N添加对林地土壤脲酶活性及动力学参数的影响
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摘要
为探讨不同施N量对土壤脲酶活性及动力学参数(V_(max)、K_m)的影响,以南京林业大学科研教学基地6年生墨西哥柏人工林(Cupressus lusitanica Mill.)为研究对象,设置N0(CK)、N1(24 kg/hm~2)、N2(48 kg/hm~2)、N3(72 kg/hm~2)、N4(96 kg/hm~2)、N5(120 kg/hm~2) 6个不同施N量处理,对其林地土壤进行了1年氮添加试验。结果表明:(1)与对照样地相比,土壤有机碳(SOC)随氮添加量的增加而显著增加,并在N4水平时达到最大值(19.06 mg/g)。氮添加对土壤C/N也产生显著影响。但氮添加并未对土壤全氮(TN),全磷(Tp)含量及N/p产生显著影响(P> 0.05)。(2)与对照样地相比,脲酶绝对活性(Ure)、单位有机碳脲酶活性(Ure/SOC)及V_(max)随N添加量增加而显著增加,并在N3水平下达到最大值。但在N4、N5水平下,Ure、Ure/SOC及V_(max)显著低于N3水平。K_m随施N量的增加显著增加,并在N5水平下达到最大值(21.195 g/L)。(3)冗余分析结果表明,Ure、Ure/SOC和V_(max)与TN,Tp,N/p呈正相关关系;但K_m与TN,Tp,N/p呈负相关关系。以上结果表明,氮添加通过改变森林土壤的环境因子,影响了土壤中脲酶活性及脲酶动力学参数,进而影响土壤氮素循环。
In order to investigate the responses of soil urease activity and kinetic properties(V_(max), K_m) to increased nitrogen addition, a field experiment was conducted in a 6-year-old Cupressus lusitanica Mill. plantation in the Research and Teaching Base of Nanjing Forestry University in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Six treatments of nitrogen supply were designed, including N0(CK), N1(24 kg/hm~2), N2(48 kg/hm~2), N3(72 kg/hm~2), N4(96 kg/hm~2)and N5(120 kg/hm~2). Each treatment comprised three replicate plots. We studied the soil physicochemical properties,urease activity and kinetic properties in response to 1 year of nitrogen addition. The results showed that:(1) The soil organic carbon(SOC) was significantly elevated with increased N(P<0.05, vs. Control) and peaked at the rate of N4(19.06 mg/g). Nitrogen addition had a significant effect on soil C/N. However, nitrogen addition had little impact on TN, TP and N/P(P>0.05).(2) Urease activity(Ure), Urease activity per. SOC(Ure/SOC) and V_(max) were significantly elevated with increased N(P<0.05, vs. Control) and peaked at the rate of N3. However, values of Ure,Ure/SOC and V_(max) in N4 and N5 plots were significantly lower than those in N3 plot. K_m was significantly elevated with increased N and peaked at the rate of N5(21.195 g/L).(3) Redundancy analysis showed that Ure, Ure/SOC and V_(max) was positively correlated with soil TN, TP, and N/P ratios while K_m was negatively correlated with soil TN, TP,and N/P ratios. These results suggested that N addition could affect the soil nitrogen and nutrient flow by influencing environmental factors and microbial enzymatic activities in subtropical forest ecosystems.
In order to investigate the responses of soil urease activity and kinetic properties(V_(max), K_m) to increased nitrogen addition, a field experiment was conducted in a 6-year-old Cupressus lusitanica Mill. plantation in the Research and Teaching Base of Nanjing Forestry University in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Six treatments of nitrogen supply were designed, including N0(CK), N1(24 kg/hm~2), N2(48 kg/hm~2), N3(72 kg/hm~2), N4(96 kg/hm~2)and N5(120 kg/hm~2). Each treatment comprised three replicate plots. We studied the soil physicochemical properties,urease activity and kinetic properties in response to 1 year of nitrogen addition. The results showed that:(1) The soil organic carbon(SOC) was significantly elevated with increased N(P<0.05, vs. Control) and peaked at the rate of N4(19.06 mg/g). Nitrogen addition had a significant effect on soil C/N. However, nitrogen addition had little impact on TN, TP and N/P(P>0.05).(2) Urease activity(Ure), Urease activity per. SOC(Ure/SOC) and V_(max) were significantly elevated with increased N(P<0.05, vs. Control) and peaked at the rate of N3. However, values of Ure,Ure/SOC and V_(max) in N4 and N5 plots were significantly lower than those in N3 plot. K_m was significantly elevated with increased N and peaked at the rate of N5(21.195 g/L).(3) Redundancy analysis showed that Ure, Ure/SOC and V_(max) was positively correlated with soil TN, TP, and N/P ratios while K_m was negatively correlated with soil TN, TP,and N/P ratios. These results suggested that N addition could affect the soil nitrogen and nutrient flow by influencing environmental factors and microbial enzymatic activities in subtropical forest ecosystems.
引文
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[14]German D P,Marcelo K R,Stone M M,et al.The Michaelis-Menten kinetics of soil extracellular enzymes in response to temperature:a crosslatitudinal study[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18:1468-1479.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[16]苏苗苗.施肥对稻田土壤脲酶动力学和热力学参数的影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[17]Hirel B,Tétu T,Lea P J,et al.Improving nitrogen use efficiency in crops for sustainable agriculture[J].Sustainability,2011,3:1452-1485.
