玛湖凹陷砾岩大油区勘探新突破及启示
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摘要
准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷1993年发现玛北油田、1994年发现玛6井区油藏之后,近20年勘探工作未获重大进展。2010年,针对玛湖凹陷资源条件、储集层条件和增产潜力进行了整体评价,认为玛湖凹陷斜坡区是石油预探的重大战略领域。由此转变勘探理念,由源边断裂带构造勘探逐步转到源内主体区岩性勘探,自2012年之后连续6年持续获得发现,截至目前已发现六大油藏群,形成南、北两个大油区。新增三级储量12.4×10~8t,其中探明地质储量5.2×10~8t.玛湖凹陷砾岩大油区的发现,证实了源上砾岩储集层在断裂沟通下可大面积成藏,证实了细分切割体积压裂技术能够实现低渗透砾岩油藏的有效开发。
There had been no significant breakthrough in petroleum exploration in Mahu sag of Junggar basin for about 20 years after the discoveries of Mabei oilfield in 1993 and Ma-6 area in 1994. An overall evaluation was conducted regarding the resources, reservoirs andstimulation potential in Mahu sag in the year of 2010. The results showed that the slope area in Mahu sag was the key strategic area for petroleum exploration. Then the exploration idea was changed from the exploration for structures in the fault zones around source to the exploration for lithological reservoirs in the major area within source. Since 2012 more and more discoveries have been achieved successively.Up to now, 6 large reservoir groups have been discovered and 2 large oil provinces have been proved in the south and north, respectively.The incremental OOIP is 12.4×10~8 t, among which the proved reserves is 5.2×10~8 t. The discovery of the large conglomerate oil provinceproves that hydrocarbon could accumulate in the abovesource conglomerate reservoirs under the conditions of fracture connecting, and efficient development could be realized in low-permeability conglomerate reservoirs by using fine volume fracturing technology.
There had been no significant breakthrough in petroleum exploration in Mahu sag of Junggar basin for about 20 years after the discoveries of Mabei oilfield in 1993 and Ma-6 area in 1994. An overall evaluation was conducted regarding the resources, reservoirs andstimulation potential in Mahu sag in the year of 2010. The results showed that the slope area in Mahu sag was the key strategic area for petroleum exploration. Then the exploration idea was changed from the exploration for structures in the fault zones around source to the exploration for lithological reservoirs in the major area within source. Since 2012 more and more discoveries have been achieved successively.Up to now, 6 large reservoir groups have been discovered and 2 large oil provinces have been proved in the south and north, respectively.The incremental OOIP is 12.4×10~8 t, among which the proved reserves is 5.2×10~8 t. The discovery of the large conglomerate oil provinceproves that hydrocarbon could accumulate in the abovesource conglomerate reservoirs under the conditions of fracture connecting, and efficient development could be realized in low-permeability conglomerate reservoirs by using fine volume fracturing technology.
引文
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[11]杨帆,卫延召,阿不力米提·依明,等.准噶尔盆地环玛湖凹陷中-上二叠统有利区储盖组合优选[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(2):131-137.YANG Fan,WEI Yanzhao,Abulimiti·YIMING,et al.Optimization of favorable reservoir-caprock assemblages of Middle-Upper Permian in Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(2):131-137.
[12]韩宝,王昌伟,盛世锋,等.准噶尔盆地中拐-五区二叠系不整合面对油气成藏控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(12):1 821-1 828.HAN Bao,WANG Changwei,SHENG Shifeng,et al.Controls of the Permian unconformity on reservoir formation in Zhongguai-District 5 area of Junggar basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(12):1 821-1 828.
[13]楼章华,兰翔,卢庆梅,等.地形、气候与湖面波动对浅水三角洲沉积环境的控制作用--以松辽盆地北部东区葡萄花油层为例[J].地质学报,1999,73(1):83-92.LOU Zhanghua,LAN Xiang,LU Qingmei,et al.Controls of the topography,climate and lake level fluctuation on the depositional environment of a shallow-water delta-a case study of the Cretaceous Putaohua reservoir in the northern part of Songliao basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1999,73(1):83-92.
[14]朱筱敏,刘媛,方庆,等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式:以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):89-99.ZHU Xiaomin,LIU Yuan,FANG Qing,et al.Formation and sedimentary model of shallow delta in large-scale lake:example fom Cretaceous Quantou formation in Sanzhao sag,Songliao basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):89-99.
