重力基准快速测定与分析:以广西重力基点网及格值标定场重建为例
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摘要
重力基点网是我国开展地质调查、地震监测、测绘等测量工作的重要基础设施,面对原有基点网覆盖面不足且受到不同程度损害这一现状,目前已不能满足开展大比例尺重力调查以及高频率重复监测等工作的需求.本文以广西重力基点网重建为契机,利用A10-022绝对重力仪对全区42个重力基点与2个相对重力仪标定场的绝对重力值进行了测定.整个实施周期涵盖了计量参数校准、全球绝对重力仪国际比对、室内同点重复性以及全网部分基点独立安装检查等较为完整的测量流程,并通过连续运输与观测期间环境因素的记录与对比分析,总结了适合于该类型仪器室外条件下工作的技术手段与应对措施.观测结果表明:利用A10绝对重力仪能够高效率与高精度的完成广西重力基点网室外设计点位测定工作,国际比对及重复性验证确保了本次重建基点结果的可信度;A10采用双模式的氦氖激光频率存在漂移并受温度及气压等多种因素的综合影响,但短期内中心频率未出现较大波动,建议定期对其进行校准;各基点观测误差主要受到台站质量、人文活动及突发事件等环境扰动的影响,并与仪器内外温差存在较高的相关性.本文给出的A10绝对重力仪的参数设计、技术手段与影响因素的详细分析,能够为今后同类型仪器的观测实施提供重要参考,并有助于室外绝对重力观测的全国推广与应用.
Gravity base network is an important infrastructure for geological surveys,earthquakes monitoring and geodesy working in China.The existing base network is currently unable to meetthe need for large-scale gravity surveys and high frequency repetitions,due to current situation of inadequate coverage and serious damage of basic points.In this study,we used A10-022 absolute gravimeter to measure absolute gravity value of 42 gravity points and 2 relative gravimeter calibration fields(short baselines)in Guangxi.The entire period covers complete observation processes including calibration of metrological parameters(i.e.,laser and atomic clock),2017 International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters(ICAG-2017),indoor repeatability and independent installation checkpoint.We also summarized technical approach and responses for this type of instrument in outdoor conditions,through the record and comparison of environmental factors during the observation period.The results indicated that A10 absolute gravimeter can complete the measurement of the outdoor gravity points with high efficiency and high precision.The ICAG-2017 and repeatability verification ensured the credibility of reconstruction in gravity base network.We found that He-Ne laser-based two mode of frequency drifted and influenced by various factors such as temperature and pressure,but there was no major fluctuation in the center frequency during short period,and we recommend the metrological parameters should be regularly calibrated in the further.The observation error of each base point is mainly affected by environmental disturbances from station quality,human activities and emergencies,and there was a high correlation between measure errors and the temperature difference in air and inside instrument.The detailed analysis of parameter design,technical approach and influencing factors of the A10 absolute gravimeter given in this paper can provide important reference for the observation implementation of the same type of instrument in the future,and it is very helpful for the promotion and application of outdoor absolute gravity observation throughout the country.
Gravity base network is an important infrastructure for geological surveys,earthquakes monitoring and geodesy working in China.The existing base network is currently unable to meetthe need for large-scale gravity surveys and high frequency repetitions,due to current situation of inadequate coverage and serious damage of basic points.In this study,we used A10-022 absolute gravimeter to measure absolute gravity value of 42 gravity points and 2 relative gravimeter calibration fields(short baselines)in Guangxi.The entire period covers complete observation processes including calibration of metrological parameters(i.e.,laser and atomic clock),2017 International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters(ICAG-2017),indoor repeatability and independent installation checkpoint.We also summarized technical approach and responses for this type of instrument in outdoor conditions,through the record and comparison of environmental factors during the observation period.The results indicated that A10 absolute gravimeter can complete the measurement of the outdoor gravity points with high efficiency and high precision.The ICAG-2017 and repeatability verification ensured the credibility of reconstruction in gravity base network.We found that He-Ne laser-based two mode of frequency drifted and influenced by various factors such as temperature and pressure,but there was no major fluctuation in the center frequency during short period,and we recommend the metrological parameters should be regularly calibrated in the further.The observation error of each base point is mainly affected by environmental disturbances from station quality,human activities and emergencies,and there was a high correlation between measure errors and the temperature difference in air and inside instrument.The detailed analysis of parameter design,technical approach and influencing factors of the A10 absolute gravimeter given in this paper can provide important reference for the observation implementation of the same type of instrument in the future,and it is very helpful for the promotion and application of outdoor absolute gravity observation throughout the country.
