一种特定谐波消除多电平RF-PWM方法
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摘要
为消除射频脉宽调制(Radio Frequency Pulse Width Modulation,RF-PWM)的特定谐波,本文提出了一种适用于全数字发信机(All-Digital Transmitters,ADTx)的多电平RF-PWM方法.该方法利用多个自适应门限与相位调制信号实时比较,控制多个子脉冲的脉冲宽度,在基波分量加权之和正比于输入信号包络的前提下,使其特定谐波分量相互抵消.和现有技术相比,该方法可显著降低ADTx的输出滤波要求,提高其宽频段性能.以3次谐波消除为例,本文给出了对应5电平RF-PWM方案,并利用仿真和离线实验证明了该方案的有效性.
To eliminate the selective harmonics of radio frequency pulse width modulation(RF-PWM) signals,a novel multi-level RF-PWM method for all-digital transmitters(ADTx) is proposed.This method compares the adaptive thresholds in real-time with the phase modulated signal,and controls the pulsewidth of the corresponding subpulses to make the selected harmonics cancel each other out and keep the weighted superposition of fundamental frequency components proportional to input envelope.Compared with the existing techniques,the proposed method can significantly relax the filtering requirements and improve the wideband performance of the ADTx.For the third harmonic elimination,the corresponding 5-level RF-PWM scheme is presented in this paper.Finally,the proposed scheme is verified by extensive simulations and offline measurements.
To eliminate the selective harmonics of radio frequency pulse width modulation(RF-PWM) signals,a novel multi-level RF-PWM method for all-digital transmitters(ADTx) is proposed.This method compares the adaptive thresholds in real-time with the phase modulated signal,and controls the pulsewidth of the corresponding subpulses to make the selected harmonics cancel each other out and keep the weighted superposition of fundamental frequency components proportional to input envelope.Compared with the existing techniques,the proposed method can significantly relax the filtering requirements and improve the wideband performance of the ADTx.For the third harmonic elimination,the corresponding 5-level RF-PWM scheme is presented in this paper.Finally,the proposed scheme is verified by extensive simulations and offline measurements.
引文
[1] Nuyts P A J,Singerl P,Dielacher F,Reynaert P,Dehaene W.A fully digital delay line based GHz range multimode transmitter front-end in 65nm CMOS[J].IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits,2012,47(7):1681-1692.
[2] Maroldt S,Quay R,Haupt C,Ambacher O.Broadband GaN-based switch-mode core MMICs with 20 W output power operating at UHF[A].Proceeding of 2011 IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium[C].Waikoloa:IEEE,2011.1-4.
[3] 陈剑斌,周强,谭笑,赵志远.基于2比特DSM的开关功放电平变换策略研究[J].电子学报,2015,43(7):1413-1417.CHEN Jian-bin,ZHOU Qiang,TAN Xiao,ZHAO Zhi-yuan.The research of level-transform strategy for switching amplifier based on 2 bit delta-sigma modulator[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2015,43(7):1413-1417.(in Chinese)
[4] Chi S,Singerl P,Vogel C.Coding efficiency optimization for multi-level PWM based switched-mode RF transmitters[A].Proceeding of 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems[C].Seoul:IEEE,2011.1-4.
[5] Keyzer J,Hinrichs J,Metzger A,Iwamoto M,Galton I,Asbeck P.Digital generation of RF signals for wireless communications with bandpass delta-sigma modulation[A].Proceeding of 2001 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium[C].Phoenix:IEEE,2001.2127-2130.
[6] 戈立军,王松,徐微.基于OFDM信号的新型∑Δ调制器研究[J].电子学报,2017,45(1):61-66.GE Li-jun,WANG Song,XU Wei.A novel sigma-delta modulator based on OFDM signals[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2017,45(1):61-66.(in Chinese)
[7] Raab F H.Radio frequency pulse width modulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1973,21(8):958-966.
