中东扎格罗斯盆地:沿走向变化的构造及油气特征
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摘要
扎格罗斯盆地是全球富含油气的前陆盆地,沿走向不同构造段的油气储量规模差别巨大,各段构造特征及其对油气富集和主控因素的认识是海外超前选区选带的重要基础。本文综合分析沿盆地走向(NW-SE向)的土耳其迪亚巴克尔段、伊拉克基尔库克段以及伊朗洛雷斯坦段、胡齐斯坦段和法尔斯段等5段的构造特征、油气成藏特征及其主控因素。结果表明:扎格罗斯盆地沿走向各段油气2P可采储量差异明显,胡齐斯坦段和基尔库克段储量规模最大,且以新近系储层为主;扎格罗斯造山作用形成一系列背斜构造、不同时期形成的蒸发盐岩盖层影响盆地各段油气聚集差异;中新世以来,随着阿拉伯板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞,扎格罗斯盆地发生了大规模的挤压褶皱作用,下白垩统油气沿裂缝向上运移至渐新统-中新统优质储层中;基尔库克段和胡齐斯坦段新生界沉积物厚度较大,渐新统-中新统蒸发岩为优质的区域性盖层,对新生界油气的保存起重要作用;法尔斯段构造变形较为强烈,三叠系之上的上侏罗统、中新统蒸发岩受不同程度的破坏,油气主要分布于下三叠统-上二叠统碳酸盐岩。通过本研究将对中东扎格罗斯盆地的新项目评价具有一定的指导意义。
The Zagros basin is one of the most important petroleum-bearing foreland basins in the world,with quite different reserves of different sections along strike. To understand structural characteristics,oil and gas accumulation and the controlling factors is an important foundation when developing the oversea new venture evaluation. We take the the synthetical analysis of the along-strike( NWSE) structural deformation differences,hydrocarbon accumulation and the controlling factors of the Diyarbakir section of Turkey,the Kirkuk section of Iraq,and Luristan,Khuzestan and Fars sections of Iran. The results show an obviously different 2 P recoverable reserves of oil and gas along the strike in the Zagros basin. The Khuzestan section has the largest reserves and is dominated by Neogene reservoirs.The Zagros orogenesis forms a series of anticline structures,and the evaporite caprock forming in different periods affects the oil and gas accumulation differences in various sections of the basin. Since the Miocene,with the continuous collision between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate and the large-scale compression and folding occurring in the basin,the Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon can migrates upward to the Oligocene-Miocene reservoirs along the fractures. The Cenozoic sediment is quite thick in Kirkuk and Khuzestan sections,and the Oligocene-Miocene evaporite can be a quite good regional caprock. The deformation in Fars section is strong,and the Upper Jurassic and Miocene evaporites are destroyed in different scale and the hydrocarbon mainly accumulates within the Upper Permian to Lower Triassic carbonate reservoirs. This study will provide the guidance of the new venture evaluation of the Zagros basin.
The Zagros basin is one of the most important petroleum-bearing foreland basins in the world,with quite different reserves of different sections along strike. To understand structural characteristics,oil and gas accumulation and the controlling factors is an important foundation when developing the oversea new venture evaluation. We take the the synthetical analysis of the along-strike( NWSE) structural deformation differences,hydrocarbon accumulation and the controlling factors of the Diyarbakir section of Turkey,the Kirkuk section of Iraq,and Luristan,Khuzestan and Fars sections of Iran. The results show an obviously different 2 P recoverable reserves of oil and gas along the strike in the Zagros basin. The Khuzestan section has the largest reserves and is dominated by Neogene reservoirs.The Zagros orogenesis forms a series of anticline structures,and the evaporite caprock forming in different periods affects the oil and gas accumulation differences in various sections of the basin. Since the Miocene,with the continuous collision between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate and the large-scale compression and folding occurring in the basin,the Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon can migrates upward to the Oligocene-Miocene reservoirs along the fractures. The Cenozoic sediment is quite thick in Kirkuk and Khuzestan sections,and the Oligocene-Miocene evaporite can be a quite good regional caprock. The deformation in Fars section is strong,and the Upper Jurassic and Miocene evaporites are destroyed in different scale and the hydrocarbon mainly accumulates within the Upper Permian to Lower Triassic carbonate reservoirs. This study will provide the guidance of the new venture evaluation of the Zagros basin.