引文
Ayhan M E,Al-Muslmani B S A,Kanney J,et al.2015.Absolute gravity measurements by using FG5and A10absolute gravimeters in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Arabian Journal of Geosciences,8(8):6199-6209.
Chen J Y,Yang Y X,Wang M,et al.2007.Establishment of 2000national geodetic control network of China and it's technological progress.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica(in Chinese),36(1):1-8.
Dykowski P,Sekowski M,Krynski J.2018.The use of the A10-020absolute gravimeter for the establishment and modernization of national gravity controls in Europe.∥EGU General Assembly.Vienna,Austria.
Francis O,Baumann H,Volarik T,et al.2013.The European comparison of absolute gravimeters 2011(ECAG-2011)in Walferdange,Luxembourg:results and recommendations.Metrologia,50(3):257-268.
Guo C X,Xiao X N,Qiu Q X,et al.2006.GB_T 20256-2006Specifications for the Gravimetry Control(in Chinese).Beijing:China Standard Press.
Han Y F,He Z T,Liu Y,et al.2017.Reformand repetition measurement of Lingshan Gravity calibration baseline field.Journal of Geomatics(in Chinese),42(4):69-72.
He Z T,Han Y F,Kang S J,et al.2014.Contrast test of A10/028absolute gravimeter with FG5.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),34(3):142-145,150.
He Z T,Kang S J,He X M,et al.2017.First phase of the construction of the national modern surveying benchmark system infrastructure absolute gravity observation.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),37(7):747-751.
Jiang Z,Pálinká2V,Arias F E,et al.2012.The 8th international comparison of absolute gravimeters 2009:the First Key Comparison(CCM.G-K1)in the field of absolute gravimetry.Metrologia,49(6):666-684.
Li J G,Li H,Zhang S T,et al.2014.Results of the second contrast observation of absolute gravimeters(CCAG-2013).Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),34(4):6-66.
Liu D Z,Wang X Q,Xing C F,et al.2002.Verificationand analysis of short calibrationlines of 2000 national gravity network.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),22(4):61-65.
Makien J,Sthlberg B.1998.Long-term frequency stability and temperature response of a polarization-stabilized He-Ne laser.Measurement,24(3):179-185.
Niebauer T M,Faller J E,Godwin H M,et al.1988.Frequency stability measurements on polarization-stabilized He-Ne lasers.Applied Optics,27(7):1285-1289.
Schmerge D,Francis O.2006.Set standard deviation,repeatability and offset of absolute gravimeter A10-008.Metrologia,43(5):414-418.
Skowski M,Krynski J,Dykowski P,et al.2012.Effect of laser and clock stability and meteorological conditions on gravity surveyed with the A10free-fall gravimeter-first results.Natural Hazards,92(1):47-59.
Wang L S,Chen C,Du J S,et al.2012a.Test Measurements and analysis of the A10-022 absolute gravimeter in the Lushan short calibration Line.Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica(in Chinese),41(3):347-352.
Wang L S,Chen C,Wang T Q,et al.2012b.Analysis of measuring accuracy in field with A-10absolute gravimeter.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),32(1):60-63.
Xing L L,Wang L H,Sun S A,et al.2016.Determination of gravity values for Lushan short gravity calibration baseline.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),36(9):753-756.