[8] 冯晖,秦毅男,林争辉.D类功放中全数字PWM结构的非线性误差校正方法[J].电子学报,2007,35(8):1442-1445.FENG Hui,QIN Yi-nan,LIN Zheng-hui.The method of nonlinear error calibration for digital PWM structure in class D amplifier[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2007,35(8):1442-1445.(in Chinese)
[9] Haslach C,Markert D,Frotzscher A,Pascht A.New efficient architectures for RF pulse width modulators[A].Proceeding of 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium[C].Seattle:IEEE,2013.1-3.
[10] Nuyts P A J,Reynaert P,Dehaene W.Afully digital PWM-based 1 to 3 GHz multistandard transmitter in 40-nm CMOS[A].Proceedings of the IEEE Radio Frequence Integrated Circuits Symposium[C].Seattle:IEEE,2013.419-422.
[11] Walling J S,Lakdawala H,Palaskas Y,Ravi A,Degani O,Soumyanath K,Allstot D J.A class-E PA with pulse-width and pulse-position modulation in 65nm CMOS[J].IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits,2009,44(6):1668-1678.
[12] Zhu Q,Ma R,Duan C,Teo K H.A 5-level discrete-time power encoder with measured coding efficiency of 70% for 20-MHz LTE digital transmitter[A].Proceeding of 2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium[C].Tampa:IEEE,2014.1-3.
[13] Francois B,Nuyts P A J,Dehaene W,Reynaert P.Extending dynamic range of RF PWM transmitters[J].Electronics Letters,2013,49(6):430-432.
[14] Cordeiro R F,Oliveira A S R,Vieira J.Relaxing all-digital transmitter filtering requirements through improved PWM waveforms[A].Proceeding of 2015 IEEE MTT-S Interna-tional Microwave Symposium[C].Phoenix:IEEE,2015.1-4.
[15] 周强,陈剑斌,朱蕾.基于RF-PWM的主动谐波消除方法[J].太赫兹科学与电子信息学报,2017,15(5):828-833.ZHOU Qiang,CHEN Jian-bin,ZHU Lei.An active harmonic elimination method based on multi-level RF-PWM for constant envelope signal[J].Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology,2017,15(5):828-833.(in Chinese)
[16] Yao F Q,Zhou Q,Wei Z H.A novel multilevel RF-PWM method with active-harmonic elimination for all-digital transmitters[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2018,66(7):3360-3373.
[17] 田新广,高立志,张尔扬.改善直接数字合成周期信号频率分辨率的两种波形序列[J].电子学报,2004,32(3):388-390.TIAN Xin-guang,GAO Li-zhi,ZHANG Er-yang.Two waveform sequences for improving the frequency resolutions of direct digitally synthesized periodic signals[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2004,32(3):388-390.(in Chinese)
[18] CAI Zhi-kuang,YANG Jun,SHI Long-xing.A nonlinear dynamic bandwidth control algorithm for digitally controlled phase-locked loop[J].Chinese Journal of Electronics,2012,21(2):384-388.
[19] Nuyts P A J,Reynaert P,Dehaene W.Frequency-domain analysis of digital PWM-based RF modulators for flexible wireless transmitters[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I:Regular Papers,2014,61(1):238-246.
[2] Maroldt S,Quay R,Haupt C,Ambacher O.Broadband GaN-based switch-mode core MMICs with 20 W output power operating at UHF[A].Proceeding of 2011 IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium[C].Waikoloa:IEEE,2011.1-4.
[3] 陈剑斌,周强,谭笑,赵志远.基于2比特DSM的开关功放电平变换策略研究[J].电子学报,2015,43(7):1413-1417.CHEN Jian-bin,ZHOU Qiang,TAN Xiao,ZHAO Zhi-yuan.The research of level-transform strategy for switching amplifier based on 2 bit delta-sigma modulator[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2015,43(7):1413-1417.(in Chinese)
[4] Chi S,Singerl P,Vogel C.Coding efficiency optimization for multi-level PWM based switched-mode RF transmitters[A].Proceeding of 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems[C].Seoul:IEEE,2011.1-4.
