黑河上游灌丛建群种中国沙棘自由授粉子代父本分析和花粉流
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摘要
利用SSR分子标记对中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis Rousi)自由授粉的种子进行父本分析,研究其子代的父本来源和花粉散布模式。结果显示:在80%的置信水平上,193个子代中有104个个体可以确定花粉来源;在20个确定的父本中,16个为中国沙棘,4个为肋果沙棘(H. neurocarpa S. W. Liu et T.N. He)。传粉格局分析结果显示,中国沙棘有效花粉散布范围为3～71 m,平均距离为20.4 m,2株母本分别有87.23%和78.95%的有效花粉来自距其30 m的范围之内,研究结果表明中国沙棘自然种群以近距离传粉为主。此外,在黑河上游沙棘杂交带中,中国沙棘子代中的肋果沙棘花粉平均贡献率达到14.84%,表明中国沙棘与肋果沙棘存在较高的种间当代花粉流。
To explore the paternal origin of offspring and the pollen dispersal pattern in natural populations under open-pollination, we conducted paternity analysis for seeds of H.rhamnoides ssp. sinensis using SSR markers. Results showed that in 104 seedlings of 193 open-pollinated offspring,the pollen source was identified at an 80% confidence level. In 20 male parents deduced,16 were H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and four were H. neurocarpa S.W. Liu et T. N. He. Pollination pattern analysis showed that the effective distance of H.rhamnoides ssp. sinensis pollen dispersal was in the range of 3-71 m,with an average distance of 20.4 m. Furthermore,87.23% and 78.95% of the effective pollen received by the two respective female parents examined came from a distance range of 30 m. These results indicate that the natural populations of H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis are mainly pollinated within a close range. In addition,in the seabuckthorn hybrid zone of the upper reaches of Heihe River,the average pollen contribution from H. neurocarpa to the offspring of H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis reaches 14.84%,indicating that H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and H. neurocarpa possess a relatively high frequency of contemporary interspecific pollen flow.
To explore the paternal origin of offspring and the pollen dispersal pattern in natural populations under open-pollination, we conducted paternity analysis for seeds of H.rhamnoides ssp. sinensis using SSR markers. Results showed that in 104 seedlings of 193 open-pollinated offspring,the pollen source was identified at an 80% confidence level. In 20 male parents deduced,16 were H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and four were H. neurocarpa S.W. Liu et T. N. He. Pollination pattern analysis showed that the effective distance of H.rhamnoides ssp. sinensis pollen dispersal was in the range of 3-71 m,with an average distance of 20.4 m. Furthermore,87.23% and 78.95% of the effective pollen received by the two respective female parents examined came from a distance range of 30 m. These results indicate that the natural populations of H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis are mainly pollinated within a close range. In addition,in the seabuckthorn hybrid zone of the upper reaches of Heihe River,the average pollen contribution from H. neurocarpa to the offspring of H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis reaches 14.84%,indicating that H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and H. neurocarpa possess a relatively high frequency of contemporary interspecific pollen flow.
引文
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[3]朱亚如,龚燕兵.风媒传粉的研究方法探讨[J].生物多样性,2017,25(8):864-873.Zhu YR,Gong YB.Methods of wind pollination[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(8):864-873.
[4]张鹏飞,张福花,张茹,刘亚令,王志广.山西省榛属植物居群的SSR遗传多样性研究[J].植物科学学报,2014,32(2):131-138.Zhang PF,Zhang FH,Zhang R,Liu YL,Wang ZG.Genetic diversity of hazel populations in Shanxi Province based on SSR markers[J].Plant Science Journal,2014,32(2):131-138.
[5]魏青永,郭水良,曹同,于晶.基于ISSR数据探讨卷叶凤尾藓(Fissidens dubius P.Beauv.)遗传多样性[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(2):238-245.Wei QY,Guo SL,Cao T,Yu J.Genetic diversity of Fissidens dubius P.Beauv.based on ISSR data[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(2):238-245.
