利用多通道瞬变电磁法识别深部矿体——以内蒙兴安盟铅锌银矿为例
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摘要
多通道瞬变电磁法由于采用伪随机编码发射、最佳匹配相干解码技术,所以相比于传统时间域电磁方法勘探深度大且抗干扰能力强,是目前地面资源勘查领域的研究热点.针对内蒙兴安盟某铅锌银矿埋藏深度大等特点,首先根据矿区资料建立一维以及二维模型,数值计算脉冲响应并分析其特征,说明多通道瞬变电磁对于大埋深低阻异常体有良好的反映,随后通过多通道瞬变电磁技术对矿区进行实例勘查,数据处理过程中利用了反卷积的方法提取大地脉冲响应,根据轴向大地脉冲响应的峰值时刻计算视电阻率,通过对视电阻率进行全波形反演得到解释剖面,与测区钻孔资料对比分析证明,多通道瞬变电磁法是反映深部低阻异常体的有效手段.
The Multi-Channel Transient Electromagnetic Method(MTEM)adopts pseudo-random code transmission and best matching coherent decoding technology,thus its exploration depth is larger and the anti-interference ability is stronger than the traditional time domain electromagnetic method,and it becomes a research focus in ground resource exploration.This paper presents the application of the method to a lead-zinc-silver mine in Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia.In viewof its large burial depth,firstly,we establish a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional model based on the data of the mining area.Then we calculate the impulse response and analyze its characteristics.Results show that the MTEM can reflect well the resistance anomalies at large depths.This technology is used to carry out an example survey in the mining area.In the data processing process,the deconvolution method is used to extract the earth impulse response,and the apparent resistivity is calculated according to the peak moment of the axial ground impulse response.The full-waveform inversion of the apparent resistivity yields an explanatory profile.The comparison with the borehole data of the survey area proves that the MTEM is an effective method to reveal bodies with low-resistance anomalies in the deep subsurface.
The Multi-Channel Transient Electromagnetic Method(MTEM)adopts pseudo-random code transmission and best matching coherent decoding technology,thus its exploration depth is larger and the anti-interference ability is stronger than the traditional time domain electromagnetic method,and it becomes a research focus in ground resource exploration.This paper presents the application of the method to a lead-zinc-silver mine in Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia.In viewof its large burial depth,firstly,we establish a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional model based on the data of the mining area.Then we calculate the impulse response and analyze its characteristics.Results show that the MTEM can reflect well the resistance anomalies at large depths.This technology is used to carry out an example survey in the mining area.In the data processing process,the deconvolution method is used to extract the earth impulse response,and the apparent resistivity is calculated according to the peak moment of the axial ground impulse response.The full-waveform inversion of the apparent resistivity yields an explanatory profile.The comparison with the borehole data of the survey area proves that the MTEM is an effective method to reveal bodies with low-resistance anomalies in the deep subsurface.
引文
Cagniard L.1953.Basic theory of the magneto-telluric method of geophysical prospecting.Geophysics,18(3):605-635.
Chave A D,Jones A G.2012.The Magnetotelluric Method:Theory and Prazctice.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Chen L S.2009.Magnetotelluric Sounding:An Effective Approach to Survey Electrical Property and State of Matter in the Deep Earth.Chinese Journal of Nature,31(1),39-46.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Muhammad Y K,et al.2015.Application of short-offset TEM(SOTEM)technique in mapping waterenriched zones of coal stratum,an example from East China.Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(6):1643-1651.
Constable S C,Parker R L,Constable C G.1987.Occam′s inversion;A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data.Geophysics,52(3):289-300.
Di Q Y,Lei D,Wang Z X,et al.2016.An integrated test of the multi-channel transient electromagnetic system.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4399-4407,doi:10.6038/cjg20161201.
Duncan P M,Hwang A,Edwards R N,et al.1980.The development and applications of a wide band electromagnetic sounding system using apseudo-noise source.Geophysics,45(8):1276-1296.
Edwards R N.1997.On the resource evaluation of marine gas hydrate deposits using sea-floor transient electric dipole-dipole methods.Geophysics,62(1):63-74.
Hobbs B,Ziolkowski A,Wright D.2006.Multi-Transient Electromagnetics(MTEM)-controlled source equipment for subsurface resistivity investigation.∥18th IAGA WG 1.2Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth.El Vendrell,Spain,17-23.