引文
Alavi M.1994.Tectonics of the Zagros orogenic belt of Iran:New data and interpretations.Tectonophysics,229(3-4):211-238
Al-Husseini MI.2000.Origin of the Arabian Plate structures:Amar collision and Najd rift.Geo Arabia,5(4):527-542
Alsharhan AS and Nairn AEM.2003.Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology of the Middle East.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1-843
Bahroudi A and Talbot CJ.2003.The configuration of the basement beneath the Zagros Basin.Journal of Petroleum Geology,26(3):257-282
Bai GP.2007.Petrolem Geology Features in Middle East.Beijing:China Petrochemical Press(in Chinese)
Bai GP and Zheng L.2017.Distribution patterns of giant gas fields in the world.Natural Gas Geoscience,18(2):161-167(in Chinese with English abstract)
Berberian M.1995.Master“blind”thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds:Active basement tectonics and surface morphotectonics.Tectonophysics,241(3-4):193-195,197,199-224
Beydoun ZR,Hughes MW and Stoneley R.1992.Petroleum in the Zagros Basin:A Late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic-Mesozoic passivemargin shelf.In:Macqueen RW and Leckie DA(eds.).Foreland Basins and Fold Belts.Tulsa:AAPG,55:309-340
Bordenave ML and Burwood R.1989.Source rock distribution and maturation in the Zagros Orogenic Belt:Provenance of the Asmari and Bangestan reservoir oil accumulations.Organic Geochemistry,16(1-3):369-387
Bosold A,Schwarzhans W,Julapour A,Ashrafzadeh AR and Ehsani SM.2005.The structural geology of the High Central Zagros revisited(Iran).Petroleum Geoscience,11(3):225-238
Bretis B,Bartl N and Grasemann B.2011.Lateral fold growth and linkage in the Zagros fold and thrust belt(Kurdistan,NE Iraq).Basin Research,23(6):615-630
Dunnington HV.1958.Generation,migration,accumulation,and dissipation of oil in northern Iraq.In Weeks LG(ed.).Habitat of Oil.Tulsa:AAPG,1194-1251
He DF,Tong XG,Wen ZX,Jia XL,He JY and Wang ZM.2015.Formation and Distribution of Giant Oil and Gas Fields in the World.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese)
James GA and Wynd JG.1965.Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium agreement area.AAPG Bulletin,49(12):2182-2245
Jassim SZ and Buday T.2006.Units of the stable shelf.In:Jassim SZand Goff JC(eds.).Geology of Iraq.Brno:Dolin,Prague,&Moravian Museum,57-70
Jia XL,He DF and Tong XG.2013.Formation and distribution of giant oil and gas fields in Zagros Foreland Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,18(5):54-67(in Chinese with English abstract)
Konert G,Al-Hajri SA,Al Naim AA,Afifi AM,de Groot K and Droste HJ.2001.Paleozoic stratigraphy and hydrocarbon habitat of the Arabian Plate.In:Downey MW,Threet JC and Morgan WA(eds.).Petroleum Provinces of the 21stCentury.Tulsa:AAPG,74:483-515
Liu XB,Wen ZX,Wang ZM,He ZJ and Song CP.2018.Structural characteristics and main controlling factors on petroleum accumulation in Zagros basin,Middle East.Natural Gas Geoscience,29(7):973-981(in Chinese with English abstract)
Mansurbeg H,Morad D,Othman R,Morad S,Ceriani A,Al-Aasm I,Kolo K,Spirov P,Proust JN,Preat A and Koyi H.2016.Hydrothermal dolomitization of the Bekhme Formation(Upper Cretaceous),Zagros Basin,Kurdistan Region of Iraq:Record of oil migration and degradation.Sedimentary Geology,341:147-162
Mc Quarrie N.2004.Crustal scale geometry of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran.Journal of Structural Geology,26(3):519-535
Pitman JK,Steinshouer D and Lewan M D.2004.Petroleum generation and migration in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros Fold Belt of Iraq:Results form a basin-modeling study.Geo Arabia,9(4):41-72
Ramsey LA,Walker RT and Jackson J.2008.Fold evolution and drainage development in the Zagros mountains of Fars Province,SEIran.Basin Research,20(1):23-48
Rigassi D.1971.Petroleum geology of Turkey.In:Campbell AS(ed.).Geology and History of Turkey.Tripoli:Petroleum Exploration Society of Libya
Salem R,Ozbahceci H,Ungor A and Isbilir M.1992.Raman,BatiRaman&Garzan fields-Turkey Diyarbakir Basin,southeast Turkey.In:Beaumont EA and Foster NH(eds.).Structural Traps VII:AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology,Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields.Tulsa:American Association of Petroleum Geologists,173-195
