致密砂岩中岩屑溶蚀及其伴生胶结对孔隙发育的影响——以川东北元坝西部须二下亚段为例
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摘要
本文旨在厘清致密砂岩储层成岩作用对孔隙发育的影响.以四川盆地东北元坝西部须二下亚段为例,采用铸体薄片、氩离子抛光及扫描电镜观察、NESE Geo图像分析和物性测试等手段分析岩石成分,确定成岩特征,获取孔隙度和渗透率值,认为岩屑溶蚀及其伴生胶结影响孔隙的垂向分布和发育程度.研究结果表明:元坝西部须二下亚段主要岩石类型为岩屑砂岩,在埋藏过程中,中成岩阶段发生岩屑溶蚀作用,孔隙度增加3.35%,产生的粒内溶孔成为储层主要孔隙类型.垂向上,岩屑溶蚀析出产物由溶蚀段向上覆及下伏储层迁移,由近及远沉淀绿泥石胶结物(其中发育绿泥石晶间微孔)、硅质胶结物(距溶蚀段2～3 m)及钙质胶结物(距溶蚀段3～4 m),导致储层孔隙度自溶蚀段起向上下逐渐降低.
To clarify the influence of tight sandstone reservoirs diagenesis on pore evolution, this study focuses on the lower sub-member of the second member of Xujiahe formation in the west of Yuanba area, northeastern Sichuan basin of SW China. Methods such as the pore cast, argon ion polishing-scanning electron microscope, NESE Geo image analysis system and physical property test were used to analyze the rock composition, identify the diagenesis characteristics, obtain the values of porosity and permeability, observe the micropores, and determine the proportions of various types of pores. According to the analysis, the dissolution characteristics of rock fragments and its associated cementation have an effect on the vertical distribution of pores. The results show that the main rock type is lithic sandstone. In the middle diagenetic stage of burial, the rock fragments dissolution occurred, giving rise to the generation of intragranular dissolved pores, which became the main pore type in the reservoir, and the porosity was increased by 3.35%. In the vertical direction, the product of fragments dissolution migrated from the dissolution zone to the upper and the underlying reservoirs. Chlorite cement(where intercrystalline micropores are developed), siliceous cement(2—3 m away from the dissolution zone) and calcareous cement(3—4 m away from the dissolution zone) precipitated from the near to the distant, which resulted in a gradual decrease in reservoir porosity from the dissolution zone to the upper and the underlying reservoirs.
To clarify the influence of tight sandstone reservoirs diagenesis on pore evolution, this study focuses on the lower sub-member of the second member of Xujiahe formation in the west of Yuanba area, northeastern Sichuan basin of SW China. Methods such as the pore cast, argon ion polishing-scanning electron microscope, NESE Geo image analysis system and physical property test were used to analyze the rock composition, identify the diagenesis characteristics, obtain the values of porosity and permeability, observe the micropores, and determine the proportions of various types of pores. According to the analysis, the dissolution characteristics of rock fragments and its associated cementation have an effect on the vertical distribution of pores. The results show that the main rock type is lithic sandstone. In the middle diagenetic stage of burial, the rock fragments dissolution occurred, giving rise to the generation of intragranular dissolved pores, which became the main pore type in the reservoir, and the porosity was increased by 3.35%. In the vertical direction, the product of fragments dissolution migrated from the dissolution zone to the upper and the underlying reservoirs. Chlorite cement(where intercrystalline micropores are developed), siliceous cement(2—3 m away from the dissolution zone) and calcareous cement(3—4 m away from the dissolution zone) precipitated from the near to the distant, which resulted in a gradual decrease in reservoir porosity from the dissolution zone to the upper and the underlying reservoirs.
引文
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[14] 贾爽,李宏涛,肖开华.元坝地区须二段下亚段储层特征及优质储层主控因素[J].东北石油大学学报,2014,38(5):15-22.JIA Shuang,LI Hongtao,XIAO Kaihua.Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of high-quality reservoirs in the lower member of the second member of Xujiahe formation in Yuanba area [J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2014,38(5):15-22.
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[16] MORAD S,KETZER J M,DE ROS L F.Linking diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy:an integrated tool for understanding and predicting reservoir quality distribution[C]//STEVENS T.Linking Diagenesis to Sequence Stratigraphy.West Sussex:John Wiley & Sons,2012:1-36.
[17] AL-RAMADAN K,MORAD S,KENT NORTON A,et al.Linking diagenesis and porosity preservation to sequence stratigraphy of gas condensate reservoir sandstones;the jauf formation (lower to middle devonian),eastern Saudi Arabia[C]//Linking Diagenesis to Sequence Stratigraphy.West Sussex:John Wiley & Sons,2012:297-336.
[18] ESTUPINAN J,MARFIL R,SCHERER M,et al.Reservoir sandstones of the Cretaceous Napo formation U and T Members in the Oriente basin,ecuador:Links between diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2010,33(3):221-245.
[19] WORDEN R H,MORAD S.Chlorite authigenesis and porosity preservation in the Upper Cretaceous marine sandstones of the Santos basin,offshore eastern Brazil[C]//WORDEN R H.Clay Mineral Cements in Sandstones.West Sussex:John Wiley & Sons,2009:289-316.
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[21] 王威.川东北地区须家河组天然气高效成藏模式探讨[J].岩性油气藏,2018,30(3):27-34.WANG Wei.High efficient reservoir accumulation models of natural gas of Xujiahe formation in northeast Sichuan basin[J].Litho-logic Reservoirs,2018,30(3):27-34.
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