准西北缘哈山地区石炭系火山岩储层特征及影响因素
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摘要
准西北缘哈山地区石炭系火山岩形成于陆缘岛弧及大洋岛弧背景,是该区重要的勘探目标类型。为探究哈山地区火山岩储层发育及控制因素,以露头观测为基础,利用岩心、普通和铸体薄片、扫描电镜等手段,结合成像测井资料,对火山岩岩石学特征、储集特征及影响因素进行研究。研究认为石炭系火山岩主要由熔岩类玄武岩、安山岩和火山碎屑岩类火山角砾岩、凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩两大类5种岩性组成;储集空间包括溶蚀—裂缝型、裂缝—溶蚀型、溶蚀型三类16种;岩性和岩相是影响储层的内在因素,风化淋滤和构造作用是外在因素;风化淋滤作用主要发生在风化壳、火山喷发旋回界面和喷发期次界面下,构造作用产生的大量裂缝,改善储层渗滤性能的同时还有效地增大了储集空间;断裂交汇处的风化壳和喷发旋回与期次界面处的火山角砾岩、凝灰岩、安山岩发育区是有利储层分布区。该研究为预测哈山地区石炭系火山岩有利储层分布提供依据,为勘探部署提供理论支撑。
As important exploration targets at the northwestern margin of the Junggar basin, Carboniferous volcanic rocks formed under the background of continental island arc and oceanic island arc. In order to study the development and controlling factors of volcanic reservoirs in the Hashan area, based on outcropping observation, through studying core, ordinary and cast thin sections, scanning electron microscope and other means, combined with FMI analysis, the petrological characteristics, reservoir characteristics and influencing factors of volcanic rocks were explored. It is believed that Carboniferous volcanic rocks are mainly composed of five lithological types, which can be classified into two classes, including lava-formed rocks, such as basalt and andesite, and pyroclastic rocks, such as volcanic breccia, tuff and sedimentary tuff. There are 16 types of reservoir space, which can be classified into three larger types that are corrosion-fracture type, fracture-corrosion type and corrosion type. Lithology and lithofacies are the internal factors affecting the reservoir, while weathering, leaching and tectonics are the external factors. Weathering and leaching mainly occur under the weathering crust, the interface of volcanic eruption cycles and the interface of eruption periods. Moreover, a large number of fractures are generated by tectonism, which can not only improve the percolation performance of reservoirs, but also effectively increase the storage space. The weathering crust at the convergence zone of faults and the development areas of volcanic breccia, tuff and andesite at the interfaces of eruptive cycles and periods are favorable reservoir areas. This study provides a basis for predicting the favorable reservoir distribution of carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Hashan area and a theoretical support for exploration and deployment.
As important exploration targets at the northwestern margin of the Junggar basin, Carboniferous volcanic rocks formed under the background of continental island arc and oceanic island arc. In order to study the development and controlling factors of volcanic reservoirs in the Hashan area, based on outcropping observation, through studying core, ordinary and cast thin sections, scanning electron microscope and other means, combined with FMI analysis, the petrological characteristics, reservoir characteristics and influencing factors of volcanic rocks were explored. It is believed that Carboniferous volcanic rocks are mainly composed of five lithological types, which can be classified into two classes, including lava-formed rocks, such as basalt and andesite, and pyroclastic rocks, such as volcanic breccia, tuff and sedimentary tuff. There are 16 types of reservoir space, which can be classified into three larger types that are corrosion-fracture type, fracture-corrosion type and corrosion type. Lithology and lithofacies are the internal factors affecting the reservoir, while weathering, leaching and tectonics are the external factors. Weathering and leaching mainly occur under the weathering crust, the interface of volcanic eruption cycles and the interface of eruption periods. Moreover, a large number of fractures are generated by tectonism, which can not only improve the percolation performance of reservoirs, but also effectively increase the storage space. The weathering crust at the convergence zone of faults and the development areas of volcanic breccia, tuff and andesite at the interfaces of eruptive cycles and periods are favorable reservoir areas. This study provides a basis for predicting the favorable reservoir distribution of carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Hashan area and a theoretical support for exploration and deployment.