Knight J H,Raiche A P.1982.Transient electromagnetic calculations using the Gaver-Stehfest inverse Laplace transform method.Geophysics,47(1):47-50.
Li H,Xue G Q,Zhong H S,et al.2016.Joint inversion of CMPgathers of multi-channel transient electromagnetic data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4439-4447,doi:10.6038/cjg20161206.
Liu G D.1994.Development of magnetotelluric method in China.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),37(S1):301-310.
Noor M A.1993.Wiener-hopf equations and variational inequalities.Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications,79(1):197-206.
Pipkin A C.1991.Wiener-Hopf equations.∥A Course on Integral Equations.New York:Springer,160-172.
Qi Y F,Yin C C,Wang R,et al.2015.Multi-transient EM fulltime forward modeling and inversion of m-sequences.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(7):2566-2577,doi:10.6038/cjg20150731.
Robinson E A.1967.Predictive decomposition of time series with application to seismic exploration.Geophysics,32(2):418-484.
Robinson E A,Osman O A.1996.Deconvolution 2:Geophysics Reprint Series:SEG.
Tang J T,He J S.2005.Controlled Source Audio-Frequency Magnetotellurics(CSAMT)and its Application(in Chinese).Changsha:Central South University Press.
Tang J T,Luo W B.2008.Pseudo-random electromagnetic exploration based on invert-repeated m-Sequence correlation identification.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(4):1226-1233.
Um E S,Alumbaugh D L,Harris J M,et al.2012.Numerical modeling analysis of short-offset electric-field measurements with a vertical electric dipole source in complex offshore environments.Geophysics,77(5):E329-E341.
Wait J R.1960.Propagation of electromagnetic pulses in a homogeneous conducting earth.Applied Scientific Research,Section B,8(1):213-253.
Wang R,Endo M,Di Q Y,et al.2010.The analysis of CSAMTresponses of dyke embedded below conductive overburden.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(3):677-684.
Wang R,Wang M Y,Di Q Y.2006.Electromagnetic modeling due to line source in frequency domain using finite element method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),49(6):1858-1866.
Wang R,Wang M Y,Di Q Y,et al.2016.Signal synthesis of timedomain electromagnetic response excited by apseudo random binary sequence source.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4414-4423,doi:10.6038/cjg20161203.
Wang R,Wang M Y,Di Q Y,et al.2018.2DFEM modeling on the multi-channel transient electromagnetic method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),61(12):5084-5095,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0672.
Webster G M.1978.Deconvolution:Geophysics Reprints Series:SEG.
Wright D,Ziolkowski A,Hobbs B.2002.Hydrocarbon detection and monitoring with a multicomponent transient electromagnetic(MTEM)survey.The Leading Edge,21(9):852-864.
Wright D,Ziolkowski A M,Hobbs B A.2005-07-05.Detection of subsurface resistivity contrasts with application to location of fluids:US,6914433.
Xue G Q,Chen W Y,Zhou N N,et al.2013.Short-offset TEMtechnique with a grounded wire source for deep sounding.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(1):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
Xue G Q,Gelius L J,Sakyi P A,et al.2014.Discovery of a hidden BIF deposit in Anhui province,China by integrated geological and geophysical investigations.Ore Geology Reviews,63:470-477.
Xue G Q,Wu X,Li H,et al.2016.Progress of multi-transient electromagnetic method in abroad.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(5):2187-2191,doi:10.6038/pg20160542.
Yin C C,Huang W,Ben F.2013.The full-time electromagnetic modeling for time-domain airborne electromagnetic systems.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(9):3153-3162,doi:10.6038/cjg20130928.
Yu C M.1998.The application of csamt method in looking for hidden gold mine.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),41(1):133-138.
Zhang W W,Di Q Y,Lei D,et al.2018.Multi-channel transient electromagnetic method:a new geophysical method and its application in exploring metallic ore deposits.Gold Sciences and Technology,26(1):1-8.
Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Tang J.2007.Advanced geo-electromagnetic methods in China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(4):1171-1180.
Zhi Q Q.2015.Study On Wave field transformation and migration imaging of MTEM Data[Master′s thesis].Xi′an:Chang′an University.
Zhong H S,Xue G Q,Li X,et al.2016.Pseudo wavefield extraction in the multi-channel transient electromagnetic(MTEM)method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4424-4431,doi:10.6038/cjg20161204.
Ziolkowski A.2007.Developments in the transient electromagnetic method.First Break,25(6):99-106.
