在X模式单道成像与观测系统重复性关系下的多道观测系统重复性
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摘要
时移地震中新提出的多道观测系统重复性,逐一应用于面元,可以给出每个面元单一的观测系统重复性,形成对应叠后成像的地震道重复性的面分布,对于评估时移地震重复性具有重要意义.前人研究抽象了多道间观测系统重复性与单道间观测系统重复性的关系,给出了多道观测系统重复性的衡量方法及其理论依据.其理论中依赖了地震数据重复性与单道观测系统重复性的线性关系模型,而这一关系在单道观测系统重复性的有限范围内较为准确.针对这一问题,本文提出了X模式拟合的关系模型,与全范围的单道地震数据重复性随观测系统重复性的变化趋势更好地吻合,并采用对大单道观测系统重复性的向X节点的收缩,使原多道观测系统重复性的相应关系在整个数据范围内基本成立.基于实际数据的研究表现了该方法的数据分析结果的新特性和应用价值.
The multi-trace geometry repeatability in the time-lapse seismic method was proposed recently.When it is applied to every bin successively,single-value repeatability of each bin is given,forming two-dimensional distribution of repeatability corresponding to stacked image traces.This is of significance on the evaluation of geometry repeatability for time-lapse seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation,in which the multi-trace repeatability should be addressed due to multi-fold of coverage.Previous research focused on the relationship between repeatability of a multi-trace set and its single-traces,and put forward its measurement of repeatability and theoretical basis.In this theory,the repeatability for multi-trace geometry relies on linear relationship between seismic image repeatability and geometry repeatability of singletraces,which is relatively precise only when single-trace repeatability is confined to limited rangebeginning with zero.In order to resolve this problem,we establish X-mode fitting for relationship between single-trace seismic image repeatability and single-trace geometry repeatability and put forward the collapse of single-trace geometry repeatability bigger than the X-node value so that the multi-trace geometry repeatability measurement reached by previous research is logically valid within full range of single-trace geometry repeatability.In this X-mode fitting,there are two straight lines with linear fitting:one is of zero intercept and the other is horizontal.X node is the point of intersection(Dx,dx)of two fitted lines.The final fitting function is composed of fitted linear function with zero intercept(0≤ddx).The study on real data shows some new features revealed by the analysis method and shows application value.The combination of extrapolation point,X node and its difference constructs a functional structure of the data via the comprehensive measurement method.This research is based on the essence of the previous research and an important development to it.The method we propose could be a tool for repeatability evaluation and can make time-lapse seismic data more useful.
The multi-trace geometry repeatability in the time-lapse seismic method was proposed recently.When it is applied to every bin successively,single-value repeatability of each bin is given,forming two-dimensional distribution of repeatability corresponding to stacked image traces.This is of significance on the evaluation of geometry repeatability for time-lapse seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation,in which the multi-trace repeatability should be addressed due to multi-fold of coverage.Previous research focused on the relationship between repeatability of a multi-trace set and its single-traces,and put forward its measurement of repeatability and theoretical basis.In this theory,the repeatability for multi-trace geometry relies on linear relationship between seismic image repeatability and geometry repeatability of singletraces,which is relatively precise only when single-trace repeatability is confined to limited rangebeginning with zero.In order to resolve this problem,we establish X-mode fitting for relationship between single-trace seismic image repeatability and single-trace geometry repeatability and put forward the collapse of single-trace geometry repeatability bigger than the X-node value so that the multi-trace geometry repeatability measurement reached by previous research is logically valid within full range of single-trace geometry repeatability.In this X-mode fitting,there are two straight lines with linear fitting:one is of zero intercept and the other is horizontal.X node is the point of intersection(Dx,dx)of two fitted lines.The final fitting function is composed of fitted linear function with zero intercept(0≤d
引文
Cai Z D,Wang Y H,Wang Y W,et al.2016.Time-lapse vertical seismic profile applied in Junggar and the Tarim basin.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(1):159-163,doi:10.6038/pg20160117.
Calvert R.2005.Insights and Methods for 4DReservoir Monitoring and Characterization.∥75th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Cantillo J.2011.A quantitative discussion on time-lapse repeatability and its metrics.∥81st Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,4160-4164,doi:10.1190/1.3628075.
Chen Z S,Zhang Z,Meng H X,et al.2017.Optimization design of3Dobservation system under complex surface condition.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(2):591-595,doi:10.6038/pg20170219.