[5] Keyzer J,Hinrichs J,Metzger A,Iwamoto M,Galton I,Asbeck P.Digital generation of RF signals for wireless communications with bandpass delta-sigma modulation[A].Proceeding of 2001 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium[C].Phoenix:IEEE,2001.2127-2130.
[6] 戈立军,王松,徐微.基于OFDM信号的新型∑Δ调制器研究[J].电子学报,2017,45(1):61-66.GE Li-jun,WANG Song,XU Wei.A novel sigma-delta modulator based on OFDM signals[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2017,45(1):61-66.(in Chinese)
[7] Raab F H.Radio frequency pulse width modulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1973,21(8):958-966.
[8] 冯晖,秦毅男,林争辉.D类功放中全数字PWM结构的非线性误差校正方法[J].电子学报,2007,35(8):1442-1445.FENG Hui,QIN Yi-nan,LIN Zheng-hui.The method of nonlinear error calibration for digital PWM structure in class D amplifier[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2007,35(8):1442-1445.(in Chinese)
[9] Haslach C,Markert D,Frotzscher A,Pascht A.New efficient architectures for RF pulse width modulators[A].Proceeding of 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium[C].Seattle:IEEE,2013.1-3.
[10] Nuyts P A J,Reynaert P,Dehaene W.Afully digital PWM-based 1 to 3 GHz multistandard transmitter in 40-nm CMOS[A].Proceedings of the IEEE Radio Frequence Integrated Circuits Symposium[C].Seattle:IEEE,2013.419-422.
[11] Walling J S,Lakdawala H,Palaskas Y,Ravi A,Degani O,Soumyanath K,Allstot D J.A class-E PA with pulse-width and pulse-position modulation in 65nm CMOS[J].IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits,2009,44(6):1668-1678.
[12] Zhu Q,Ma R,Duan C,Teo K H.A 5-level discrete-time power encoder with measured coding efficiency of 70% for 20-MHz LTE digital transmitter[A].Proceeding of 2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium[C].Tampa:IEEE,2014.1-3.
[13] Francois B,Nuyts P A J,Dehaene W,Reynaert P.Extending dynamic range of RF PWM transmitters[J].Electronics Letters,2013,49(6):430-432.
[14] Cordeiro R F,Oliveira A S R,Vieira J.Relaxing all-digital transmitter filtering requirements through improved PWM waveforms[A].Proceeding of 2015 IEEE MTT-S Interna-tional Microwave Symposium[C].Phoenix:IEEE,2015.1-4.
[15] 周强,陈剑斌,朱蕾.基于RF-PWM的主动谐波消除方法[J].太赫兹科学与电子信息学报,2017,15(5):828-833.ZHOU Qiang,CHEN Jian-bin,ZHU Lei.An active harmonic elimination method based on multi-level RF-PWM for constant envelope signal[J].Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology,2017,15(5):828-833.(in Chinese)
[16] Yao F Q,Zhou Q,Wei Z H.A novel multilevel RF-PWM method with active-harmonic elimination for all-digital transmitters[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2018,66(7):3360-3373.
[17] 田新广,高立志,张尔扬.改善直接数字合成周期信号频率分辨率的两种波形序列[J].电子学报,2004,32(3):388-390.TIAN Xin-guang,GAO Li-zhi,ZHANG Er-yang.Two waveform sequences for improving the frequency resolutions of direct digitally synthesized periodic signals[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2004,32(3):388-390.(in Chinese)
[18] CAI Zhi-kuang,YANG Jun,SHI Long-xing.A nonlinear dynamic bandwidth control algorithm for digitally controlled phase-locked loop[J].Chinese Journal of Electronics,2012,21(2):384-388.
[19] Nuyts P A J,Reynaert P,Dehaene W.Frequency-domain analysis of digital PWM-based RF modulators for flexible wireless transmitters[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I:Regular Papers,2014,61(1):238-246.
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