砂质辫状河心滩构型4种工程模式的综述与探讨
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摘要
近年来,辫状河储层构型精细刻画逐渐成为河流相储层表征的重点与难点。然而,基于露头调研与探地雷达的沉积学模式过于复杂,而基于工程领域的模式推导又往往过于简化,如何将广泛的基础调研运用于工程实践始终是学者们所追求的目标。以4种经典的辫状河模式为基础,结合近年来不同模式的工程应用,将Miall的构型理论缩小到心滩范围并适当增减,探讨了不同岩相和构型要素与心滩的对应关系,提出适用于油藏精细描述的4种辫状河心滩的简易模式。研究认为,垂向加积模式以近水平的落淤层为主要夹层,适用于日常流量较低、洪泛周期较长、洪泛时间不规律、持续时间较短、心滩长期暴露的辫状河体系;辫状-曲流转换模式类似于点坝边滩或边滩的背向拼合,适用于辫状河向曲流河过渡的河型转化带;偏心半椭球模式呈半洋葱状,在垂向加积模式的基础上强化了坝头坝缘坝尾的沉积特征,适用于洪泛周期稳定且河道较深的辫状河体系;复杂构型模式由多种构型要素组合,是偏心半椭球模式的延伸,但划分更细,适用于密集井网的辫状河储层区块。对心滩模式的划分与讨论有利于精细化的勘探开发,而这些模式也可在一定程度上应用于砂质冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲心滩的构型描述当中。
In recent years,the fine characterization of the braided river reservoir configuration has gradually become the focus and difficulty in fluvial facies reservoir characterization. However,the sedimentary patterns based on outcrop research and ground penetrating radar is too complicated,and the derived sedimentary pattern according to engineering is usually too simplified. Scholars continuously purse the goal of how to extensively apply basic summarization to engineering practice. Based on the 4 classic braided river patterns and the engineering applications of different sedimentary patterns in recent years,the Miall configuration theory was reduced to the river island with appropriate complement and simplification to investigate the corresponding relationships between river island and different lithology and configuration elements. In addition,the corresponding sedimentary patterns of four kinds of braided river islands were proposed for fine reservoir characterization. Research indicates that the near-level siltation layer is taken as the major interlayer in the vertical aggradation pattern,which is applicable to the braided river system with low daily flow rate,relatively long flooding cycle,irregular flooding time,short duration time and long-term exposure. The braided-meandering pattern is similar to the backward merging of point marginal bar or point bar,which is suitable for the river transition zone with a transition from braided river to meandering river. The eccentric hemiellipsoidal pattern with a half-onion shape shows typical sedimentary features of dam-head,dam-margin and dam-tail on the basis of vertical aggradation pattern,which is applicable for the braided river system with stable flooding cycle and relatively deep channel. The complex configuration pattern is composed of various configuration elements,which is an extension of the eccentric hemi-ellipsoidal pattern by fine subdivision,which is fitting for the braided river reservoir with dense well network. The classification and discussion of river island pattern is favorable to refined exploration and development. These patterns could also be used in the configuration characterization of alluvial fan,fan delta and braided river delta.
In recent years,the fine characterization of the braided river reservoir configuration has gradually become the focus and difficulty in fluvial facies reservoir characterization. However,the sedimentary patterns based on outcrop research and ground penetrating radar is too complicated,and the derived sedimentary pattern according to engineering is usually too simplified. Scholars continuously purse the goal of how to extensively apply basic summarization to engineering practice. Based on the 4 classic braided river patterns and the engineering applications of different sedimentary patterns in recent years,the Miall configuration theory was reduced to the river island with appropriate complement and simplification to investigate the corresponding relationships between river island and different lithology and configuration elements. In addition,the corresponding sedimentary patterns of four kinds of braided river islands were proposed for fine reservoir characterization. Research indicates that the near-level siltation layer is taken as the major interlayer in the vertical aggradation pattern,which is applicable to the braided river system with low daily flow rate,relatively long flooding cycle,irregular flooding time,short duration time and long-term exposure. The braided-meandering pattern is similar to the backward merging of point marginal bar or point bar,which is suitable for the river transition zone with a transition from braided river to meandering river. The eccentric hemiellipsoidal pattern with a half-onion shape shows typical sedimentary features of dam-head,dam-margin and dam-tail on the basis of vertical aggradation pattern,which is applicable for the braided river system with stable flooding cycle and relatively deep channel. The complex configuration pattern is composed of various configuration elements,which is an extension of the eccentric hemi-ellipsoidal pattern by fine subdivision,which is fitting for the braided river reservoir with dense well network. The classification and discussion of river island pattern is favorable to refined exploration and development. These patterns could also be used in the configuration characterization of alluvial fan,fan delta and braided river delta.
引文
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[26]白振强,王清华,杜庆龙,等.曲流河砂体三维构型地质建模及数值模拟研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):898-902,907.
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[37]唐武,王英民,赵志刚,等.河型转化研究进展综述[J].地质论评,2016,62(1):138-152.
[38]王随继.大同盆地中侏罗世河流沉积体系及古河型演化[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):501-505.
[39]谭程鹏,于兴河,李胜利,等.辫状河-曲流河转换模式探讨:以准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河组露头为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):450-458.