Dong F S.2016.Research on survey repeatability in time-lapse seismic[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Dong F S,Fu L Y,Quan H Y,et al.2016.Matched multi-trace geometry repeatability for time lapse seismic.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(8):3056-3067,doi:10.6038/cjg20160828.
Ebaid H,Tura A,Nasser M,et al.2008.First dual-vessel highrepeat GoM 4Dsurvey shows development options at Holstein field.The Leading Edge,27(12):1622-1625,doi:10/1190/1/3036965.
Eiken O,Haugen G U,Schonewille M,et al.2003.A proven method for acquiring highly repeatable towed streamer seismic data.Geophysics,68(4):1303-1309,doi:10.1190/1.1598123.
Foster D G.2007.The BP 4-D story:Experience over the last 10years and current trends.∥International Petroleum Technology Conference.Dubai,U.A.E.:International Petroleum Technology Conference.
Greaves R J,Fulp T J.1987.Three-dimensional seismic monitoring of an enhanced oil recovery process.Geophysics,52(9):1175-1187.
Helgerud M B,Miller A C,Johnston D H,et al.2011a.4Din the deepwater Gulf of Mexico:Hoover,Madison,and Marshall fields.The Leading Edge,30(9):1008-1018,doi:10.1190/1.3640524.
Helgerud M B,Tiwari U,Woods S,et al.2011b.Optimizing seismic repeatability at Ringhorne,Ringhorne East,Balder and Forseti with QC driven time-lapse processing.∥81st Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,4180-4184,doi:10/1190/1.3628080.
Jack L.1997.Time-lapse seismic in reservoir management.SEGDistinguished Instructor Series No.1.Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
Jin L,Chen X H,Li J Y.2005a.A new method for time-lapse seismic matching filter based on error criteria and cyclic iteration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),48(3):698-703.
Jin L,Chen X H,Liu Q C.2005b.New method for time-lapse seismic matching based on SVD.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(2):294-297.
Johnston D H.2013.Practical applications of time-lapse seismic date.∥83rd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Kragh E,Christie P.2002.Seismic repeatability,normalized rms,and predictability.The Leading Edge,21(7):640-647,doi:10.1190/1.1497316.
Landr? M.1999.Repeatability issues of 3-D VSP data.Geophysics,64(6):1673-1679,doi:10.1190/1.1444671.
Li L,Xie Y H,Gu H M,et al.2016.Comparative analysis of illumination based on 3D ray tracing and wave equation in evaluating marine seismic acquisition.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1834-1840,doi:10.6038/pg20160455.
Li R,Hu T Y.2004.Cross-equilibration technique in time-lapse seismic data processing.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),39(4):424-427.
Lin B H,Li J,Jin X,et al.2017.Development and application of air-gun signal real-time processing system.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(4):1808-1816,doi:10.6038/pg20170454.
Misaghi A,LandrM,Petersen S A.2007.Overburden complexity and repeatability of seismic data:Impacts of positioning errors at the Oseberg field,North Sea.Geophysical Prospecting,55(3):365-379,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.2007.00620.x.
Nur A M.1982.Seismic imaging in enhanced recovery.∥52nd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,99-109.
Nur A M,Tosaya C,Vo-Thanh D.1984.Seismic monitoring of thermal enhanced oil recovery processes.∥54th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,337-340.
Nur A M,Wang Z.1987.In-situ seismic monitoring EOR:The petrophysical basis.∥57th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Pan J,Luan X W,Liu H,et al.2016.Application of anomalous amplitude noise attenuation in seismic data processing of multichannel survey line.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1639-1645,doi:10.6038/pg20160431.
Pullin N,Matthews L,Hirsche K.1987.Techniques applied to obtain very high resolution 3-D seismic imaging at an Athabasca tar sands thermal pilot.The Leading Edge,6(12):10-15.
Ridsdill-Smith T,Flynn D,Darling S.2008.Benefits of two-boat4Dacquisition,an Australian case study.The Leading Edge,27(7):940-944,doi:10.1190/1.2954036.
Smit F,Brain J,Watt K.2005.Repeatability monitoring during marine 4Dstreamer acquisition.∥75th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Stang H R,Soni Y.1987.Saner Ranch pilot test of fractures assisted steamflood technology.Journal of Petroleum Technology,39(6):684-696.