Ziolkowski A,Hobbs B A,Dawes G,et al.2005-12-13.True amplitude transient electromagnetic system response measurement:US,7957904.
Ziolkowski A,Hobbs B A,Wright D.2002.Research feature:First direct hydrocarbon detection and reservoir monitoring using transient electromagnetics.First Break,20(4):224-225.
Ziolkowski A,Wright D,Hall G,et al.2008.Successful transient EM survey in the North Sea at 100mwater depth.∥78th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,667-671.
Ziolkowski A M.2012-03-27.Short-offset transient electromagnetic geophysical surveying:US,8143897.
Zou M Y.2001.Deconvolution and Signal Restoration(in Chinese).Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,143-144.
陈乐寿.2009.大地电磁测探-探测地球深部电性和物质状态的一种有效手段.自然杂志,31(1):39-46.
底青云,雷达,王中兴等.2016.多通道大功率电法勘探仪集成试验.地球物理学报,59(12):4399-4407,doi:10.6038/cjg20161201.
李海,薛国强,钟华森等.2016.多道瞬变电磁法共中心点道集数据联合反演.地球物理学报,59(12):4439-4437,doi:10.6038/cjg20161206.
刘国栋.1994.我国大地电磁测深的发展.地球物理学报,37(S1):301-310.
齐彦福,殷长春,王若等.2015.多通道瞬变电磁m序列全时正演模拟与反演.地球物理学报,58(7):2566-2577,doi:10.6038/cjg20150731.
汤井田,何继善.2005.可控源音频大地电磁法及其应用.长沙:中南大学出版社.
汤井田,罗维斌.2008.基于相关辨识的逆重复m序列伪随机电磁法.地球物理学报,51(4):1226-1233.
王若,王妙月,底青云.2006.频率域线源大地电磁法有限元正演模拟.地球物理学报,49(6):1858-1866.
王若,王妙月,底青云等.2016.伪随机编码源激发下的时域电磁信号合成.地球物理学报,59(12):4414-4423,doi:10.6038/cjg20161203.
王若,王秒月,底青云等.2018.多通道瞬变电磁法2D有限元模拟.地球物理学报,61(12):5084-5095,doi:10.6083/cjg2018L0672.
薛国强,陈卫营,周楠楠等.2013.接地源瞬变电磁短偏移深部探测技术.地球物理学报,2013,56(1):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
薛国强,武欣,李海等.2016.多道瞬变电磁法(MTEM)国外研究进展.地球物理学进展,31(5):2187-2191,doi:10.6038/pg20160542.
薛国强,闫述,底青云等.2015.多道瞬变电磁法(MTEM)技术分析.地球科学与环境学报,37(1):94-100.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6561.2015.01.010.
殷长春,黄威,贲放.2013.时间域航空电磁系统瞬变全时响应正演模拟.地球物理学报,56(9):3153-3162,doi:10.6038/cjg20130928.
于昌明.1998.CSAMT方法在寻找隐伏金矿中的应用.地球物理学报,41(1):133-138.
张文伟,底青云,雷达等.2018.物探新方法-多通道瞬变电磁法在金属矿勘探中的应用.黄金科学技术,26(1):1-8.
赵国泽,陈小斌,汤吉.2007.中国地球电磁法新进展和发展趋势.地球物理学进展,22(4):1171-1180.
智庆全.2015.MTEM波场变换与偏移成像方法研究[硕士论文].西安:长安大学.
钟华森,薛国强,李貅等.2016.多道瞬变电磁法(MTEM)虚拟波场提取技术.地球物理学报,59(2):4424-4431,doi:10.6038/cjg20161204.
邹谋炎.2001.反卷积和信号复原.北京:国防工业出版社,143-144.
Chave A D,Jones A G.2012.The Magnetotelluric Method:Theory and Prazctice.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Chen L S.2009.Magnetotelluric Sounding:An Effective Approach to Survey Electrical Property and State of Matter in the Deep Earth.Chinese Journal of Nature,31(1),39-46.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Muhammad Y K,et al.2015.Application of short-offset TEM(SOTEM)technique in mapping waterenriched zones of coal stratum,an example from East China.Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(6):1643-1651.
Constable S C,Parker R L,Constable C G.1987.Occam′s inversion;A practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromagnetic sounding data.Geophysics,52(3):289-300.
Di Q Y,Lei D,Wang Z X,et al.2016.An integrated test of the multi-channel transient electromagnetic system.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4399-4407,doi:10.6038/cjg20161201.
