Muglad盆地Sufyan凹陷下白垩统AG组2段沉积特征与成因模式
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摘要
下白垩统AG组2段(后简称AG2段)是苏丹Muglad盆地Sufyan凹陷的主力烃源岩和最重要的含油层系。本文基于岩石学、测井相、地震相和地震属性研究,对Sufyan凹陷下白垩统AG2段沉积体系进行精细研究,结合其沉积期构造特征、古地貌特征、古气候环境及内物源和外物源发育特征,建立了其断陷期沉积模式。Sufyan凹陷AG组断陷初期为双断模式,南北两侧高陡断层发育规模相当,随着盆地的演化和湖平面的变化,到AG2段进入高水位期,凹陷北部逐渐演变为缓坡沉积环境,南部仍然为陡坡沉积环境。凹陷北部为Babanusa凸起和中非走滑带,为Muglad盆地的盆外物源,凹陷南部以Tomat凸起与Nugara凹陷分割,发育内物源。从钻井和岩心资料来看,凹陷北部以分选较好、细粒沉积为主,在断层下降盘发现中粗粒重力流沉积,反映了北部物源长距离搬运和长期供应的特点,据此建立了断陷后期AG2段北部曲流河三角洲沉积模式,北部物源为主力物源区;南部临近凹陷断裂带钻井揭示其发育较高砂地比的细粒沉积,显示物源供给的周期性和近源性,研究认为发育辨状河三角洲,沉积模式类似于扇三角洲,总体物源供给能力较弱,具有近源水下搬运特征。南部物源和西部物源一起,构成凹陷的次物源。本文综合编制了Sufyan凹陷AG2段沉积期的两期沉积相图,建立了立体沉积模式,认为盆地优质储层应以凹陷中部近烃源岩的区带为目标进行寻找。
The Lower Cretaceous AG2 Formation is the main source rock and dominant oil-bearing layer of Sufyan sag,Muglad Baisn,Sudan. This paper based on the study of lithology,log facies,seismic facies and seismic attribute,studied the AG2 depositional system of Sufyan sag. And analyzed its tectonic features,paleogeomorphology,paleoclimate and provenances,built the sedimentary model of rifting period. The Sufyan is a graben,faulted in the north and south part at the initial rift period,as the basin evolution and water level fluctuation,the north part of sag became gentle slope environment and the south was steep slope yet in AG2 Period. There are Babanusa uplift and Central Africa locate at the northern part of Sufyan sag,which are the extra-provenance of Muglad Basin,and divided with Nugara sag by Tomat small uplift in south direction,and developed the inner-provenance. From the drill data and core data,most of the sandstone is fine-grained and well sorted in northern part of the sag,we find turbidite of medium grained sandstone in the downthrow side,which means the gravity current and the long-distance sediment transportation. We built the AG2 meandering river delta depositional model of northrn part,and judge the north provenance is the dominant one. The drill data shows high sand gross ratio and fine-grained sediment of southern part,and found its near sediment supply and periodicity,we built braided-river delta model of the south sediment supply system. The depositional model of the south is similar with the fan-delta,but has weak sediment supply and subsea sediment transportation characteristics. The south and west are the secondary provenance. This paper compiled two sediment facies maps of AG2 in two periods,built three-dimensional depositional model,and suggest the middle structure area of the sag are favorable prospecting area,which have good reservoir and near the source rock.
The Lower Cretaceous AG2 Formation is the main source rock and dominant oil-bearing layer of Sufyan sag,Muglad Baisn,Sudan. This paper based on the study of lithology,log facies,seismic facies and seismic attribute,studied the AG2 depositional system of Sufyan sag. And analyzed its tectonic features,paleogeomorphology,paleoclimate and provenances,built the sedimentary model of rifting period. The Sufyan is a graben,faulted in the north and south part at the initial rift period,as the basin evolution and water level fluctuation,the north part of sag became gentle slope environment and the south was steep slope yet in AG2 Period. There are Babanusa uplift and Central Africa locate at the northern part of Sufyan sag,which are the extra-provenance of Muglad Basin,and divided with Nugara sag by Tomat small uplift in south direction,and developed the inner-provenance. From the drill data and core data,most of the sandstone is fine-grained and well sorted in northern part of the sag,we find turbidite of medium grained sandstone in the downthrow side,which means the gravity current and the long-distance sediment transportation. We built the AG2 meandering river delta depositional model of northrn part,and judge the north provenance is the dominant one. The drill data shows high sand gross ratio and fine-grained sediment of southern part,and found its near sediment supply and periodicity,we built braided-river delta model of the south sediment supply system. The depositional model of the south is similar with the fan-delta,but has weak sediment supply and subsea sediment transportation characteristics. The south and west are the secondary provenance. This paper compiled two sediment facies maps of AG2 in two periods,built three-dimensional depositional model,and suggest the middle structure area of the sag are favorable prospecting area,which have good reservoir and near the source rock.