[6]Chaix G,Gerber S,Razafimaharo V,Vigneron P,Verhaegen D,Hamon S.Gene flow estimation with microsatellites in a Malagasy seed orchard of Eucalyptus grandis[J].Theor Appl Genet,2003,107(4):705-712.
[7]彭国清,唐绍清.喀斯特耐阴灌木淡黄金花茶的精细空间遗传结构与基因流[J].生态学报,2017,37(21):7313-7323.Peng GQ,Tang SQ.Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and gene flow of Camellia flavida,a shade-tolerant shrub in Karst[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(21):7313-7323.
[8]周伟,王红.基于DNA分子标记的花粉流动态分析[J].生物多样性,2014,22(1):97-108.Zhou W,Wang H.Pollen dispersal analysis using DNAmarkers[J].Biodiversity Science,2014,22(1):97-108.
[9]鲁先文,孙坤,马瑞君,张辉,苏雪,王明理.鸟类取食中国沙棘果实的方式及其对种子的传播作用[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):635-638.Lu XW,Sun K,Ma RJ,Zhang H,Sun X,Wang ML.Fruits foraging patterns and seed dispersal effect of frugivorous birds on Hippophae rhamnoides ssp.sinensis[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(6):635-638.
[10]鲁先文,马瑞君,孙坤.中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.ssp.sinensis Rousi)的开花特性及风媒传粉距离的检测[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2518-2525.Lu XW,Ma RJ,Sun K.Determination of the wind pollination distances and flowering characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides L.ssp.sinensis Rousi(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(6):2518-2525.
[11]张玉娜,孙坤,张辉,苏雪,温江波.肋果沙棘(Hippophae neurocarpa S.W.Liu et T.N.He)自然种群的风媒传粉特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):508-514.Zhang YN,Sun K,Zhang H,Sun X,Wen JB.Characteristics of wind pollination in a natural population of Hippophae neurocarpa S.W.Liu et T.N.He(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(1):508-514.
[12]鲁先文.中国沙棘的基因流研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2005.
[13]蒋严妃,严容,苏雪,陈纹,孙坤.二倍体杂交种棱果沙棘双向杂交起源及其母本主要来源于中国沙棘的分子证据[J].植物研究,2014,34(1):32-36.Jiang YF,Yan R,Su X,Cheng W,Sun K.Molecular evidence for bidirectional hybrid origin and Hippophae rhamnoides ssp.sinensis as the mainly maternal plant of the diploid hybrid H.goniocarpa(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2014,34(1):32-36.
[14]Doyle JJ,Doyle JL.A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue[J].Phytochem Bull,1987,19(1):11-15.
[15]Wang A,Qian Z,Wan D,Yang YZ,Liu J.Nine microsatellite DNA primers for Hippophae rhamnoides ssp.sinensis(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Conserv Genet,2008,9(4):969-971.
[16]许汀,许璐,王昊,拉琼,孙坤,张文驹.基于5'锚定PCR法和磁珠富集法的西藏沙棘多态性SSR引物开发[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2014,53(4):543-549.Xu T,Xu L,Wang H,La Q,Sun K,Zhang WJ.Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers from Hippophae tibetana using 5'-anchored PCR methods and magnetic beads hybridization[J].Journal of Fudan University(Natural Science),2014,53(4):543-549.
[17]李霓,蒋严妃,苏雪,陈纹,张辉,孙坤.肋果沙棘北缘居群的遗传多样性与遗传结构[J].广西植物,2016,36(5):557-563.Li N,Jiang YF,Su X,Cheng W,Zhang H,Sun K.Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the northern margin populations of Hippophae neurocarpa[J].Guihaia,2016,36(5):557-563.
[18]Jones AG,Small CM,Paczolt KA,Rattermanv NL.Apractical guide to methods of parentage analysis[J].Mol Ecol Resour,2010,10(1):6-30.