引文
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[12] 毛哲, 曾联波, 秦龙卜, 等. 徐家围子断陷深层火石岭组致密火山岩储层地应力分布规律研究[J]. 地质力学学报, 2018, 24(3): 321～331.MAO Zhe, ZENG Lianbo, QIN Longbu, et al. Research on ground stress distribution rules of deep tight volcanic rock reservoirs in the Huoshiling Formation, Xujiaweizi Fault Depression[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2018, 24(3): 321～331. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 王剑, 靳军, 张宝真, 等. 克百断裂带内幕火山岩岩石学及岩相学特征[J]. 地质论评, 2017, 63(S1): 283～284.WANG Jian, JIN Jun, ZHANG Baozhen, et al. Petrology and petrography characteristics of the inner part reservoirs in of the carboniferous volcanic Ke Bai Fault Zone[J]. Geological Review, 2017, 63(S1): 283～284. (in Chinese)
[14] 孙玉凯, 罗权生, 何国貌. 三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩储集层特征及影响因素[J]. 大庆石油学院学报, 2009, 33(3): 36～42.SUN Yukai, LUO Quansheng, HE Guomao. Reservoir characteristics and impacting factors of Carboniferous volcanics in Malang sag, Santanghu basin[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2009, 33(3): 36～42. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 李军, 薛培华, 张爱卿, 等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘中段石炭系火山岩油藏储层特征及其控制因素[J]. 石油学报, 2008, 29(3): 329～335.LI Jun, XUE Peihua, ZHANG Aiqing, et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of Carboniferous volcanic reservoir in the middle section of the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2008, 29(3): 329～335. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 秦小双, 师永民, 吴文娟, 等. 准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩储层主控因素分析[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 48(1): 54～60.QIN Xiaoshuang, SHI Yongmin, WU Wenjuan, et al. Analysis of predominant factors of volcanic reservoirs in Carboniferous of Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2012, 48(1): 54～60. (in Chinese with English abstract)
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[18] 侯连华, 罗霞, 王京红, 等. 火山岩风化壳及油气地质意义——以新疆北部石炭系火山岩风化壳为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2013, 40(3): 257～265, 274.HOU Lianhua, LUO Xia, WANG Jinghong, et al. Weathered volcanic crust and its petroleum geologic significance: a case study of the Carboniferous volcanic crust in northern Xinjiang[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40(3): 257～265, 274. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 侯连华, 邹才能, 刘磊, 等. 新疆北部石炭系火山岩风化壳油气地质条件[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(4): 533～540.HOU Lianhua, ZOU Caineng, LIU Lei, et al. Geologic essential elements for hydrocarbon accumulation within Carboniferous volcanic weathered crusts in northern Xinjiang, China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(4): 533～540. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 王京红, 邹才能, 靳久强, 等. 火成岩储集层裂缝特征及成缝控制因素[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2011, 38(6): 708～715.WANG Jinghong, ZOU Caineng, JIN Jiuqiang, et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of fractures in igneous rock reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2011, 38(6): 708～715. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 吴志雄, 王惠, 汤智灵, 等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐—五八区石炭系—二叠系火山岩储层控制因素分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2011, 22(6): 1033～1039.WU Zhixiong, WANG Hui, TANG Zhiling, et al. Control factors of carboniferous-permian volcanic reservoir of Zhongguai Wubaqu in northwest margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2011, 22(6): 1033～1039. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 范存辉, 秦启荣, 支东明, 等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐凸起石炭系火山岩储层裂缝发育特征及主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2012, 23(1): 81～87.FAN Cunhui, QIN Qirong, ZHI Dongming, et al. Controlling factors and characteristic of Carboniferous volcanic reservoir fractures of Zhongguai uplift in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2012, 23(1): 81～87. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 张震, 徐国盛, 袁海锋, 等. 准噶尔盆地哈山地区石炭系火山岩储层特征及控制因素[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2013, 37(4): 39～46.ZHANG Zhen, XU Guosheng, YUAN Haifeng, et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of carboniferous volcanic reservoir in Hashan Area of Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2013, 37(4): 39～46. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 张关龙, 张奎华, 王圣柱, 等. 哈拉阿拉特山石炭系裂缝发育特征及成藏意义[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 36(3): 9～18.ZHANG Guanlong, ZHANG Kuihua, WANG Shengzhu, et al. Characteristics of the carboniferous volcanic fractures and its hydrocarbon accumulation significance in Hala’alate Mountains[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2014, 36(3): 9～18. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 张奎华, 林会喜, 张关龙, 等. 哈山构造带火山岩储层发育特征及控制因素[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 39(2): 16～22.ZHANG Kuihua, LIN Huixi, ZHANG Guanlong, et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of volcanic reservoirs of Hala’alate mountains tectonic belt[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2015, 39(2): 16～22. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 薛雁, 张奎华, 王艺豪, 等. 