[15]唐勇,尹太举,覃建华,等.大型浅水扇三角洲发育的沉积物理模拟实验研究[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(3):253-263.TANG Yong,YIN Taiju,QIN Jianhua,et al.Development of largescale shallow-water fan delta:sedimentary laboratory simulation and experiments[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(3):253-263.
[16]朱筱敏,潘荣,赵东娜,等.湖盆浅水三角洲形成发育与实例分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(5):7-14.ZHU Xiaomin,PAN Rong,ZHAO Dongna,et al.Formation and development of shallow-water deltas in lacustrine basin and typical case analyses[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2013,37(5):7-14.
[17]唐勇,徐洋,李亚哲,等.玛湖凹陷大型浅水退覆式扇三角洲沉积模式及勘探意义[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):16-22.TANG Yong,XU Yang,LI Yazhe,et al.Sedimentation model and exploration significance of large-scaled shallow retrogradation fan delta in Mahu sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(1):16-22.
[18]韩晓东,楼章华,姚炎明,等.松辽盆地湖泊浅水三角洲沉积动力学研究[J].矿物学报,2000,20(2):305-313.HAN Xiaodong,LOU Zhanghua,YAO Yanming,et al.Analysis of the sedimentary dynamic process of the shallow-water lake delta in the Songliao basin,northeast China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2000,20(2):305-313.
[19]支东明.玛湖凹陷百口泉组准连续型高效油藏的发现与成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):373-382.ZHI Dongming.Discovery and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of quasi-continuous high-efficiency reservoirs of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(4):373-382.
[20]袁选俊,邹才能,贾承造,等.坳陷湖盆大型浅水三角洲成因模式与大面积岩性油气藏勘探[C].山东青岛:第四届全国沉积学大会论文集,2009:252-253.YUAN Xuanjun,ZOU Caineng,JIA Chengzao,et al.Formation model of large shallow-water delta in depression lake basin and large area exploration of lithologic reservoirs[C].Qingdao,Shandong:The Fourth National Sedimentary Conference,2009:252-253.
[21]唐勇,徐洋,瞿建华,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲群特征及分布[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):628-635.TANG Yong,XU Yang,QU Jianhua,et al.Fan-delta group characteristics and its distribution of the Triassic Baikouquan reservoirs in Mahu area of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(6):628-635.
[2]匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组扇控大面积岩性油藏勘探实践[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(6):14-23.KUANG Lichun,TANG Yong,LEI Dewen,et al.Exploration of fancontrolled large-area lithologic oil reservoirs of Triassic Baikouquan formation in slope zone of Mahu depression in Junggar basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(6):14-23.
[3]支东明,唐勇,郑孟林,等.玛湖凹陷源上砾岩大油区形成分布与勘探实践[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):1-8.ZHI Dongming,TANG Yong,ZHENG Menglin,et al.Discovery,distribution and exploration practice of large oil provinces of abovesource conglomerate in Mahu sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(1):1-8.
[4]雷德文,陈刚强,刘海磊,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷大油(气)区形成条件与勘探方向研究[J].地质学报,2017,91(7):1 604-1 619.LEI Dewen,CHEN Gangqiang,LIU Hailei,et al.Study on the forming conditions and exploration fields of the Mahu giant oil(gas)province,Junggar basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(7):1 604-1 619.
[5]支东明,曹剑,向宝力,等.玛湖凹陷风城组碱湖烃源岩生烃机理及资源量新认识[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(5):499-506.ZHI Dongming,CAO Jian,XIANG Baoli,et al.Fengcheng alkaline lacustrine source rocks of Lower Permian in Mahu sag in Junggar basin:hydrocarbon generation mechanism and petroleum resources reestimation[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(5):499-506.
[6]曹剑,雷德文,李玉文,等.古老碱湖优质烃源岩:准噶尔盆地下二叠统风城组[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):781-790.CAO Jian,LEI Dewen,LI Yuwen,et al.Ancient high-quality alkaline lacustrine source rocks discovered in the Lower Permian Fengcheng formation,Junggar basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):781-790.
[7]王小军,王婷婷,曹剑.玛湖凹陷风城组碱湖烃源岩基本特征及其高效生烃[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):9-15.WANG Xiaojun,WANG Tingting,CAO Jian.Basic characteristics and highly efficient hydrocarbon generation of alkaline-lacustrine source rocks in Fengcheng formation of Mahu sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(1):9-15.
[8]陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,等.准噶尔盆地烃源岩与原油地球化学特征[J].地质学报,2016,90(1):37-67.CHEN Jianping,WANG Xulong,DENG Chunping,et al.Geochemical features of source rocks and crude oil in the Junggar basin,northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(1):37-67.
