四川盆地外复杂地质条件区海相页岩气“甜点区”优选:以湘西北地区古生界为例
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摘要
针对湘西北地区古生界页岩气勘探困难等问题,分析多年来钻井地质成果,对海相页岩气聚集条件进行研究,提出四川盆地外复杂地质条件区"甜点区"评价参数体系,量化界线及权重,涵盖4个方面16个指标,并强调生烃条件和保存条件,优选勘探"甜点区"。研究结果表明:黑色页岩主要发育于深水陆棚相,有机质类型较好,以Ⅰ型干酪根为主;牛蹄塘组富有机质页岩厚度及其丰度明显比国内其他勘探层系的高;五峰组—龙马溪组有机质丰度与四川盆地的相似,但厚度(仅20～30 m)不足;有机质热演化进入高成熟阶段,有利于勘探与开发;页岩矿物质量分数具有"两低—高"的特征,即低质量分数的碳酸盐岩、低质量分数的黏土矿物和高质量分数的石英;页岩储层微观发育多种类型孔隙和微裂缝,但有机质孔控制储层特征,如渗透率、吸附能力等;对于五峰组—龙马溪组,向斜核部属于残留型保存构造样式;对于牛蹄塘组,背斜核部属于破坏型保存构造样式,而向斜核部属于残留型或完整型保存构造样式;优选牛蹄塘组"甜点区"位于雪峰隆起的北西缘逆冲推覆带下盘,而五峰组—龙马溪组"甜点区"应该靠近四川盆地龙山一带的残留向斜。
Aiming at the predicament of Paleozoic shale gas exploration in Northwestern Hunan Province, the drilling geological results for many years were analyzed, the accumulation conditions of marine shale gas were conducted, and the evaluation parameter system of "sweet spots zone" in the complex geological conditions outside the Sichuan basin was proposed. Boundaries and weights were also quantified, covering 16 indicators in 4 aspects, and the hydrocarbon generation and preservation conditions were emphasized. "Sweet spots zone" in the study area was optimized. The results show that the black shale is mainly developed in deep-water shelf with high total organic matter mass fraction w(TOC),and the organic matter is mainly type I. The thickness and abundance of organic-rich shale in the Niutitang Formation(∈1 n) are significantly higher than that in other exploration layers in China. Although the w(TOC) of Wufeng—Longmaxi Formation(O3 w—S1 l) is similar to that of the Sichuan basin, the thickness(only 20—30 m) is insufficient. These two sets shales both reach high maturity stage, which is conducive to exploration and development of shale gas. Shale minerals are characterized by "low carbonate, low clay and high quartz contents". Shale reservoirs are microscopically developed with various types of pores and micro-cracks, but organic pores control reservoir characteristics, such as permeability and adsorption capacity. Syncline core belongs to residual preservation tectonic type for O3 w—S1 l. For ∈1 n, syncline core is intact or residual preservation tectonic type, but anticline core belongs to destructive preservation tectonic type. "Sweet spots zone" of the ∈1 n is located in footplate of thrust nappe zone in the northwestern marginal of the Xuefeng uplift, while sweet spots zone of O3 w—S1 l should be located in the residual syncline of the Longshan area, which is close to Sichuan basin.
Aiming at the predicament of Paleozoic shale gas exploration in Northwestern Hunan Province, the drilling geological results for many years were analyzed, the accumulation conditions of marine shale gas were conducted, and the evaluation parameter system of "sweet spots zone" in the complex geological conditions outside the Sichuan basin was proposed. Boundaries and weights were also quantified, covering 16 indicators in 4 aspects, and the hydrocarbon generation and preservation conditions were emphasized. "Sweet spots zone" in the study area was optimized. The results show that the black shale is mainly developed in deep-water shelf with high total organic matter mass fraction w(TOC),and the organic matter is mainly type I. The thickness and abundance of organic-rich shale in the Niutitang Formation(∈1 n) are significantly higher than that in other exploration layers in China. Although the w(TOC) of Wufeng—Longmaxi Formation(O3 w—S1 l) is similar to that of the Sichuan basin, the thickness(only 20—30 m) is insufficient. These two sets shales both reach high maturity stage, which is conducive to exploration and development of shale gas. Shale minerals are characterized by "low carbonate, low clay and high quartz contents". Shale reservoirs are microscopically developed with various types of pores and micro-cracks, but organic pores control reservoir characteristics, such as permeability and adsorption capacity. Syncline core belongs to residual preservation tectonic type for O3 w—S1 l. For ∈1 n, syncline core is intact or residual preservation tectonic type, but anticline core belongs to destructive preservation tectonic type. "Sweet spots zone" of the ∈1 n is located in footplate of thrust nappe zone in the northwestern marginal of the Xuefeng uplift, while sweet spots zone of O3 w—S1 l should be located in the residual syncline of the Longshan area, which is close to Sichuan basin.
引文
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