哈拉阿拉特山地区构造演化及其石油地质意义[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2015, 36(6): 687～692.XUE Yan, ZHANG Kuihua, WANG Yihao, et al. Techtonic evolution of Hala’alate Mountain Area and implications in petroleum geology[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2015, 36(6): 687～692. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 于洪洲. 准噶尔盆地西北缘哈拉阿拉特山前复杂构造带建模技术[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014, 25(S1): 91～97.YU Hongzhou. Complicated structure modeling in front-zone of Hala’alate Mountain of northwestern margin, Junggar Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2014, 25(S1): 91～97. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 史建杰, 陈宣华, 丁伟翠, 等. 中亚造山带西准噶尔晚古生代洋陆转换与构造演化——来自晚石炭世流纹岩的证据[J]. 地质力学学报, 2017, 23(1): 150～160.SHI Jianjie, CHEN Xuanhua, DING Weicui, et al. Late paleozoic ocean-continent transition in West Junggar, Central Asian orogenic belt: evidence From Late Carboniferous Rhyolites[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2017, 23(1): 150～160. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] 王大华, 肖永军, 徐佑德, 等. 松南长岭断陷查干花地区火山岩储层特征及影响因素[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2010, 17(6): 39～42.WANG Dahua, XIAO Yongjun, XU Youde, et al. Characteristics and influencing factors of deep volcanic reservoirs in southern Songliao Basin-case study of Chaganhua area, Changling depression[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2010, 17(6): 39～42. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 孙莹. 准南地区下二叠统火山岩-沉积岩互层叠置发育模式[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2018, 25(4): 28～32, 60.SUN Ying. Developmental patterns of interbedded volcanic and sedimentary rocks in the Lower Permian of Zhunnan area[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2018, 25(4): 28～32, 60. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 毛哲, 曾联波, 秦龙卜, 等. 徐家围子断陷深层火石岭组致密火山岩储层地应力分布规律研究[J]. 地质力学学报, 2018, 24(3): 321～331.MAO Zhe, ZENG Lianbo, QIN Longbu, et al. Research on ground stress distribution rules of deep tight volcanic rock reservoirs in the Huoshiling Formation, Xujiaweizi Fault Depression[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2018, 24(3): 321～331. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 王剑, 靳军, 张宝真, 等. 克百断裂带内幕火山岩岩石学及岩相学特征[J]. 地质论评, 2017, 63(S1): 283～284.WANG Jian, JIN Jun, ZHANG Baozhen, et al. Petrology and petrography characteristics of the inner part reservoirs in of the carboniferous volcanic Ke Bai Fault Zone[J]. Geological Review, 2017, 63(S1): 283～284. (in Chinese)
[14] 孙玉凯, 罗权生, 何国貌. 三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩储集层特征及影响因素[J]. 大庆石油学院学报, 2009, 33(3): 36～42.SUN Yukai, LUO Quansheng, HE Guomao. Reservoir characteristics and impacting factors of Carboniferous volcanics in Malang sag, Santanghu basin[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2009, 33(3): 36～42. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 李军, 薛培华, 张爱卿, 等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘中段石炭系火山岩油藏储层特征及其控制因素[J]. 石油学报, 2008, 29(3): 329～335.LI Jun, XUE Peihua, ZHANG Aiqing, et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of Carboniferous volcanic reservoir in the middle section of the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2008, 29(3): 329～335. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 秦小双, 师永民, 吴文娟, 等. 准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩储层主控因素分析[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 48(1): 54～60.QIN Xiaoshuang, SHI Yongmin, WU Wenjuan, et al. Analysis of predominant factors of volcanic reservoirs in Carboniferous of Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2012, 48(1): 54～60. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 姚卫江, 范存辉, 党玉芳, 等. 准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐凸起石炭系火山岩储层特征及主控因素[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2011, 33(9): 32～36.YAO Weijiang, FAN Cunhui, DANG Yufang, et al. Characteristics and main control factors of Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs of Zhongguai uplift in the northeastern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2011, 33(9): 32～36. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 侯连华, 罗霞, 王京红, 等. 火山岩风化壳及油气地质意义——以新疆北部石炭系火山岩风化壳为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2013, 40(3): 257～265, 274.HOU Lianhua, LUO Xia, WANG Jinghong, et al. Weathered volcanic crust and its petroleum geologic significance: a case study of the Carboniferous volcanic crust in northern Xinjiang[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40(3): 257～265, 274. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 侯连华, 邹才能, 刘磊, 等. 新疆北部石炭系火山岩风化壳油气地质条件[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(4): 533～540.HOU Lianhua, ZOU Caineng, LIU Lei, et al. Geologic essential elements for hydrocarbon accumulation within Carboniferous volcanic weathered crusts in northern Xinjiang, China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(4): 533～540. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 王京红, 邹才能, 靳久强, 等. 火成岩储集层裂缝特征及成缝控制因素[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2011, 38(6): 708～715.WANG Jinghong, ZOU Caineng, JIN Jiuqiang, et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of fractures in igneous rock reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2011, 38(6): 708～715. (in Chinese with English abstract)
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