improving intestinal morphology and apparent availabilities of CP and EE in diet,and can partial alleviate the negative influences by lower nutrient levels in diet.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nutrient level diets supplemented with enzymolytic soybean meal (ESM) on performance,egg quality,nutrient apparent availability and intestinal morphology of laying hens. A 3 × 2 two factorial design with 3 nutrient levels in diet,positive control (PC) with 11.22 MJ/kg metabolic energy (ME) and 15.5% crude protein (CP),negative control 1 (NC1)with 11.01 M J/kg M E and 15.0% CP,negative control 2 (NC2) with 10.80 M J/kg M E and 14.5% CP,and two ESM supplemental levels (0 and 5 g/kg) was used. A total of 1 200 Roman pink laying hens with 52 weeks old were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 replicates per group and 20 laying hens per replicate.The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) with the decrease of nutrient levels in diet,average laying rate of laying hens had a decreasing tendency (P = 0.07),and the ratio of feed to egg had an increasing tendency (P = 0.06). With the increase of ESM supplemental levels,the ratio of feed to egg had a decreasing tendency (P = 0.05),and qualified egg rate was significantly increased (P < 0.05). 2) With the decrease of nutrient levels in diet,yolk color had a decreasing tendency (P = 0.09). With the increase of ESM supplemental levels,yolk color was significantly increased (P<0.01). The interaction of nutrient levels in diet and ESM supplemental levels had significant effects on albumen height and Haugh unit (P<0.05),NC1 nutrient level diets supplemented with ESM significantly increased albumen height and Haugh unit (P < 0. 05). 3)Apparent availability of ether extract (EE) of laying hens in group PC was significantly higher than that of in groups NC1 and NC2 (P<0.05). With the increase of ESM supplemental levels,apparent availabilities of CP and EE were significantly increased (P<0.05). The interaction of nutrient levels in diet and ESM supplemental levels had significant effects on apparent availability of general energy of laying hens (P < 0.05),PC nutrient level diets supplemented with ESM significantly increased apparent availability of total energy (P < 0. 05). 4)With the decrease of nutrient levels in diet,crypt depth of jejunum had an increasing tendency (P = 0.06),the ratio of villous height to crypt depth (V/C) of jejunum was significantly decreased (P < 0. 05). With the increase of ESM supplemental levels,villous height of duodenum had an increasing tendency (P = 0.09),V/C of duodenum was significantly increased (P<0.05). The interaction of nutrient levels in diet and ESM supplemental levels had significant effects on villous height and V/C of jejunum of laying hens (P<0.01),NC2 nutrient level diets supplemented with ESM significantly increased villous height and V/C of jejunum (P<0.05).In conclusion,diet supplemented with ESM can improve performance and egg quality of laying hens by improving intestinal morphology and apparent availabilities of CP and EE in diet,and can partial alleviate the negative influences by lower nutrient levels in diet.
引文
[1]张宇婷,张荣飞,晨光.酶解蛋白在畜牧生产中的应用及发展趋势[J].饲料广角,2015(23):42-45.
[2]OLUKOSI O A,XIAO W W,JIA J.Peptide supplementation to nutrient-adequate diets enhanced internal egg quality during storage in hens at peak production[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,98(5):1850-1855.
[3]赵芳芳.大豆肽的生物学功能研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2004:49-51.
[4]陈小莺,张日俊.大豆生物活性肽对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋白质代谢的影响及调控机理[J].饲料工业,2005,26(23):33-36.
[5]陈宝江.小肽的营养与应用[J].中国饲料,2004(5):34-36.
[6]黄保华,张桂芝,石天虹,等.不同营养水平对蛋鸡19~72周龄生产性能的影响[J].山东家禽,2000(1):10-13.
[7]ZHU C,JIANG Z Y,JIANG S Q,et al.Maternal energy and protein affect subsequent grow th performance,carcass yield,and meat color in Chinese yellow broilers[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(8):1869-1878.
[8]吴俊锋,詹凯,曹君平,等.枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2012,34(1):22-26.
[9]陈虹,侯伟革.蛋鸡日粮添加大豆生物活性肽的应用效果[J].畜牧与兽医,2012,44(12):109-110.
[10]金淑艳.异常鸡蛋产生的原因[J].养殖技术顾问,2014(11):20.
[11]BENABDELJELIL K,JENSEN L S.Effectiveness of ascorbic acid and chromium in counteracting the negative effects of dietary vanadium on interior egg quality[J].Poultry Science,1990,69(5):781-786.
[12]Li F,Zhang L M,Wu X H,et al.Effects of metabolizable energy and balanced protein on egg production,quality,and components of Lohmann brow n laying hens[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2013,22(1):36-46.
[13]齐明星,丁科,李兰兰,等.饲粮不同代谢能、粗蛋白质水平对新杨绿壳蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1159-1166.
[14]陈亮,肖伟伟.大豆酶解蛋白对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(10):70-72.
[15]荣建华,李小定,谢笔钧.大豆肽体外抗氧化效果的研究[J].食品科学,2002,23(11):118-120.
[16]倪志勇,张克英,左绍群,等.不同营养水平饲粮中添加饲用复合酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2001,19(1):80-85.
[17]张丽.小肽营养素对蛋鹌鹑生产性能、营养物质消化率及免疫机能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2007:15-16.