Duncan P M,Hwang A,Edwards R N,et al.1980.The development and applications of a wide band electromagnetic sounding system using apseudo-noise source.Geophysics,45(8):1276-1296.
Edwards R N.1997.On the resource evaluation of marine gas hydrate deposits using sea-floor transient electric dipole-dipole methods.Geophysics,62(1):63-74.
Hobbs B,Ziolkowski A,Wright D.2006.Multi-Transient Electromagnetics(MTEM)-controlled source equipment for subsurface resistivity investigation.∥18th IAGA WG 1.2Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth.El Vendrell,Spain,17-23.
Knight J H,Raiche A P.1982.Transient electromagnetic calculations using the Gaver-Stehfest inverse Laplace transform method.Geophysics,47(1):47-50.
Li H,Xue G Q,Zhong H S,et al.2016.Joint inversion of CMPgathers of multi-channel transient electromagnetic data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4439-4447,doi:10.6038/cjg20161206.
Liu G D.1994.Development of magnetotelluric method in China.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),37(S1):301-310.
Noor M A.1993.Wiener-hopf equations and variational inequalities.Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications,79(1):197-206.
Pipkin A C.1991.Wiener-Hopf equations.∥A Course on Integral Equations.New York:Springer,160-172.
Qi Y F,Yin C C,Wang R,et al.2015.Multi-transient EM fulltime forward modeling and inversion of m-sequences.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(7):2566-2577,doi:10.6038/cjg20150731.
Robinson E A.1967.Predictive decomposition of time series with application to seismic exploration.Geophysics,32(2):418-484.
Robinson E A,Osman O A.1996.Deconvolution 2:Geophysics Reprint Series:SEG.
Tang J T,He J S.2005.Controlled Source Audio-Frequency Magnetotellurics(CSAMT)and its Application(in Chinese).Changsha:Central South University Press.
Tang J T,Luo W B.2008.Pseudo-random electromagnetic exploration based on invert-repeated m-Sequence correlation identification.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(4):1226-1233.
Um E S,Alumbaugh D L,Harris J M,et al.2012.Numerical modeling analysis of short-offset electric-field measurements with a vertical electric dipole source in complex offshore environments.Geophysics,77(5):E329-E341.
Wait J R.1960.Propagation of electromagnetic pulses in a homogeneous conducting earth.Applied Scientific Research,Section B,8(1):213-253.
Wang R,Endo M,Di Q Y,et al.2010.The analysis of CSAMTresponses of dyke embedded below conductive overburden.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(3):677-684.
Wang R,Wang M Y,Di Q Y.2006.Electromagnetic modeling due to line source in frequency domain using finite element method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),49(6):1858-1866.
Wang R,Wang M Y,Di Q Y,et al.2016.Signal synthesis of timedomain electromagnetic response excited by apseudo random binary sequence source.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4414-4423,doi:10.6038/cjg20161203.
Wang R,Wang M Y,Di Q Y,et al.2018.2DFEM modeling on the multi-channel transient electromagnetic method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),61(12):5084-5095,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0672.
Webster G M.1978.Deconvolution:Geophysics Reprints Series:SEG.
Wright D,Ziolkowski A,Hobbs B.2002.Hydrocarbon detection and monitoring with a multicomponent transient electromagnetic(MTEM)survey.The Leading Edge,21(9):852-864.
Wright D,Ziolkowski A M,Hobbs B A.2005-07-05.Detection of subsurface resistivity contrasts with application to location of fluids:US,6914433.
Xue G Q,Chen W Y,Zhou N N,et al.2013.Short-offset TEMtechnique with a grounded wire source for deep sounding.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(1):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
Xue G Q,Gelius L J,Sakyi P A,et al.2014.Discovery of a hidden BIF deposit in Anhui province,China by integrated geological and geophysical investigations.Ore Geology Reviews,63:470-477.
Xue G Q,Wu X,Li H,et al.2016.Progress of multi-transient electromagnetic method in abroad.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(5):2187-2191,doi:10.6038/pg20160542.
Yin C C,Huang W,Ben F.2013.The full-time electromagnetic modeling for time-domain airborne electromagnetic systems.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(9):3153-3162,doi:10.6038/cjg20130928.
Yu C M.1998.The application of csamt method in looking for hidden gold mine.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),41(1):133-138.