Zhang H W,Dong C Y,Zhao D M,et al.2011.Latest absolute gravity measurement at some points of 2000national basic gravity network.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),31(4):52-55.
Zhou C G,Sun Y,Han Y,et al.2017.Laying of gravity base points net in Anhui Province and the result and significance.Geology of Anhui(in Chinese),27(3):206-208.
Zhou J C,Sun H P,Xu J Q.2009.Validating global hydrological models by ground and space Gravimetry.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(9):1534-1542.
陈俊勇,杨元喜,王敏等.2007.2000国家大地控制网的构建和它的技术进步.测绘学报,36(1):1-8.
郭春喜,肖学年,丘其宪等.2006.GB_T 20256-2006国家重力控制测量规范.北京:中国标准出版社.
韩宇飞,何志堂,刘阳等.2017.灵山重力标定基线场的升级改造与复测.测绘地理信息,42(4):69-72.
何志堂,韩宇飞,康胜军等.2014.A10/028与FG5绝对重力仪比对测量试验.大地测量与地球动力学,34(3):142-145,150.
何志堂,康胜军,贺小明等.2017.国家现代测绘基准体系基础设施建设一期工程绝对重力观测.大地测量与地球动力学,37(7):747-751.
李建国,李辉,张松堂等.2014.中国绝对重力仪第二次比对测量.大地测量与地球动力学,34(4):64-66.
刘冬至,王晓权,邢灿飞等.2002.《2000国家重力基本网》短基线的检定与分析.大地测量与地球动力学,22(4):61-65.
王林松,陈超,杜劲松等.2012a.A10-022绝对重力仪在庐山短基线的测量试验与分析.测绘学报,41(3):347-352.
王林松,陈超,王同庆等.2012b.A-10绝对重力仪野外测量精度分析.大地测量与地球动力学,32(1):60-63.
邢乐林,王林海,孙少安等.2016.庐山重力短基线场初值测定.大地测量与地球动力学,36(9):753-756.
张宏伟,董朝阳,赵东明等.2011.2000国家重力基本网部分站的最新绝对重力测量.大地测量与地球动力学,31(4):52-55.
周传公,孙勇,韩昱等.2017.安徽省重力基点网的布设及其成果意义.安徽地质,27(3):206-208.
周江存,孙和平,徐建桥.2009.用地表和空间重力测量验证全球水储量变化模型.科学通报,54(9):1282-1289.
Chen J Y,Yang Y X,Wang M,et al.2007.Establishment of 2000national geodetic control network of China and it's technological progress.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica(in Chinese),36(1):1-8.
Dykowski P,Sekowski M,Krynski J.2018.The use of the A10-020absolute gravimeter for the establishment and modernization of national gravity controls in Europe.∥EGU General Assembly.Vienna,Austria.
Francis O,Baumann H,Volarik T,et al.2013.The European comparison of absolute gravimeters 2011(ECAG-2011)in Walferdange,Luxembourg:results and recommendations.Metrologia,50(3):257-268.
Guo C X,Xiao X N,Qiu Q X,et al.2006.GB_T 20256-2006Specifications for the Gravimetry Control(in Chinese).Beijing:China Standard Press.
Han Y F,He Z T,Liu Y,et al.2017.Reformand repetition measurement of Lingshan Gravity calibration baseline field.Journal of Geomatics(in Chinese),42(4):69-72.
He Z T,Han Y F,Kang S J,et al.2014.Contrast test of A10/028absolute gravimeter with FG5.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),34(3):142-145,150.
He Z T,Kang S J,He X M,et al.2017.First phase of the construction of the national modern surveying benchmark system infrastructure absolute gravity observation.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),37(7):747-751.
Jiang Z,Pálinká2V,Arias F E,et al.2012.The 8th international comparison of absolute gravimeters 2009:the First Key Comparison(CCM.G-K1)in the field of absolute gravimetry.Metrologia,49(6):666-684.