引文
Cao H.2016.The oil and gas accumulation control factors of Sufyan sag,Muglad basin.Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,42(6):73-74(in Chinese)
Chen C,Zhu YX,Shi JH,Li SM.Zhang JJ and Wu QY.2016.The forming process and development pattern of shallow water delta in fault depression Lacustrian basin:A case study of AG Formation in the Jake area in Fula sag,Muglad Basin,Sudan.Acta Petrolei Sinica,37(12):1508-1517(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dou LR,Pan XH,Tian ZJ,Xiao KY and Zhang ZW.2006.Hydrocarbon formation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan:Acomparative analysis of them with rift basins in East China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(3):255-261(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fan YF,Chang H,Long X,Wang LZ,Wang RX and Deng YX.2002.Sliding feature of the transforming Muglad Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,29(3):107-110(in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng YL and Xu XS.2006.Syndepositional structural slope-break zone controls on lithologic reservoirs:A case from Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(1):22-25,31(in Chinese with English abstract)
Genik GJ.1993.Petroleum geology of cretaceous-tertiary rift basins in Niger,Chad,and Central African Republic.AAPG Bulletin,77(8):1405-1434
Huang TF,Zhang GY,Liu AX,Shi YL,Huang SP,Ke WL,Liu L,Wang M and Sun XW.2017.Structural features and evolution of the Sufyan depression,Muglad Basin in Sudan-South Sudan.Chinese Journal of Geology,52(1):34-45(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jin FM,Zhang KX,Wang Q,Niu XJ,Yu ZG,Bai GP and Zhao X.2018.Formation mechanisms of good-quality clastic reservoirs in deep formations in rifted basins:A case study of Raoyang sag in Bohai Bay Basin,East China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,45(2):247-256(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li ST,Pan YL,Lu YC,Ren JY,Xie XN and Wang H.2002.Key technology of prospecting and exploration of subtle traps in Lacustrine fault basins:Sequence stratigraphic researches on the basis of high resolution seismic survey.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),27(5):592-598(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li W,Dou LR,Zhang GY,Cheng DS,Wen ZG,Liu AX and Ke WL.2018.Geochemical characteristics of crude oil and their implications for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Fula Sub-basin,Muglad Basin,Sudan.Earth Science Frontiers,25(2):121-129(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin CS,Pan YL,Xiao JX,Kong FX,Liu JY and Zheng HR.2000.Structural slope-break zone:Key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basins.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),25(3):260-266(in Chinese with English abstract)
Myers TS,Tabor NJ and Jacobs LL.2011.Late Jurassic paleoclimate of Central Africa.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,311(1-2):111-125
Myers TS.2013.Mesozoic paleoclimate of Africa.Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,45(7):455
Tong XG,Dou LR,Tian ZJ,Pan XH and Zhu X.2004.Geological mode and hydrocarbon accumulation mode in Muglad passive rift basin of Sudan.Acta Petrolei Sinica,25(1):19-24(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang GL,Wang WQ,Zheng YL and Pan CF.2018.New progress in petroleum geology and new field of exploration in the Muglad Basin,Sudan.Earth Science Frontiers,25(2):33-41(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang YZ.2017.Identifying method of the sedimentary microfacieses for Abu Gabra formation in Sufyan Oilfield.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,36(3):44-48(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang ZJ,Cheng HD and Zhang JQ.2000.Provenance analysis:Perspectives.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,20(4):104-110(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wei YP and Liu CY.2003.Geological model of the Mugland Basin:An identical example of basin evolution at the end of giant strike-slip faults.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,25(2):129-136,142(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu D,Zhu XM,Li Z,Su YD,Liu YH,Zhang MY,Song JF,Liu AX,Chen XY and Zhao DN.2015.Depositional models in Cretaceous rift stages of Fula Sub-basin,Muglad Basin,Sudan.Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(3):319-327(in Chinses with English abstract)
