基于政策文本量化分析的我国创业政策演化研究
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摘要
通过对我国1994～2017年294份中央政府及其主要组成部门颁布的创业政策统计分析,将政策发展划分为三个阶段:1994～2007年,2008～2013年和2014～2017年。对不同阶段的政策进行量化分析和内容挖掘,总结和归纳不同阶段创业政策主题热点和发文机构合作网络,以揭示我国创业政策的演进特征,为未来的政策延伸和优化提供参考。研究结果显示:在不同的阶段中我国创业政策在政策宏观导向、政策内容、政策组合和政策协作方面都存在较大差异,并随着政策演进逐渐呈现规范化和全面化的趋势,各政策之间的关联性增强,机构合作更加广泛和深入,政策扶持更加精准和全面。
Based on the statistical analysis of 294 entrepreneurial policies since 1994 in China, the policy development is divided into three stages: 1994～2007, 2008～2013 and 2014～2017. In order to reveal the evolution characteristics of China's entrepreneurship policy and provide reference for the future policy extension and optimization, this paper summarizes hot topics of the entrepreneurship policy and the cooperation network of the governmental agencies in different stages by text analysis and content mining. The results show that there are great differences in policy macro orientation, policy content, policy combination and policy cooperation in different stages. With the gradual trend of standardization and comprehensive policy evolution, the relationship between policies is strengthened, the institutional cooperation is more extensive and deeper, and the policy support is more accurate and comprehensive.
Based on the statistical analysis of 294 entrepreneurial policies since 1994 in China, the policy development is divided into three stages: 1994～2007, 2008～2013 and 2014～2017. In order to reveal the evolution characteristics of China's entrepreneurship policy and provide reference for the future policy extension and optimization, this paper summarizes hot topics of the entrepreneurship policy and the cooperation network of the governmental agencies in different stages by text analysis and content mining. The results show that there are great differences in policy macro orientation, policy content, policy combination and policy cooperation in different stages. With the gradual trend of standardization and comprehensive policy evolution, the relationship between policies is strengthened, the institutional cooperation is more extensive and deeper, and the policy support is more accurate and comprehensive.
引文
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[28]刘凤朝,孙玉涛.我国科技政策向创新政策演变的过程、趋势与建议-基于我国289项创新政策的实证分析[J].中国软科学,2007(5):34-42.
[29]黄萃,任弢,李江等.责任与利益:基于政策文献量化分析的中国科技创新政策府际合作关系演进研究[J].管理世界,2015(12):68-81.
[30]张剑,黄萃,叶选挺等.中国公共政策扩散的文献量化研究-以科技成果转化政策为例[J].中国软科学,2016(2):145-155.
[31]刘云,叶选挺,杨芳娟等.中国国家创新体系国际化政策概念、分类及演进特征-基于政策文本的量化分析[J].管理世界,2014(12):62-69+78.
[32]苏竣,黄萃,谢祥.中国科技政策要目概览(1949~2010年)[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2012.
[33]ALLISON G T.Essence of decision:explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2008.
[34]ROTHWELL R,ZEGVELD W.Innovation and the small and medium sized firm:their role in employment and in economic change[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,1982,62(11):3734-3743.
[2]áCS Z J,AUTIO E,SZERB L.National Systems of Entrepreneurship:Measurement issues and policy implications[J].Research Policy,2014,43(3):476-494.
[3]DAVIS S,HALTIWANGER J,SCHUH S.Small Business and Job Creation:Dissecting the Myth and Reassessing the Facts[J].Small Business Economics,1996,8(4):297-315.
[4]AMEZCUA A S,GRIMES M G,BRADLEY S W,et al.Organizational Sponsorship and Founding Environments:AContingency View on the Survival of Business-Incubated Firms,1994-2007[J].Academy of Management Journal,2013,56(6):1628-1654.
[5]SCHWARTZ M.Beyond incubation:An analysis of firm survival and exit dynamics in the post-graduation period[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2009,34(4):403-421.
[6]AUDRETSCH D,GRILO I,THURIK R.The Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship Policy[M].London:Edward Elgar,2007.
[7]DAVID L,BIRCH P A.The job generation process[C].Cambridge:MIT program on neighborhood and regional change,1979.