Li J G,Li H,Zhang S T,et al.2014.Results of the second contrast observation of absolute gravimeters(CCAG-2013).Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),34(4):6-66.
Liu D Z,Wang X Q,Xing C F,et al.2002.Verificationand analysis of short calibrationlines of 2000 national gravity network.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),22(4):61-65.
Makien J,Sthlberg B.1998.Long-term frequency stability and temperature response of a polarization-stabilized He-Ne laser.Measurement,24(3):179-185.
Niebauer T M,Faller J E,Godwin H M,et al.1988.Frequency stability measurements on polarization-stabilized He-Ne lasers.Applied Optics,27(7):1285-1289.
Schmerge D,Francis O.2006.Set standard deviation,repeatability and offset of absolute gravimeter A10-008.Metrologia,43(5):414-418.
Skowski M,Krynski J,Dykowski P,et al.2012.Effect of laser and clock stability and meteorological conditions on gravity surveyed with the A10free-fall gravimeter-first results.Natural Hazards,92(1):47-59.
Wang L S,Chen C,Du J S,et al.2012a.Test Measurements and analysis of the A10-022 absolute gravimeter in the Lushan short calibration Line.Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica(in Chinese),41(3):347-352.
Wang L S,Chen C,Wang T Q,et al.2012b.Analysis of measuring accuracy in field with A-10absolute gravimeter.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),32(1):60-63.
Xing L L,Wang L H,Sun S A,et al.2016.Determination of gravity values for Lushan short gravity calibration baseline.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),36(9):753-756.
Zhang H W,Dong C Y,Zhao D M,et al.2011.Latest absolute gravity measurement at some points of 2000national basic gravity network.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),31(4):52-55.
Zhou C G,Sun Y,Han Y,et al.2017.Laying of gravity base points net in Anhui Province and the result and significance.Geology of Anhui(in Chinese),27(3):206-208.
Zhou J C,Sun H P,Xu J Q.2009.Validating global hydrological models by ground and space Gravimetry.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(9):1534-1542.
陈俊勇,杨元喜,王敏等.2007.2000国家大地控制网的构建和它的技术进步.测绘学报,36(1):1-8.
郭春喜,肖学年,丘其宪等.2006.GB_T 20256-2006国家重力控制测量规范.北京:中国标准出版社.
韩宇飞,何志堂,刘阳等.2017.灵山重力标定基线场的升级改造与复测.测绘地理信息,42(4):69-72.
何志堂,韩宇飞,康胜军等.2014.A10/028与FG5绝对重力仪比对测量试验.大地测量与地球动力学,34(3):142-145,150.
何志堂,康胜军,贺小明等.2017.国家现代测绘基准体系基础设施建设一期工程绝对重力观测.大地测量与地球动力学,37(7):747-751.
李建国,李辉,张松堂等.2014.中国绝对重力仪第二次比对测量.大地测量与地球动力学,34(4):64-66.
刘冬至,王晓权,邢灿飞等.2002.《2000国家重力基本网》短基线的检定与分析.大地测量与地球动力学,22(4):61-65.
王林松,陈超,杜劲松等.2012a.A10-022绝对重力仪在庐山短基线的测量试验与分析.测绘学报,41(3):347-352.
王林松,陈超,王同庆等.2012b.A-10绝对重力仪野外测量精度分析.大地测量与地球动力学,32(1):60-63.
邢乐林,王林海,孙少安等.2016.庐山重力短基线场初值测定.大地测量与地球动力学,36(9):753-756.
张宏伟,董朝阳,赵东明等.2011.2000国家重力基本网部分站的最新绝对重力测量.大地测量与地球动力学,31(4):52-55.
周传公,孙勇,韩昱等.2017.安徽省重力基点网的布设及其成果意义.安徽地质,27(3):206-208.
周江存,孙和平,徐建桥.2009.用地表和空间重力测量验证全球水储量变化模型.科学通报,54(9):1282-1289.
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