Xu YJ,Du YS and Yang JH.2007.Prospects of sediment provenance analysis.Geological Science and Technology Information,26(3):26-32(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xue LQ and Galloway WE.1991.Fan-delta,braid delta and the classification of delta systems.Acta Geologica Sinica,65(2):141-153(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xue LQ,Fan TL,Xu DF,Liu GQ,Huang W and Cheng Y.2004.Sequence stratigraphic study and exploration target appraisal of AGFormation in northeastern Muglad basin,Sudan.Oil&Gas Geology,25(5):506-512(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang C,Zou Q and Ke WL.2017.The application of constrained sparse spike inversion in Sufyan Sag.Unconventional Oil&Gas,4(4):47-54(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang RC,Li JB,Fan AP,Zong M and Zhang T.2013.Research progress and development tendency of provenance analysis on terrigenous sedimentary rocks.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(1):99-107(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yassin MA,Hariri MM,Abdullatif OM,Korvin G and Makkawi M.2017.Evolution history of transtensional pull-apart,oblique rift basin and its implication on hydrocarbon exploration:A case study from Sufyan Sub-basin,Muglad Basin,Sudan.Marine and Petroleum Geology,79:282-299
Yuan XJ and Qiao HS.2002.Exploration of subtle reservoir in prolific depression of Bohai bay Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,23(2):130-133(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang YM.2007.Petroleum system in the Sufyan depression of Muglad basin in Sudan.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,29(6):572-576(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang YM and Gu Q.2009.Petroleum system of the Sufyan depression at the eastern margin of a huge strike-slip fault zone in Central Africa.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(6):1182-1187
Zhao YJ,Han YC,Liu XN,Yu YJ and Wang JC.2008.Petroleum geologic feature and exploration potential of Sufyan Depression,Muglad Basin.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),30(3):19-23(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou LH,Shi XS,Guan QS,Yang P,Lin L and Wu JP.2017.Geological characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation of Nanpi Slope in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai bay basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,28(9):1289-1297(in Chinese with English abstract)
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陈诚,朱怡翔,石军辉,李顺明,张佳佳,吴穹螈.2016.断陷湖盆浅水三角洲的形成过程与发育模式---以苏丹Muglad盆地Fula凹陷Jake地区AG组为例.石油学报,37(12):1508-1517
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范迎风,苌衡,龙翔,王立志,王瑞霞,邓已寻.2002.转换型Muglad盆地的走滑特征.石油勘探与开发,29(3):107-110
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Chen C,Zhu YX,Shi JH,Li SM.Zhang JJ and Wu QY.2016.The forming process and development pattern of shallow water delta in fault depression Lacustrian basin:A case study of AG Formation in the Jake area in Fula sag,Muglad Basin,Sudan.Acta Petrolei Sinica,37(12):1508-1517(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dou LR,Pan XH,Tian ZJ,Xiao KY and Zhang ZW.2006.Hydrocarbon formation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan:Acomparative analysis of them with rift basins in East China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(3):255-261(in Chinese with English abstract)
Fan YF,Chang H,Long X,Wang LZ,Wang RX and Deng YX.2002.Sliding feature of the transforming Muglad Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,29(3):107-110(in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng YL and Xu XS.2006.Syndepositional structural slope-break zone controls on lithologic reservoirs:A case from Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(1):22-25,31(in Chinese with English abstract)
Genik GJ.1993.Petroleum geology of cretaceous-tertiary rift basins in Niger,Chad,and Central African Republic.AAPG Bulletin,77(8):1405-1434
Huang TF,Zhang GY,Liu AX,Shi YL,Huang SP,Ke WL,Liu L,Wang M and Sun XW.2017.Structural features and evolution of the Sufyan depression,Muglad Basin in Sudan-South Sudan.Chinese Journal of Geology,52(1):34-45(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jin FM,Zhang KX,Wang Q,Niu XJ,Yu ZG,Bai GP and Zhao X.2018.Formation mechanisms of good-quality clastic reservoirs in deep formations in rifted basins:A case study of Raoyang sag in Bohai Bay Basin,East China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,45(2):247-256(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li ST,Pan YL,Lu YC,Ren JY,Xie XN and Wang H.2002.Key technology of prospecting and exploration of subtle traps in Lacustrine fault basins:Sequence stratigraphic researches on the basis of high resolution seismic survey.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),27(5):592-598(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li W,Dou LR,Zhang GY,Cheng DS,Wen ZG,Liu AX and Ke WL.2018.Geochemical characteristics of crude oil and their implications for hydrocarbon accumulation in the Fula Sub-basin,Muglad Basin,Sudan.Earth Science Frontiers,25(2):121-129(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin CS,Pan YL,Xiao JX,Kong FX,Liu JY and Zheng HR.2000.Structural slope-break zone:Key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basins.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),25(3):260-266(in Chinese with English abstract)