Wang Y G,Meng X J,Xia J Z,et al.2015.Development and practice in reservoir geophysics.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(5):2246-2256,doi:10.6038/pg20150535.
Wang Y J,Xu H,Fu J R,et al.2016.Time-lapse seismic mutual constraint frequency consistency processing method.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1688-1692,doi:10.6038/pg20160437.
Widmaier M,Hegna S,Smit F,et al.2003.A strategy for optimal marine 4Dacquisition.∥73rd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,1533-1536,doi:10.1190/1.1817587.
Widmaier M,Long A,Danielsen B,et al.2005.Recent experience with 4Dmarine seismic acquisition.First Break,23(6):77-82.
Xiong Y M,Xu C M,Wu D L,et al.2017.Application of non-rigid matching technique in consistency processing of seismic data.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(1):306-310,doi:10.6038/pg20170143.
Xue G Q,Di Q Y,Cheng J L.2017.Review the forefront problem of resources and environmental geophysics.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(4):1838-1841,doi:10.6038/pg20170458.
Yu F W,Wei J D,Feng Y P.2017.How the ground-geophone coupling affects the seismic data.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(1):339-343,doi:10.6038/pg20170148.
Zhao G L,Chen H F,Gao X J,et al.2016.Prestack migration energy consistency processing method and application.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(3):1295-1299,doi:10.6038/pg20160350.
Zhou X P,Yu H C,Wang Y J,et al.2015.Common reflection point gathers extraction method in time-lapse seismic data processing.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(2):752-757,doi:10.6038/pg20150237.
蔡志东,王艳华,王玉伟等.2016.时移垂直地震剖面技术在准噶尔和塔里木盆地的应用分析.地球物理学进展,31(1):159-163,doi:10.6038/pg20160117.
陈中山,张昭,孟红星等.2017.复杂地表条件下的三维观测系统优化设计.地球物理学进展,32(2):591-595,doi:10.6038/pg20170219.
董凤树.2016.时移地震观测系统重复性研究[博士论文].北京:中国科学院大学,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所.
董凤树,符力耘,全海燕等.2016.海上时移地震中多道匹配的观测系统重复性研究.地球物理学报,59(8):3056-3067,doi:10.6038/cjg20160828.
金龙,陈小宏,李景叶.2005a.基于误差准则和循环迭代的时移地震匹配滤波方法.地球物理学报,48(3):698-703.
金龙,陈小宏,刘其成.2005b.基于奇异值分解的时移地震互均衡方法.地球物理学进展,20(2):294-297.
李列,谢玉洪,顾汉明等.2016.三维射线法和波动方程法照明分析评价海上地震采集观测系统的比较.地球物理学进展,31(4):1834-1840,doi:10.6038/pg20160455.
李蓉,胡天跃.2004.时移地震资料处理中的互均衡技术.石油地球物理勘探,39(4):424-427.
林彬华,李军,金星等.2017.气枪信号实时处理系统研发及应用.地球物理学进展,32(4):1808-1816,doi:10.6038/pg20170454.
潘军,栾锡武,刘鸿等.2016.异常振幅衰减技术在多道地震数据处理中的应用.地球物理学进展,31(4):1639-1645,doi:10.6038/pg20160431.
王延光,孟宪军,夏吉庄等.2015.油藏地球物理技术发展与应用实践.地球物理学进展,30(5):2246-2256,doi:10.6038/pg20150535.
王彦军,徐辉,傅金荣等.2016.时延地震互约束频率一致性处理方法.地球物理学进展,31(4):1688-1692,doi:10.6038/pg20160437.
熊艳梅,徐春梅,邬达理等.2017.非刚性匹配技术在地震资料一致性处理中的应用.地球物理学进展,32(1):306-310,doi:10.6038/pg20170143.
薛国强,底青云,程久龙.2017.资源与环境地球物理的前沿问题综述.地球物理学进展,2017,32(4):1838-1841,doi:10.6038/pg20170458.
于富文,魏继东,冯玉苹.2017.检波器-大地耦合响应对地震数据的影响.地球物理学进展,32(1):339-343,doi:10.6038/pg20170148.
赵桂玲,陈海峰,高现俊等.2016.叠前偏移能量一致性处理方法及应用.地球物理学进展,31(3):1295-1299,doi:10.6038/pg20160350.