Zhang W W,Di Q Y,Lei D,et al.2018.Multi-channel transient electromagnetic method:a new geophysical method and its application in exploring metallic ore deposits.Gold Sciences and Technology,26(1):1-8.
Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Tang J.2007.Advanced geo-electromagnetic methods in China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(4):1171-1180.
Zhi Q Q.2015.Study On Wave field transformation and migration imaging of MTEM Data[Master′s thesis].Xi′an:Chang′an University.
Zhong H S,Xue G Q,Li X,et al.2016.Pseudo wavefield extraction in the multi-channel transient electromagnetic(MTEM)method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4424-4431,doi:10.6038/cjg20161204.
Ziolkowski A.2007.Developments in the transient electromagnetic method.First Break,25(6):99-106.
Ziolkowski A,Hobbs B A,Dawes G,et al.2005-12-13.True amplitude transient electromagnetic system response measurement:US,7957904.
Ziolkowski A,Hobbs B A,Wright D.2002.Research feature:First direct hydrocarbon detection and reservoir monitoring using transient electromagnetics.First Break,20(4):224-225.
Ziolkowski A,Wright D,Hall G,et al.2008.Successful transient EM survey in the North Sea at 100mwater depth.∥78th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,667-671.
Ziolkowski A M.2012-03-27.Short-offset transient electromagnetic geophysical surveying:US,8143897.
Zou M Y.2001.Deconvolution and Signal Restoration(in Chinese).Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,143-144.
陈乐寿.2009.大地电磁测探-探测地球深部电性和物质状态的一种有效手段.自然杂志,31(1):39-46.
底青云,雷达,王中兴等.2016.多通道大功率电法勘探仪集成试验.地球物理学报,59(12):4399-4407,doi:10.6038/cjg20161201.
李海,薛国强,钟华森等.2016.多道瞬变电磁法共中心点道集数据联合反演.地球物理学报,59(12):4439-4437,doi:10.6038/cjg20161206.
刘国栋.1994.我国大地电磁测深的发展.地球物理学报,37(S1):301-310.
齐彦福,殷长春,王若等.2015.多通道瞬变电磁m序列全时正演模拟与反演.地球物理学报,58(7):2566-2577,doi:10.6038/cjg20150731.
汤井田,何继善.2005.可控源音频大地电磁法及其应用.长沙:中南大学出版社.
汤井田,罗维斌.2008.基于相关辨识的逆重复m序列伪随机电磁法.地球物理学报,51(4):1226-1233.
王若,王妙月,底青云.2006.频率域线源大地电磁法有限元正演模拟.地球物理学报,49(6):1858-1866.
王若,王妙月,底青云等.2016.伪随机编码源激发下的时域电磁信号合成.地球物理学报,59(12):4414-4423,doi:10.6038/cjg20161203.
王若,王秒月,底青云等.2018.多通道瞬变电磁法2D有限元模拟.地球物理学报,61(12):5084-5095,doi:10.6083/cjg2018L0672.
薛国强,陈卫营,周楠楠等.2013.接地源瞬变电磁短偏移深部探测技术.地球物理学报,2013,56(1):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
薛国强,武欣,李海等.2016.多道瞬变电磁法(MTEM)国外研究进展.地球物理学进展,31(5):2187-2191,doi:10.6038/pg20160542.
薛国强,闫述,底青云等.2015.多道瞬变电磁法(MTEM)技术分析.地球科学与环境学报,37(1):94-100.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6561.2015.01.010.
殷长春,黄威,贲放.2013.时间域航空电磁系统瞬变全时响应正演模拟.地球物理学报,56(9):3153-3162,doi:10.6038/cjg20130928.
于昌明.1998.CSAMT方法在寻找隐伏金矿中的应用.地球物理学报,41(1):133-138.
张文伟,底青云,雷达等.2018.物探新方法-多通道瞬变电磁法在金属矿勘探中的应用.黄金科学技术,26(1):1-8.
赵国泽,陈小斌,汤吉.2007.中国地球电磁法新进展和发展趋势.地球物理学进展,22(4):1171-1180.
智庆全.2015.MTEM波场变换与偏移成像方法研究[硕士论文].西安:长安大学.
钟华森,薛国强,李貅等.2016.多道瞬变电磁法(MTEM)虚拟波场提取技术.地球物理学报,59(2):4424-4431,doi:10.6038/cjg20161204.
邹谋炎.2001.反卷积和信号复原.北京:国防工业出版社,143-144.
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