Sepehr M and Cosgrove JW.2004.Structural framework of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(7):829-843
Sharland PR,Archer R,Casey DM,Davies RB,Hall HS,Heward PA,Horbury DA and Simmon DM.2001.Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy.Manama,Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,2:1-371
Tong XG,Zhang G and Gao YS.2004.Atlas of World Petroleum Exploration and Production:Middle East.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese)
Wennberg OP,Azizzadeh M,Aqrawi AAM,Blanc E,Brockbank P,Lyslo KB,Pickard N,Salem LD and Svana T.2007.The Khaviz Anticline:An outcrop analogue to giant fractured Asmari Formation reservoirs in SW Iran.In:Lonergen L,Jolly RJH,Rawnsley K and Sanderson DJ(eds.).Fractured Reservoirs.Geological Society,London,Special Publication,270:23-42
Yan Z,Wang ZQ,Yan QR,Fang AM and Chen JL.2018.Identification and reconstruction of tectonic archetype of the sedimentary basin within the orogenic belt developed along convergent margin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,34(7):1943-1958(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhu WL,Bai GP and Li JS.2014.Petroleum Basin in Middle East.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese)
Ziegler MA.2001.Late Permian to Holocene paleofacies evolution of the Arabian Plate and its hydrocarbon occurrences.Geo Arabia,6(3):445-504
白国平.2007.中东油气区油气地质特征.北京:中国石化出版社
白国平,郑磊.2007.世界大气田分布特征.天然气地球科学,18(2):161-167
何登发,童晓光,温志新,贾小乐,何金有,王兆明.2015.全球大油气田形成条件与分布规律.北京:科学出版社
贾小乐,何登发,童晓光.2013.扎格罗斯前陆盆地大油气田的形成条件与分布规律.中国石油勘探,18(5):54-67
刘小兵,温志新,王兆明,贺正军,宋成鹏.2018.中东扎格罗斯盆地构造演化与油气分布.天然气地球科学,29(7):973-981
童晓光,张刚,高永生.2004.世界石油勘探开发图集(中东地区分册).北京:石油工业出版社
闫臻,王宗起,闫全人,方爱民,陈隽璐.2018.造山带汇聚板块边缘沉积盆地的鉴别与恢复.岩石学报,34(7):1943-1958
朱伟林,白国平,李劲松.2014.中东含油气盆地.北京:科学出版社
(1)IHS. 2017. International energy oil&gas industry solutions.http://www. ihs. com/industry/oil-gas/international. aspx
Al-Husseini MI.2000.Origin of the Arabian Plate structures:Amar collision and Najd rift.Geo Arabia,5(4):527-542
Alsharhan AS and Nairn AEM.2003.Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology of the Middle East.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1-843
Bahroudi A and Talbot CJ.2003.The configuration of the basement beneath the Zagros Basin.Journal of Petroleum Geology,26(3):257-282
Bai GP.2007.Petrolem Geology Features in Middle East.Beijing:China Petrochemical Press(in Chinese)
Bai GP and Zheng L.2017.Distribution patterns of giant gas fields in the world.Natural Gas Geoscience,18(2):161-167(in Chinese with English abstract)
Berberian M.1995.Master“blind”thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds:Active basement tectonics and surface morphotectonics.Tectonophysics,241(3-4):193-195,197,199-224
Beydoun ZR,Hughes MW and Stoneley R.1992.Petroleum in the Zagros Basin:A Late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic-Mesozoic passivemargin shelf.In:Macqueen RW and Leckie DA(eds.).Foreland Basins and Fold Belts.Tulsa:AAPG,55:309-340
Bordenave ML and Burwood R.1989.Source rock distribution and maturation in the Zagros Orogenic Belt:Provenance of the Asmari and Bangestan reservoir oil accumulations.Organic Geochemistry,16(1-3):369-387
Bosold A,Schwarzhans W,Julapour A,Ashrafzadeh AR and Ehsani SM.2005.The structural geology of the High Central Zagros revisited(Iran).Petroleum Geoscience,11(3):225-238
Bretis B,Bartl N and Grasemann B.2011.Lateral fold growth and linkage in the Zagros fold and thrust belt(Kurdistan,NE Iraq).Basin Research,23(6):615-630
Dunnington HV.1958.Generation,migration,accumulation,and dissipation of oil in northern Iraq.In Weeks LG(ed.).Habitat of Oil.Tulsa:AAPG,1194-1251
He DF,Tong XG,Wen ZX,Jia XL,He JY and Wang ZM.2015.Formation and Distribution of Giant Oil and Gas Fields in the World.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese)
James GA and Wynd JG.1965.Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium agreement area.AAPG Bulletin,49(12):2182-2245