周小平,于海铖,王彦军等.2015.时延地震处理中的共反射点道集抽取方法.地球物理学进展,30(2):752-757,doi:10.6038/pg20150237.
Calvert R.2005.Insights and Methods for 4DReservoir Monitoring and Characterization.∥75th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Cantillo J.2011.A quantitative discussion on time-lapse repeatability and its metrics.∥81st Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,4160-4164,doi:10.1190/1.3628075.
Chen Z S,Zhang Z,Meng H X,et al.2017.Optimization design of3Dobservation system under complex surface condition.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(2):591-595,doi:10.6038/pg20170219.
Dong F S.2016.Research on survey repeatability in time-lapse seismic[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Dong F S,Fu L Y,Quan H Y,et al.2016.Matched multi-trace geometry repeatability for time lapse seismic.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(8):3056-3067,doi:10.6038/cjg20160828.
Ebaid H,Tura A,Nasser M,et al.2008.First dual-vessel highrepeat GoM 4Dsurvey shows development options at Holstein field.The Leading Edge,27(12):1622-1625,doi:10/1190/1/3036965.
Eiken O,Haugen G U,Schonewille M,et al.2003.A proven method for acquiring highly repeatable towed streamer seismic data.Geophysics,68(4):1303-1309,doi:10.1190/1.1598123.
Foster D G.2007.The BP 4-D story:Experience over the last 10years and current trends.∥International Petroleum Technology Conference.Dubai,U.A.E.:International Petroleum Technology Conference.
Greaves R J,Fulp T J.1987.Three-dimensional seismic monitoring of an enhanced oil recovery process.Geophysics,52(9):1175-1187.
Helgerud M B,Miller A C,Johnston D H,et al.2011a.4Din the deepwater Gulf of Mexico:Hoover,Madison,and Marshall fields.The Leading Edge,30(9):1008-1018,doi:10.1190/1.3640524.
Helgerud M B,Tiwari U,Woods S,et al.2011b.Optimizing seismic repeatability at Ringhorne,Ringhorne East,Balder and Forseti with QC driven time-lapse processing.∥81st Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,4180-4184,doi:10/1190/1.3628080.
Jack L.1997.Time-lapse seismic in reservoir management.SEGDistinguished Instructor Series No.1.Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
Jin L,Chen X H,Li J Y.2005a.A new method for time-lapse seismic matching filter based on error criteria and cyclic iteration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),48(3):698-703.
Jin L,Chen X H,Liu Q C.2005b.New method for time-lapse seismic matching based on SVD.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(2):294-297.
Johnston D H.2013.Practical applications of time-lapse seismic date.∥83rd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Kragh E,Christie P.2002.Seismic repeatability,normalized rms,and predictability.The Leading Edge,21(7):640-647,doi:10.1190/1.1497316.
Landr? M.1999.Repeatability issues of 3-D VSP data.Geophysics,64(6):1673-1679,doi:10.1190/1.1444671.
Li L,Xie Y H,Gu H M,et al.2016.Comparative analysis of illumination based on 3D ray tracing and wave equation in evaluating marine seismic acquisition.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1834-1840,doi:10.6038/pg20160455.
Li R,Hu T Y.2004.Cross-equilibration technique in time-lapse seismic data processing.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),39(4):424-427.
Lin B H,Li J,Jin X,et al.2017.Development and application of air-gun signal real-time processing system.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(4):1808-1816,doi:10.6038/pg20170454.
Misaghi A,LandrM,Petersen S A.2007.Overburden complexity and repeatability of seismic data:Impacts of positioning errors at the Oseberg field,North Sea.Geophysical Prospecting,55(3):365-379,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.2007.00620.x.
Nur A M.1982.Seismic imaging in enhanced recovery.∥52nd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,99-109.
Nur A M,Tosaya C,Vo-Thanh D.1984.Seismic monitoring of thermal enhanced oil recovery processes.∥54th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,337-340.
Nur A M,Wang Z.1987.In-situ seismic monitoring EOR:The petrophysical basis.∥57th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Pan J,Luan X W,Liu H,et al.2016.Application of anomalous amplitude noise attenuation in seismic data processing of multichannel survey line.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1639-1645,doi:10.6038/pg20160431.
Pullin N,Matthews L,Hirsche K.1987.Techniques applied to obtain very high resolution 3-D seismic imaging at an Athabasca tar sands thermal pilot.The Leading Edge,6(12):10-15.