[8]SHANE S.Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy[J].Small Business Economics,2009,33(2):141-149.
[9]ALMUS M,NERLINGER E A.Growth of New Technology-Based Firms:Which Factors Matter?[J].Small Business Economics,1999,13(2):141-154.
[10]AUTIO E.‘Atomistic’and‘systemic’approaches to research on new,technology-based firms:A literature[J].Small Business Economics,1997,9(3):195-209.
[11]AKPOTAIRE U B.World Economic Forum[EB/OL].(2011-9-14).http://notenoughgood.com/2011/02/worldeconomic-forum2011/.
[12]STOREY D J,TETHER B S.Public policy measures to support new technology-based firms in the European Union[J].Research Policy,1998,26(9):1037-1057.
[13]BROWN R,MASON C.Inside the high-tech black box:A critique of technology entrepreneurship policy[J].Technovation,2014,34(12):773-784.
[14]BRAUNERHJELM P,PARKER S C.Josh Lerner:recipient of the 2010 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research[J].Small Business Economics,2010,35(3):245-254.
[15]CURRID-HALKETT E,STOLARICK K.The Great Divide:Economic Development Theory Versus Practice-ASurvey of the Current Landscape[J].Economic Development Quarterly the Journal of American Economic Revitalization,2011,25(2):143-157.
[16]OCDE.Appendix B.The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises:Text and Implementation Procedures[R].Source OECD Govenance,2010,37:176-190(5).
[17]GOMPERS P,KOVNER A,LERNER J,et al.Performance persistence in entrepreneurship[J].Journal of Financial Economics,2010,96(1):18-32.
[18]GRIMALDI R,KENNEY M,SIEGEL D S,et al.30years after Bayh-Dole:Reassessing academic entrepreneurship[J].Research Policy,2011,40(8):1045-1057.
[19]OLFATI-SABER R,FAX J A,MURRAY R M.Consensus and cooperation in networked multi-Agent systems[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2007,95(1):215-233.
[20]AUTIO E,RANNIKKO H.Retaining winners:Can policy boost high-growth entrepreneurship?[J].Research Policy,2016,45(1):42-55.
[21]CHEN L,NAUGHTON B.An institutionalized policy-making mechanism:China’s return to techno-industrial policy[J].Research Policy,2016,45(10):2138-2152.
[22]COAD A,DAUNFELDT S-O,H?LZL W,et al.High-Growth Firms:Introduction to the Special Section[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2014,23(1):91-112.
[23]QUADE E S,CARTER G M.Analysis for Public Decisions[M].Mishawaka:North-Holland,1989.
[24]郭元源,葛江宁,汤临佳.基于质性分析的科技政策研究:以浙江省为例[J].科研管理,2017(S1):274-283.
[25]苏敬勤,许昕傲,李晓昂.基于共词分析的我国技术创新政策结构关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(9):110-115.
[26]张永安,耿喆,王燕妮.区域科技创新政策分类与政策工具挖掘-基于中关村数据的研究[J].科技进步与对策,2015(17):116-122.
[27]陈慧茹,肖相泽,冯锋.科技创新政策加权共词网络研究-基于扎根理论与政策测量[J].科学学研究,2016,34(12):1769-1776.
[28]刘凤朝,孙玉涛.我国科技政策向创新政策演变的过程、趋势与建议-基于我国289项创新政策的实证分析[J].中国软科学,2007(5):34-42.
[29]黄萃,任弢,李江等.责任与利益:基于政策文献量化分析的中国科技创新政策府际合作关系演进研究[J].管理世界,2015(12):68-81.
[30]张剑,黄萃,叶选挺等.中国公共政策扩散的文献量化研究-以科技成果转化政策为例[J].中国软科学,2016(2):145-155.
[31]刘云,叶选挺,杨芳娟等.中国国家创新体系国际化政策概念、分类及演进特征-基于政策文本的量化分析[J].管理世界,2014(12):62-69+78.
[32]苏竣,黄萃,谢祥.中国科技政策要目概览(1949~2010年)[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2012.
[33]ALLISON G T.Essence of decision:explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2008.
[34]ROTHWELL R,ZEGVELD W.Innovation and the small and medium sized firm:their role in employment and in economic change[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,1982,62(11):3734-3743.
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