茅洲河口滩涂开发对洪潮及河势的影响与对策研究
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摘要
基于潮流泥沙数值模拟,针对茅洲河口深圳市海洋新兴产业基地滩涂利用规划的比选方案,研究了不同径流与潮流耦合水文条件下,滩涂围垦对茅洲河泄洪纳潮的影响,以及对交椅湾滩槽演变的影响。研究结果表明,由于规划方案占用了茅洲河口主槽,泄洪不畅,造成茅洲河水位抬升,潮位最大壅升0.459 m,潮差减小,涨、落潮量缩减,最大潮量减幅为3.54%,对茅洲河的泄洪纳潮有不利影响。受浅滩面积减小和水沙输移路线改变的影响,交椅湾冲淤情势改变,茅洲河出口北汊被冲深,口外滩地则普遍回淤加大,最大淤强可达0.40 m/a。各方案影响基本相似,洪潮和河势影响与围垦规模正相关。鉴于此,滩涂开发利用需结合河道泄洪整治方案,才可确保区域的防洪安全和河势稳定。研究表明,综合方案实施后,壅水幅度缩减到0.012 m,涨、落潮量与现状持平,新开河槽较稳定,可实现滩涂资源的可持续利用。
Based on the numerical simulation of tidal current sediments, the comparison plan for the tidal flat utilization planning of the Shenzhen Ocean Emerging Industrial Base in Maozhou Estuary, the effects of tidal flat reclamation on the flood discharge of the Maozhou River and the impact on the evolution of the shoal of the Jiaowan Bay were studied under different runoff and tidal current hydrological conditions. It indicates that, tidal flat reclamation interferes the flood disposal and tide carrying of Maozhou River. The occupancy of main trough at the outlet of Maozhou River causes the water level rising and tidal range decrease. The maximum rise of water level is 0. 459 m. The largest reduction rate of tidal discharge is 3. 54%. And the evolution tendency is changed in Jiaoyi Bay due to the decrease of tidal flat area and the variation of water-sediment transportation. Scouring occurs in the north branch near the outlet,while the siltation has increased generally in the shoal land. The study of the competitive schemes shows that the effect on the tide carrying and the river regime are positively related to the reclamation scale. Whereas, the river regulation scheme for flood disposal should be implemented to ensure the regional flood control safety and the river regime stability during the development and utilization of tidal flat. The results show that the water level rise reduces to 0. 012 m, the tidal discharge is equivalent to the present situation, the newly built trough is stable, and the sustainable utilization of the tidal flat resource can be ensured.
Based on the numerical simulation of tidal current sediments, the comparison plan for the tidal flat utilization planning of the Shenzhen Ocean Emerging Industrial Base in Maozhou Estuary, the effects of tidal flat reclamation on the flood discharge of the Maozhou River and the impact on the evolution of the shoal of the Jiaowan Bay were studied under different runoff and tidal current hydrological conditions. It indicates that, tidal flat reclamation interferes the flood disposal and tide carrying of Maozhou River. The occupancy of main trough at the outlet of Maozhou River causes the water level rising and tidal range decrease. The maximum rise of water level is 0. 459 m. The largest reduction rate of tidal discharge is 3. 54%. And the evolution tendency is changed in Jiaoyi Bay due to the decrease of tidal flat area and the variation of water-sediment transportation. Scouring occurs in the north branch near the outlet,while the siltation has increased generally in the shoal land. The study of the competitive schemes shows that the effect on the tide carrying and the river regime are positively related to the reclamation scale. Whereas, the river regulation scheme for flood disposal should be implemented to ensure the regional flood control safety and the river regime stability during the development and utilization of tidal flat. The results show that the water level rise reduces to 0. 012 m, the tidal discharge is equivalent to the present situation, the newly built trough is stable, and the sustainable utilization of the tidal flat resource can be ensured.
引文
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[2]HEALY M G,HICKEY K R.Historic land reclamation in the intertidal wetlands of the Shannon estuary,western Ireland[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2002(Special Issue 36):365-373.
[3]HONG S K,KOH C H,HARRIS R R,et al.Land use in Korean tidal wetlands impacts and management strategies[J].Environmental Management,2010(45):1014-1026.
[4]陆永军,侯庆志,陆彦,等.河口海岸滩涂开发治理与管理研究进展[J].水利水运工程学报,2011(4):1-12.
[5]LU Y J,JI R Y,ZUO L Q.Simulation of multi-factor dynamic morphological evolution in estuarine coasts[C]∥11th International Symposium on River Sedimentation(ISRS).Stellenbosch,South Africa,2010:1-10.
[6]黄潘阳,陈培雄,来向华,等.三门湾2003-2013年间围涂工程对水动力环境的影响研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2017,47(10):91-98.
[7]黄卫良,蔡梅,徐慧.对太湖流域片河口海岸滩涂可持续利用的建议[J].人民长江,2013,44(21):4-6.
[8]常虹,杨万红.江苏入海河口海岸滩涂开发治理与管理研究[J].人民长江,2013,44(7):56-59,86.
[9]陈军.珠江河口岸线、滩涂保护与开发利用研究[J].人民珠江,2011(1):13,32.
[10]辛文杰.河口湾边滩围垦的潮波变形数值模拟[J].水利水运科学研究,1997(4):310-319.
[11]陈小文,刘霞,张蔚.珠江河口滩涂围垦动态及其影响[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(1):39-43.
[12]何用,卢陈,杨留柱,等.珠江河口口门区滩槽演变及对泄洪的影响研究[J].水利学报,2018,49(1):72-80.
[13]珠江水利科学研究院.深圳港大小铲岛规划港区潮流泥沙数学模型研究[R].2010.
[14]LU S L,JIANG X K,WU Q.Numerical study with a combined solution model on the water-sediment transport and bed evolution in the pearl river system caused by large project[C]∥35th International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research(IAHR).Chengdu,2013.
[15]珠江水利科学研究院.深圳市海洋新兴产业基地防洪影响论证报告[R].2016.