Ridsdill-Smith T,Flynn D,Darling S.2008.Benefits of two-boat4Dacquisition,an Australian case study.The Leading Edge,27(7):940-944,doi:10.1190/1.2954036.
Smit F,Brain J,Watt K.2005.Repeatability monitoring during marine 4Dstreamer acquisition.∥75th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Stang H R,Soni Y.1987.Saner Ranch pilot test of fractures assisted steamflood technology.Journal of Petroleum Technology,39(6):684-696.
Wang Y G,Meng X J,Xia J Z,et al.2015.Development and practice in reservoir geophysics.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(5):2246-2256,doi:10.6038/pg20150535.
Wang Y J,Xu H,Fu J R,et al.2016.Time-lapse seismic mutual constraint frequency consistency processing method.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1688-1692,doi:10.6038/pg20160437.
Widmaier M,Hegna S,Smit F,et al.2003.A strategy for optimal marine 4Dacquisition.∥73rd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,1533-1536,doi:10.1190/1.1817587.
Widmaier M,Long A,Danielsen B,et al.2005.Recent experience with 4Dmarine seismic acquisition.First Break,23(6):77-82.
Xiong Y M,Xu C M,Wu D L,et al.2017.Application of non-rigid matching technique in consistency processing of seismic data.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(1):306-310,doi:10.6038/pg20170143.
Xue G Q,Di Q Y,Cheng J L.2017.Review the forefront problem of resources and environmental geophysics.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(4):1838-1841,doi:10.6038/pg20170458.
Yu F W,Wei J D,Feng Y P.2017.How the ground-geophone coupling affects the seismic data.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(1):339-343,doi:10.6038/pg20170148.
Zhao G L,Chen H F,Gao X J,et al.2016.Prestack migration energy consistency processing method and application.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(3):1295-1299,doi:10.6038/pg20160350.
Zhou X P,Yu H C,Wang Y J,et al.2015.Common reflection point gathers extraction method in time-lapse seismic data processing.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(2):752-757,doi:10.6038/pg20150237.
蔡志东,王艳华,王玉伟等.2016.时移垂直地震剖面技术在准噶尔和塔里木盆地的应用分析.地球物理学进展,31(1):159-163,doi:10.6038/pg20160117.
陈中山,张昭,孟红星等.2017.复杂地表条件下的三维观测系统优化设计.地球物理学进展,32(2):591-595,doi:10.6038/pg20170219.
董凤树.2016.时移地震观测系统重复性研究[博士论文].北京:中国科学院大学,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所.
董凤树,符力耘,全海燕等.2016.海上时移地震中多道匹配的观测系统重复性研究.地球物理学报,59(8):3056-3067,doi:10.6038/cjg20160828.
金龙,陈小宏,李景叶.2005a.基于误差准则和循环迭代的时移地震匹配滤波方法.地球物理学报,48(3):698-703.
金龙,陈小宏,刘其成.2005b.基于奇异值分解的时移地震互均衡方法.地球物理学进展,20(2):294-297.
李列,谢玉洪,顾汉明等.2016.三维射线法和波动方程法照明分析评价海上地震采集观测系统的比较.地球物理学进展,31(4):1834-1840,doi:10.6038/pg20160455.
李蓉,胡天跃.2004.时移地震资料处理中的互均衡技术.石油地球物理勘探,39(4):424-427.
林彬华,李军,金星等.2017.气枪信号实时处理系统研发及应用.地球物理学进展,32(4):1808-1816,doi:10.6038/pg20170454.
潘军,栾锡武,刘鸿等.2016.异常振幅衰减技术在多道地震数据处理中的应用.地球物理学进展,31(4):1639-1645,doi:10.6038/pg20160431.
王延光,孟宪军,夏吉庄等.2015.油藏地球物理技术发展与应用实践.地球物理学进展,30(5):2246-2256,doi:10.6038/pg20150535.
王彦军,徐辉,傅金荣等.2016.时延地震互约束频率一致性处理方法.地球物理学进展,31(4):1688-1692,doi:10.6038/pg20160437.
熊艳梅,徐春梅,邬达理等.2017.非刚性匹配技术在地震资料一致性处理中的应用.地球物理学进展,32(1):306-310,doi:10.6038/pg20170143.
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