Myers TS,Tabor NJ and Jacobs LL.2011.Late Jurassic paleoclimate of Central Africa.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,311(1-2):111-125
Myers TS.2013.Mesozoic paleoclimate of Africa.Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,45(7):455
Tong XG,Dou LR,Tian ZJ,Pan XH and Zhu X.2004.Geological mode and hydrocarbon accumulation mode in Muglad passive rift basin of Sudan.Acta Petrolei Sinica,25(1):19-24(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang GL,Wang WQ,Zheng YL and Pan CF.2018.New progress in petroleum geology and new field of exploration in the Muglad Basin,Sudan.Earth Science Frontiers,25(2):33-41(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang YZ.2017.Identifying method of the sedimentary microfacieses for Abu Gabra formation in Sufyan Oilfield.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,36(3):44-48(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang ZJ,Cheng HD and Zhang JQ.2000.Provenance analysis:Perspectives.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,20(4):104-110(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wei YP and Liu CY.2003.Geological model of the Mugland Basin:An identical example of basin evolution at the end of giant strike-slip faults.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,25(2):129-136,142(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu D,Zhu XM,Li Z,Su YD,Liu YH,Zhang MY,Song JF,Liu AX,Chen XY and Zhao DN.2015.Depositional models in Cretaceous rift stages of Fula Sub-basin,Muglad Basin,Sudan.Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(3):319-327(in Chinses with English abstract)
Xu YJ,Du YS and Yang JH.2007.Prospects of sediment provenance analysis.Geological Science and Technology Information,26(3):26-32(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xue LQ and Galloway WE.1991.Fan-delta,braid delta and the classification of delta systems.Acta Geologica Sinica,65(2):141-153(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xue LQ,Fan TL,Xu DF,Liu GQ,Huang W and Cheng Y.2004.Sequence stratigraphic study and exploration target appraisal of AGFormation in northeastern Muglad basin,Sudan.Oil&Gas Geology,25(5):506-512(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang C,Zou Q and Ke WL.2017.The application of constrained sparse spike inversion in Sufyan Sag.Unconventional Oil&Gas,4(4):47-54(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang RC,Li JB,Fan AP,Zong M and Zhang T.2013.Research progress and development tendency of provenance analysis on terrigenous sedimentary rocks.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(1):99-107(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yassin MA,Hariri MM,Abdullatif OM,Korvin G and Makkawi M.2017.Evolution history of transtensional pull-apart,oblique rift basin and its implication on hydrocarbon exploration:A case study from Sufyan Sub-basin,Muglad Basin,Sudan.Marine and Petroleum Geology,79:282-299
Yuan XJ and Qiao HS.2002.Exploration of subtle reservoir in prolific depression of Bohai bay Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,23(2):130-133(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang YM.2007.Petroleum system in the Sufyan depression of Muglad basin in Sudan.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,29(6):572-576(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang YM and Gu Q.2009.Petroleum system of the Sufyan depression at the eastern margin of a huge strike-slip fault zone in Central Africa.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(6):1182-1187
Zhao YJ,Han YC,Liu XN,Yu YJ and Wang JC.2008.Petroleum geologic feature and exploration potential of Sufyan Depression,Muglad Basin.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),30(3):19-23(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou LH,Shi XS,Guan QS,Yang P,Lin L and Wu JP.2017.Geological characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation of Nanpi Slope in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai bay basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,28(9):1289-1297(in Chinese with English abstract)
曹华.2016.Muglad盆地Sufyan凹陷油气藏控制因素.内蒙古石油化工,42(6):73-74
陈诚,朱怡翔,石军辉,李顺明,张佳佳,吴穹螈.2016.断陷湖盆浅水三角洲的形成过程与发育模式---以苏丹Muglad盆地Fula凹陷Jake地区AG组为例.石油学报,37(12):1508-1517
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