[9]张志杰,袁选俊,汪梦诗,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积特征与古环境演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(6):972-984.ZHANG Zhijie,YUAN Xuanjun,WANG Mengshi,et al.Alkaline-lacustrine deposition and paleoenvironmental evolution in Permian Fengcheng formation at the Mahu sag,Junggar,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(6):972-984.
[10]雷德文,瞿建华,安志渊,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组低渗砂砾岩油气藏成藏条件及富集规律[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(6):642-647.LEI Dewen,QU Jianhua,AN Zhiyuan,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and enrichument regularity of low-permeability glutenite reservoirs of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(6):642-647.
[11]杨帆,卫延召,阿不力米提·依明,等.准噶尔盆地环玛湖凹陷中-上二叠统有利区储盖组合优选[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(2):131-137.YANG Fan,WEI Yanzhao,Abulimiti·YIMING,et al.Optimization of favorable reservoir-caprock assemblages of Middle-Upper Permian in Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(2):131-137.
[12]韩宝,王昌伟,盛世锋,等.准噶尔盆地中拐-五区二叠系不整合面对油气成藏控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(12):1 821-1 828.HAN Bao,WANG Changwei,SHENG Shifeng,et al.Controls of the Permian unconformity on reservoir formation in Zhongguai-District 5 area of Junggar basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(12):1 821-1 828.
[13]楼章华,兰翔,卢庆梅,等.地形、气候与湖面波动对浅水三角洲沉积环境的控制作用--以松辽盆地北部东区葡萄花油层为例[J].地质学报,1999,73(1):83-92.LOU Zhanghua,LAN Xiang,LU Qingmei,et al.Controls of the topography,climate and lake level fluctuation on the depositional environment of a shallow-water delta-a case study of the Cretaceous Putaohua reservoir in the northern part of Songliao basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1999,73(1):83-92.
[14]朱筱敏,刘媛,方庆,等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式:以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):89-99.ZHU Xiaomin,LIU Yuan,FANG Qing,et al.Formation and sedimentary model of shallow delta in large-scale lake:example fom Cretaceous Quantou formation in Sanzhao sag,Songliao basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):89-99.
[15]唐勇,尹太举,覃建华,等.大型浅水扇三角洲发育的沉积物理模拟实验研究[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(3):253-263.TANG Yong,YIN Taiju,QIN Jianhua,et al.Development of largescale shallow-water fan delta:sedimentary laboratory simulation and experiments[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(3):253-263.
[16]朱筱敏,潘荣,赵东娜,等.湖盆浅水三角洲形成发育与实例分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(5):7-14.ZHU Xiaomin,PAN Rong,ZHAO Dongna,et al.Formation and development of shallow-water deltas in lacustrine basin and typical case analyses[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2013,37(5):7-14.
[17]唐勇,徐洋,李亚哲,等.玛湖凹陷大型浅水退覆式扇三角洲沉积模式及勘探意义[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):16-22.TANG Yong,XU Yang,LI Yazhe,et al.Sedimentation model and exploration significance of large-scaled shallow retrogradation fan delta in Mahu sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(1):16-22.
[18]韩晓东,楼章华,姚炎明,等.松辽盆地湖泊浅水三角洲沉积动力学研究[J].矿物学报,2000,20(2):305-313.HAN Xiaodong,LOU Zhanghua,YAO Yanming,et al.Analysis of the sedimentary dynamic process of the shallow-water lake delta in the Songliao basin,northeast China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2000,20(2):305-313.
[19]支东明.玛湖凹陷百口泉组准连续型高效油藏的发现与成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):373-382.ZHI Dongming.Discovery and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of quasi-continuous high-efficiency reservoirs of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(4):373-382.
[20]袁选俊,邹才能,贾承造,等.坳陷湖盆大型浅水三角洲成因模式与大面积岩性油气藏勘探[C].山东青岛:第四届全国沉积学大会论文集,2009:252-253.YUAN Xuanjun,ZOU Caineng,JIA Chengzao,et al.Formation model of large shallow-water delta in depression lake basin and large area exploration of lithologic reservoirs[C].Qingdao,Shandong:The Fourth National Sedimentary Conference,2009:252-253.
[21]唐勇,徐洋,瞿建华,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲群特征及分布[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):628-635.TANG Yong,XU Yang,QU Jianhua,et al.Fan-delta group characteristics and its distribution of the Triassic Baikouquan reservoirs in Mahu area of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(6):628-635.