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[2]廖保方,张为民,李列,等.辫状河现代沉积研究与相模式---中国永定河剖析[J].沉积学报,1998,16(1):34-39.
[3]BRISTOW C S.Sedimentary structures exposed in bar tops in the Brahmaputra River,Bangladesh[C].London:Geological Society of London,1993:277-289.
[4]BEST J L,ASHWORTH P J,BRISTOW C S,et al.Three-dimensional sedimentary architecture of a large,mid-channel sand braid bar,Jamuna River,Bangladesh[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73(4):516-530.
[5]BRIDGE J,COLLIER R,ALEXANDER J.Large‐scale structure of Calamus River deposits(Nebraska,USA)revealed using ground‐penetrating radar[J].Sedimentology,1998,45(6):977-986.
[6]赵伦,王进财,陈礼,等.砂体叠置结构及构型特征对水驱规律的影响---以哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地Kumkol油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):86-94.
[7]赵伦,梁宏伟,张祥忠,等.砂体构型特征与剩余油分布模式---以哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地Kumkol South油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):433-441.
[8]卢海娇,赵红格,李文厚.苏里格气田盒8气层组厚层辫状河道砂体构型分析[J].东北石油大学学报,2014,38(1):54-62.
[9]曾祥平.储集层构型研究在油田精细开发中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(4):483-489.
[10]岳大力,赵俊威,温立峰.辫状河心滩内部夹层控制的剩余油分布物理模拟实验[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):157-161.
[11]刘钰铭,侯加根,王连敏,等.辫状河储层构型分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(1):7-11,17.
[12]刘钰铭,侯加根,宋保全,等.辫状河厚砂层内部夹层表征---以大庆喇嘛甸油田为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):836-841.
[13]徐中波,申春生,陈玉琨,等.砂质辫状河储层构型表征及其对剩余油的控制---以渤海海域P油田为例[J].沉积学报,2016,34(2):375-385.
[14]钟思瑛,刘金华,乔力,等.真武油田辫状河心滩微相储层构型研究[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(2):32-36,152.
[15]孙天建,穆龙新,赵国良.砂质辫状河储集层隔夹层类型及其表征方法---以苏丹穆格莱特盆地Hegli油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):112-120.
[16]余成林,李志鹏,熊运斌,等.心滩储层内部构型分析[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(3):19-23.
[17]白振强.辫状河砂体三维构型地质建模研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(6):21-24,183.
[18]牛博,高兴军,赵应成,等.古辫状河心滩坝内部构型表征与建模:以大庆油田萨中密井网区为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):89-100.
[19]李海燕,高阳,王延杰,等.辫状河储集层夹层发育模式及其对开发的影响---以准噶尔盆地风城油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):364-373.
[20]乔雨朋,邱隆伟,邵先杰,等.辫状河储层构型表征研究进展[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(6):34-42.
[21]王敏,穆龙新,赵国良,等.分汊与游荡型辫状河储层构型研究:以苏丹FN油田为例[J].地学前缘,2017,24(2):246-256.
[22]MIALL A D.Architectural-element analysis:a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1985,22(4):261-308.
[23]MIALL A D.Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits:anatomy of the Kayenta formation(lower jurassic),Southwest Colorado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,55(3):247-240.
[24]MIALL A D.The geology of fluvial deposits[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,1996:75-178.
[25]周银邦,吴胜和,计秉玉,等.曲流河储层构型表征研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(7):695-702.
[26]白振强,王清华,杜庆龙,等.曲流河砂体三维构型地质建模及数值模拟研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):898-902,907.
[27]马世忠.地下曲流河道单砂体内部薄夹层建筑结构研究方法[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):632-639.
[28]岳大力,吴胜和,谭河清,等.曲流河古河道储层构型精细解剖---以孤东油田七区西馆陶组为例[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):101-109.
[29]SCHERER C M S,GOLDBERG K,BARDOLA T.Facies architecture and sequence stratigraphy of an early post-rift fluvial succession,Aptian Barbalha Formation,Araripe Basin,northeastern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,2015,322(5):43-62.
[30]SMITH G H S,ASHWORTH P J,BEST J L,et al.The sedimentology and alluvial architecture of the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River,Canada[J].Sedimentology,2006,53(2):413-434.
[31]SMITH G H S,ASHWORTH P J,BEST J L,et al.The sedimentology and alluvial architecture of a large braid bar,Río Paraná,Argentina.[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79(8):629-642.
[32]BRISTOW C S.Brahmaputra river:channel migration and deposition[M].London:Recent Developments in Fluvial Sedimentology,1987:63-74.
[33]于兴河,马兴祥,穆龙新,等.辫状河储层地质模式及层次界面分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:25-55.
[34]于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2008:290-295.
[35]吴胜和,纪友亮,岳大力,等.碎屑沉积地质体构型分级方案探讨[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(1):12-22.
[36]BRIDGE J S,SMITH N D,TRENT F,et al.Sedimentology and morphology of a low‐sinuosity river:Calamus River,Nebraska Sand Hills[J].Sedimentology,1986,33(6):851-870.
[37]唐武,王英民,赵志刚,等.河型转化研究进展综述[J].地质论评,2016,62(1):138-152.
[38]王随继.大同盆地中侏罗世河流沉积体系及古河型演化[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):501-505.
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