Jassim SZ and Buday T.2006.Units of the stable shelf.In:Jassim SZand Goff JC(eds.).Geology of Iraq.Brno:Dolin,Prague,&Moravian Museum,57-70
Jia XL,He DF and Tong XG.2013.Formation and distribution of giant oil and gas fields in Zagros Foreland Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,18(5):54-67(in Chinese with English abstract)
Konert G,Al-Hajri SA,Al Naim AA,Afifi AM,de Groot K and Droste HJ.2001.Paleozoic stratigraphy and hydrocarbon habitat of the Arabian Plate.In:Downey MW,Threet JC and Morgan WA(eds.).Petroleum Provinces of the 21stCentury.Tulsa:AAPG,74:483-515
Liu XB,Wen ZX,Wang ZM,He ZJ and Song CP.2018.Structural characteristics and main controlling factors on petroleum accumulation in Zagros basin,Middle East.Natural Gas Geoscience,29(7):973-981(in Chinese with English abstract)
Mansurbeg H,Morad D,Othman R,Morad S,Ceriani A,Al-Aasm I,Kolo K,Spirov P,Proust JN,Preat A and Koyi H.2016.Hydrothermal dolomitization of the Bekhme Formation(Upper Cretaceous),Zagros Basin,Kurdistan Region of Iraq:Record of oil migration and degradation.Sedimentary Geology,341:147-162
Mc Quarrie N.2004.Crustal scale geometry of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran.Journal of Structural Geology,26(3):519-535
Pitman JK,Steinshouer D and Lewan M D.2004.Petroleum generation and migration in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros Fold Belt of Iraq:Results form a basin-modeling study.Geo Arabia,9(4):41-72
Ramsey LA,Walker RT and Jackson J.2008.Fold evolution and drainage development in the Zagros mountains of Fars Province,SEIran.Basin Research,20(1):23-48
Rigassi D.1971.Petroleum geology of Turkey.In:Campbell AS(ed.).Geology and History of Turkey.Tripoli:Petroleum Exploration Society of Libya
Salem R,Ozbahceci H,Ungor A and Isbilir M.1992.Raman,BatiRaman&Garzan fields-Turkey Diyarbakir Basin,southeast Turkey.In:Beaumont EA and Foster NH(eds.).Structural Traps VII:AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology,Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields.Tulsa:American Association of Petroleum Geologists,173-195
Sepehr M and Cosgrove JW.2004.Structural framework of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt,Iran.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(7):829-843
Sharland PR,Archer R,Casey DM,Davies RB,Hall HS,Heward PA,Horbury DA and Simmon DM.2001.Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy.Manama,Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,2:1-371
Tong XG,Zhang G and Gao YS.2004.Atlas of World Petroleum Exploration and Production:Middle East.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese)
Wennberg OP,Azizzadeh M,Aqrawi AAM,Blanc E,Brockbank P,Lyslo KB,Pickard N,Salem LD and Svana T.2007.The Khaviz Anticline:An outcrop analogue to giant fractured Asmari Formation reservoirs in SW Iran.In:Lonergen L,Jolly RJH,Rawnsley K and Sanderson DJ(eds.).Fractured Reservoirs.Geological Society,London,Special Publication,270:23-42
Yan Z,Wang ZQ,Yan QR,Fang AM and Chen JL.2018.Identification and reconstruction of tectonic archetype of the sedimentary basin within the orogenic belt developed along convergent margin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,34(7):1943-1958(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhu WL,Bai GP and Li JS.2014.Petroleum Basin in Middle East.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese)
Ziegler MA.2001.Late Permian to Holocene paleofacies evolution of the Arabian Plate and its hydrocarbon occurrences.Geo Arabia,6(3):445-504
白国平.2007.中东油气区油气地质特征.北京:中国石化出版社
白国平,郑磊.2007.世界大气田分布特征.天然气地球科学,18(2):161-167
何登发,童晓光,温志新,贾小乐,何金有,王兆明.2015.全球大油气田形成条件与分布规律.北京:科学出版社
贾小乐,何登发,童晓光.2013.扎格罗斯前陆盆地大油气田的形成条件与分布规律.中国石油勘探,18(5):54-67
刘小兵,温志新,王兆明,贺正军,宋成鹏.2018.中东扎格罗斯盆地构造演化与油气分布.天然气地球科学,29(7):973-981
童晓光,张刚,高永生.2004.世界石油勘探开发图集(中东地区分册).北京:石油工业出版社
闫臻,王宗起,闫全人,方爱民,陈隽璐.2018.造山带汇聚板块边缘沉积盆地的鉴别与恢复.岩石学报,34(7):1943-1958
朱伟林,白国平,李劲松.2014.中东含油气盆地.北京:科学出版社
(1)IHS. 2017. International energy oil&gas industry solutions.http://www. ihs. com/industry/oil-gas/international. aspx
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