[19]张冬梅,孙佩光,沈熙环,茹广欣.油松种子园自由授粉与控制授粉种子父本分析[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(2):302-310.Zhang DM,Sun PG,Shen XH,Ru GX.Paternity analysis of open-and control-pollinated seeds collected from a seed orchard of Pinus tabulaeformis[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,33(2):302-310.
[20]Culley TM,Weller SG,Sakai AK.The evolution of wind pollination in angiosperms[J].Trends Ecol Evol,2002,17(8):361-369.
[21]Friedman J,Barrett SCH.Wind of change:new insights on the ecology and evolution of pollination and mating in wind-pollinated plants[J].Ann Bot-London,2009,103(9):1515-1527.
[22]王子科,郭百平,阎立业.黄土丘陵区沙棘花粉自然飞散特征研究[J].中国水土保持,1989(4):23-26.Wang ZK,Guo BP.Yan LY.Study on pollen flight characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides in loess hilly region[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1989(4):23-26.
[23]孙亚光,李火根.利用SSR分子标记对鹅掌楸自由授粉子代的父本分析[J].植物学报,2007,24(5):590-596.Sun YG,Li HG.The paternity analysis for open-pollination progenies of Liriodendron L.using SSR markers[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2007,24(5):590-596.
[24]林慧,张明莉,王鹏鹏,马淼.外来入侵植物意大利苍耳的传粉生态学特性[J].生态学报,2018,38(5):1810-1816.Lin H,Zhang ML,Wang PP,Ma M.Study on pollination biology of the invasive plant Xanthium italicum Moretti[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(5):1810-1816.
[25]Streiff R,Ducousso A,Lexer C,Steinkellner H,Gloess J,Kremer A.Pollen dispersal inferred from paternity analysis in a mixed oak stand of Quercus robur L.and Q.petraea(Matt.)Liebl.[J].Mol Ecol,1999,8(5):831-841.
[26]张强,张杰,孙国武,狄潇泓.祁连山山区空中水汽分布特征研究[J].气象学报,2007,65(4):633-643.Zhang Q,Zhang J,Sun GW,Di XH.Research on atmospheric water-vapor distribution over Qilianshan mountains[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2007,65(4):633-643.
[27]Robledo-Arnuncio JJ.Wind pollination over mesoscale distances:an investigation with Scots pine[J].New Phytol,2015,190(1):222-233.
[28]Sun K,Ma RJ,Chen XL,Li CB,Ge S.Hybrid origin of the diploid species Hippophae goniocarpa evidenced by the internal transcribed spacers(ITS)of nuclear r DNA[J].Belg J Bot,2003,136(1):91-96.
[29]Wang A,Frank S,Liu J.Molecular evidence for double maternal origins of the diploid hybrid Hippophae goniocarpa(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Bot J Linn Soc,2008,156(1):111-118.
[30]张辉.棱果沙棘的同倍体杂交起源:来自叶绿体基因组和核基因组的证据[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2005.
[31]张玉娜.沙棘属植物自然杂交带的生殖隔离状况的研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2009.
[32]王玉国.自然杂交与物种形成[J].生物多样性,2017,25(6):565-576.Wang YG.Natural hybridization and speciation[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(6):565-576.
[33]Rieseberg LH,Baird SJE,Gardner KA.Hybridization,introgression,and linkage evolution[J].Plant Mol Biol,2000,42(1):205-224.
[2]龚燕兵,黄双全.传粉昆虫行为的研究方法探讨[J].生物多样性,2007,15(6):576-583.Gong YB,Huang SQ.On methodology of foraging behavior of pollinating insects[J].Biodiversity Science,2007,15(6):576-583.
[3]朱亚如,龚燕兵.风媒传粉的研究方法探讨[J].生物多样性,2017,25(8):864-873.Zhu YR,Gong YB.Methods of wind pollination[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(8):864-873.