[18]秦雨薇,万福绪.施肥对10个墨西哥柏种源幼苗生长的影响[J].林业科技开发,2012,26(5):115-119.
[19]Elser J J,Sterner R W,Gorokhova E,et al.Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems[J].Ecology Letters,2000,3(6):540-550.
[20]吕金林,闫美杰,宋变兰.黄土丘陵区刺槐、辽东栎林地土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):1-9.
[21]黄菊莹,赖荣生,余海龙,等.N添加对宁夏荒漠草原植物和土壤C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征的影[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(11):2850-2856.
[22]?tursováM,Baldrian P.Effects of soil properties and management on the activity of soil organic matter transforming enzymes and the quantification of soil bound and free activity[J].Plant and Soil,2010,338:99-110.
[23]Allison S D,Czimczik C I,Treseder K K.Microbial activity and soil respiration under nitrogen addition in Alaskan boreal forest[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14,:1156-1168.
[24]方运霆,莫江明,Per,等.森林土壤氮素转换及其对氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2004,24(7):1523-1531.
[25]涂利华,胡庭兴,张健,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤有机碳和养分的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(2):125-136.
[26]Raiesi F,Beheshti A.Soil specific enzyme activity shows more clearly soil responses topaddy rice cultivation than absolute enzyme activity in primary forests of northwest Iran[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,75:63-70.
[27]Allison S,Hanson C,Treseder K.Nitrogen fertilization reduces diversity and alters community structure of active fungi in boreal ecosystems[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2007,39:1878-1887.
[2]Jian S,Li J,Chen J,et al.Soil extracellular enzyme activities,soil carbon and nitrogen storage under nitrogen fertilization:ameta-analysis[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2016,101:32-43.
[3]Chen J,Luo Y,Li J,et al.Costimulation of soil glycosidase activity and soil respiration by nitrogen addition[J].Global Change Biology,2017,23:1328-1337.
[4]周嘉聪,刘小飞,郑永,等.氮沉降对中亚热带米槠天然林微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(1):127-135.
[5]Sinsabaugh R L,Moorhead D L.Resource allocation to extracellular enzyme production:a model for nitrogen and phosphorus control of litter decomposition[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,1994,26:1305-1311.
[6]Sinsabaugh R L,Hill B H,Shah J J F.Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment[J].Nature,2009,462:795-798.
[7]Sinsabaugh R L,Lauber C L,Weintraub M N,et al.Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale[J].Ecology Letters,2008,11:1252-1264.
[8]樊金娟,李丹丹,张心昱,等.北方温带森林不同海拔梯度土壤碳矿化速率及酶动力学参数温度敏感性[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):17-24.
[10]Stone M M,Weiss M S,Goodale C L,et al.Temperature sensitivity of soil enzyme kinetics under N-fertilization in two temperate forests[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18:1173-1184.
[11]Grandy A S,Sinsabaugh R L,Neff J C,et al.Nitrogen deposition effects on soil organic matter chemistry are linked to variation in enzymes,ecosystems and size fractions[J].Biogeochemistry,2008,91:37-49.
[12]Khalili B,Nourbakhsh F,Nili N,et al.Diversity of soil cellulase isoenzymes is associated with soil cellulase kinetic and thermodynamic parameters[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43:1639-1648.
[13]Brzostek E R,Finzi A C.Seasonal variation in the temperature sensitivity of proteolytic enzyme activity in temperate forest soils[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2012,117:1-10.
[14]German D P,Marcelo K R,Stone M M,et al.The Michaelis-Menten kinetics of soil extracellular enzymes in response to temperature:a crosslatitudinal study[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18:1468-1479.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[16]苏苗苗.施肥对稻田土壤脲酶动力学和热力学参数的影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[17]Hirel B,Tétu T,Lea P J,et al.Improving nitrogen use efficiency in crops for sustainable agriculture[J].Sustainability,2011,3:1452-1485.
[18]秦雨薇,万福绪.施肥对10个墨西哥柏种源幼苗生长的影响[J].林业科技开发,2012,26(5):115-119.
[19]Elser J J,Sterner R W,Gorokhova E,et al.Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems[J].Ecology Letters,2000,3(6):540-550.
[20]吕金林,闫美杰,宋变兰.黄土丘陵区刺槐、辽东栎林地土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):1-9.
[21]黄菊莹,赖荣生,余海龙,等.N添加对宁夏荒漠草原植物和土壤C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征的影[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(11):2850-2856.
[22]?tursováM,Baldrian P.Effects of soil properties and management on the activity of soil organic matter transforming enzymes and the quantification of soil bound and free activity[J].Plant and Soil,2010,338:99-110.
[23]Allison S D,Czimczik C I,Treseder K K.Microbial activity and soil respiration under nitrogen addition in Alaskan boreal forest[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14,:1156-1168.
[24]方运霆,莫江明,Per,等.森林土壤氮素转换及其对氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2004,24(7):1523-1531.
[25]涂利华,胡庭兴,张健,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤有机碳和养分的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(2):125-136.
[26]Raiesi F,Beheshti A.Soil specific enzyme activity shows more clearly soil responses topaddy rice cultivation than absolute enzyme activity in primary forests of northwest Iran[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,75:63-70.
[27]Allison S,Hanson C,Treseder K.Nitrogen fertilization reduces diversity and alters community structure of active fungi in boreal ecosystems[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,2007,39:1878-1887.
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