[18]孙崇源.小肽和半胱胺对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响及机理研究[D].硕士学位论文.邯郸:河北工程大学,2015:25-26.
[19]CUMMINGS J H,MACFARLANE G T.Collaborative JPEN-clinical nutrition scientific publications role of intestinal bacteria in nutrient metabolism[J].Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,1997,21(6):357-365.
[20]成令忠,钟翠平,蔡文琴.现代组织学[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2003:798-802.
[21]景翠,李福彬,赵驻军,等.日粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡肠道菌群与形态结构的影响[J].中国家禽,2012,34(4):18-20.
[22]ZHANG S H,QIAO S Y,REN M,et al.Supplementation w ith branched-chain amino acids to a low-protein diet regulates intestinal expression of amino acid and peptide transporters in w eanling pigs[J].Amino Acids,2013,45(5):1191-1205.
[23]李宗锐.不同蛋白质水平饲粮添加蛋白酶对肉鸡生产性能和消化生理的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2015:35-36.
[24]BAKER D H,AUMAITRE A,LEE B D,et al.Recent advances in use of the ideal protein concept for sw ine feed formulation[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2000,13(4):294-301.
[25]XU F Z,LI L M,LIU H J,et al.Effects of fermented soybean meal on performance,serum biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology of laying hens[J].Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2012,11(5):649-654.
[26]沈一茹,张珊,赵旭,等.大豆酶解蛋白对肉鸡生产性能、肉品质、肠道和免疫器官发育的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(8):30-35.
[2]OLUKOSI O A,XIAO W W,JIA J.Peptide supplementation to nutrient-adequate diets enhanced internal egg quality during storage in hens at peak production[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,98(5):1850-1855.
[3]赵芳芳.大豆肽的生物学功能研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2004:49-51.
[4]陈小莺,张日俊.大豆生物活性肽对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋白质代谢的影响及调控机理[J].饲料工业,2005,26(23):33-36.
[5]陈宝江.小肽的营养与应用[J].中国饲料,2004(5):34-36.
[6]黄保华,张桂芝,石天虹,等.不同营养水平对蛋鸡19~72周龄生产性能的影响[J].山东家禽,2000(1):10-13.
[7]ZHU C,JIANG Z Y,JIANG S Q,et al.Maternal energy and protein affect subsequent grow th performance,carcass yield,and meat color in Chinese yellow broilers[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(8):1869-1878.
[8]吴俊锋,詹凯,曹君平,等.枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2012,34(1):22-26.
[9]陈虹,侯伟革.蛋鸡日粮添加大豆生物活性肽的应用效果[J].畜牧与兽医,2012,44(12):109-110.
[10]金淑艳.异常鸡蛋产生的原因[J].养殖技术顾问,2014(11):20.
[11]BENABDELJELIL K,JENSEN L S.Effectiveness of ascorbic acid and chromium in counteracting the negative effects of dietary vanadium on interior egg quality[J].Poultry Science,1990,69(5):781-786.
[12]Li F,Zhang L M,Wu X H,et al.Effects of metabolizable energy and balanced protein on egg production,quality,and components of Lohmann brow n laying hens[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2013,22(1):36-46.
[13]齐明星,丁科,李兰兰,等.饲粮不同代谢能、粗蛋白质水平对新杨绿壳蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(4):1159-1166.
[14]陈亮,肖伟伟.大豆酶解蛋白对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(10):70-72.
[15]荣建华,李小定,谢笔钧.大豆肽体外抗氧化效果的研究[J].食品科学,2002,23(11):118-120.
[16]倪志勇,张克英,左绍群,等.不同营养水平饲粮中添加饲用复合酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2001,19(1):80-85.
[17]张丽.小肽营养素对蛋鹌鹑生产性能、营养物质消化率及免疫机能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2007:15-16.
[18]孙崇源.小肽和半胱胺对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响及机理研究[D].硕士学位论文.邯郸:河北工程大学,2015:25-26.
[19]CUMMINGS J H,MACFARLANE G T.Collaborative JPEN-clinical nutrition scientific publications role of intestinal bacteria in nutrient metabolism[J].Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,1997,21(6):357-365.
[20]成令忠,钟翠平,蔡文琴.现代组织学[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2003:798-802.
[21]景翠,李福彬,赵驻军,等.日粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡肠道菌群与形态结构的影响[J].中国家禽,2012,34(4):18-20.
[22]ZHANG S H,QIAO S Y,REN M,et al.Supplementation w ith branched-chain amino acids to a low-protein diet regulates intestinal expression of amino acid and peptide transporters in w eanling pigs[J].Amino Acids,2013,45(5):1191-1205.
[23]李宗锐.不同蛋白质水平饲粮添加蛋白酶对肉鸡生产性能和消化生理的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2015:35-36.
[24]BAKER D H,AUMAITRE A,LEE B D,et al.Recent advances in use of the ideal protein concept for sw ine feed formulation[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2000,13(4):294-301.
[25]XU F Z,LI L M,LIU H J,et al.Effects of fermented soybean meal on performance,serum biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology of laying hens[J].Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2012,11(5):649-654.
[26]沈一茹,张珊,赵旭,等.大豆酶解蛋白对肉鸡生产性能、肉品质、肠道和免疫器官发育的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(8):30-35.
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