[4]张鹏飞,张福花,张茹,刘亚令,王志广.山西省榛属植物居群的SSR遗传多样性研究[J].植物科学学报,2014,32(2):131-138.Zhang PF,Zhang FH,Zhang R,Liu YL,Wang ZG.Genetic diversity of hazel populations in Shanxi Province based on SSR markers[J].Plant Science Journal,2014,32(2):131-138.
[5]魏青永,郭水良,曹同,于晶.基于ISSR数据探讨卷叶凤尾藓(Fissidens dubius P.Beauv.)遗传多样性[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(2):238-245.Wei QY,Guo SL,Cao T,Yu J.Genetic diversity of Fissidens dubius P.Beauv.based on ISSR data[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(2):238-245.
[6]Chaix G,Gerber S,Razafimaharo V,Vigneron P,Verhaegen D,Hamon S.Gene flow estimation with microsatellites in a Malagasy seed orchard of Eucalyptus grandis[J].Theor Appl Genet,2003,107(4):705-712.
[7]彭国清,唐绍清.喀斯特耐阴灌木淡黄金花茶的精细空间遗传结构与基因流[J].生态学报,2017,37(21):7313-7323.Peng GQ,Tang SQ.Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and gene flow of Camellia flavida,a shade-tolerant shrub in Karst[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(21):7313-7323.
[8]周伟,王红.基于DNA分子标记的花粉流动态分析[J].生物多样性,2014,22(1):97-108.Zhou W,Wang H.Pollen dispersal analysis using DNAmarkers[J].Biodiversity Science,2014,22(1):97-108.
[9]鲁先文,孙坤,马瑞君,张辉,苏雪,王明理.鸟类取食中国沙棘果实的方式及其对种子的传播作用[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):635-638.Lu XW,Sun K,Ma RJ,Zhang H,Sun X,Wang ML.Fruits foraging patterns and seed dispersal effect of frugivorous birds on Hippophae rhamnoides ssp.sinensis[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(6):635-638.
[10]鲁先文,马瑞君,孙坤.中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.ssp.sinensis Rousi)的开花特性及风媒传粉距离的检测[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2518-2525.Lu XW,Ma RJ,Sun K.Determination of the wind pollination distances and flowering characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides L.ssp.sinensis Rousi(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(6):2518-2525.
[11]张玉娜,孙坤,张辉,苏雪,温江波.肋果沙棘(Hippophae neurocarpa S.W.Liu et T.N.He)自然种群的风媒传粉特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):508-514.Zhang YN,Sun K,Zhang H,Sun X,Wen JB.Characteristics of wind pollination in a natural population of Hippophae neurocarpa S.W.Liu et T.N.He(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(1):508-514.
[12]鲁先文.中国沙棘的基因流研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2005.
[13]蒋严妃,严容,苏雪,陈纹,孙坤.二倍体杂交种棱果沙棘双向杂交起源及其母本主要来源于中国沙棘的分子证据[J].植物研究,2014,34(1):32-36.Jiang YF,Yan R,Su X,Cheng W,Sun K.Molecular evidence for bidirectional hybrid origin and Hippophae rhamnoides ssp.sinensis as the mainly maternal plant of the diploid hybrid H.goniocarpa(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2014,34(1):32-36.
[14]Doyle JJ,Doyle JL.A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue[J].Phytochem Bull,1987,19(1):11-15.
[15]Wang A,Qian Z,Wan D,Yang YZ,Liu J.Nine microsatellite DNA primers for Hippophae rhamnoides ssp.sinensis(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Conserv Genet,2008,9(4):969-971.
[16]许汀,许璐,王昊,拉琼,孙坤,张文驹.基于5'锚定PCR法和磁珠富集法的西藏沙棘多态性SSR引物开发[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2014,53(4):543-549.Xu T,Xu L,Wang H,La Q,Sun K,Zhang WJ.Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers from Hippophae tibetana using 5'-anchored PCR methods and magnetic beads hybridization[J].Journal of Fudan University(Natural Science),2014,53(4):543-549.
[17]李霓,蒋严妃,苏雪,陈纹,张辉,孙坤.肋果沙棘北缘居群的遗传多样性与遗传结构[J].广西植物,2016,36(5):557-563.Li N,Jiang YF,Su X,Cheng W,Zhang H,Sun K.Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the northern margin populations of Hippophae neurocarpa[J].Guihaia,2016,36(5):557-563.
[18]Jones AG,Small CM,Paczolt KA,Rattermanv NL.Apractical guide to methods of parentage analysis[J].Mol Ecol Resour,2010,10(1):6-30.
[19]张冬梅,孙佩光,沈熙环,茹广欣.油松种子园自由授粉与控制授粉种子父本分析[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(2):302-310.Zhang DM,Sun PG,Shen XH,Ru GX.Paternity analysis of open-and control-pollinated seeds collected from a seed orchard of Pinus tabulaeformis[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,33(2):302-310.
[20]Culley TM,Weller SG,Sakai AK.The evolution of wind pollination in angiosperms[J].Trends Ecol Evol,2002,17(8):361-369.
[21]Friedman J,Barrett SCH.Wind of change:new insights on the ecology and evolution of pollination and mating in wind-pollinated plants[J].Ann Bot-London,2009,103(9):1515-1527.
[22]王子科,郭百平,阎立业.黄土丘陵区沙棘花粉自然飞散特征研究[J].中国水土保持,1989(4):23-26.Wang ZK,Guo BP.Yan LY.Study on pollen flight characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides in loess hilly region[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1989(4):23-26.
[23]孙亚光,李火根.利用SSR分子标记对鹅掌楸自由授粉子代的父本分析[J].植物学报,2007,24(5):590-596.Sun YG,Li HG.The paternity analysis for open-pollination progenies of Liriodendron L.using SSR markers[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2007,24(5):590-596.
[24]林慧,张明莉,王鹏鹏,马淼.外来入侵植物意大利苍耳的传粉生态学特性[J].生态学报,2018,38(5):1810-1816.Lin H,Zhang ML,Wang PP,Ma M.Study on pollination biology of the invasive plant Xanthium italicum Moretti[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(5):1810-1816.
[25]Streiff R,Ducousso A,Lexer C,Steinkellner H,Gloess J,Kremer A.Pollen dispersal inferred from paternity analysis in a mixed oak stand of Quercus robur L.and Q.petraea(Matt.)Liebl.[J].Mol Ecol,1999,8(5):831-841.
[26]张强,张杰,孙国武,狄潇泓.祁连山山区空中水汽分布特征研究[J].气象学报,2007,65(4):633-643.Zhang Q,Zhang J,Sun GW,Di XH.Research on atmospheric water-vapor distribution over Qilianshan mountains[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2007,65(4):633-643.
[27]Robledo-Arnuncio JJ.Wind pollination over mesoscale distances:an investigation with Scots pine[J].New Phytol,2015,190(1):222-233.
[28]Sun K,Ma RJ,Chen XL,Li CB,Ge S.Hybrid origin of the diploid species Hippophae goniocarpa evidenced by the internal transcribed spacers(ITS)of nuclear r DNA[J].Belg J Bot,2003,136(1):91-96.
[29]Wang A,Frank S,Liu J.Molecular evidence for double maternal origins of the diploid hybrid Hippophae goniocarpa(Elaeagnaceae)[J].Bot J Linn Soc,2008,156(1):111-118.
[30]张辉.棱果沙棘的同倍体杂交起源:来自叶绿体基因组和核基因组的证据[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2005.
[31]张玉娜.沙棘属植物自然杂交带的生殖隔离状况的研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2009.
[32]王玉国.自然杂交与物种形成[J].生物多样性,2017,25(6):565-576.Wang YG.Natural hybridization and speciation[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(6):565-576.
[33]Rieseberg LH,Baird SJE,Gardner KA.Hybridization,introgression,and linkage evolution[J].Plant Mol Biol,2000,42(1):205-224.
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