纤维增强复合材料及其结构研究进展
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摘要
纤维增强复合材料因其轻质高强、可设计性和高耐久性在基础设施领域逐步得到关注与应用,通过结构体系创新,可部分替代钢和混凝土制造各类结构构件,满足建筑、桥梁、海洋等工程结构的强度、刚度及使用功能需求。国内外有关学者已进行了大量的研究和实践,基于相关成果从以下四个方面系统总结了国内外关于纤维增强复合材料结构的研究进展:1)组成材料及制造工艺方面,介绍了增强材料纤维、树脂基体和芯材的种类和性能,并阐述了几种典型制造工艺; 2)基本构件与结构应用方面,归纳总结了复合材料筋索、型材、管材、板材以及夹芯结构的受力特点及在土木工程中的主要应用;3)复合材料结构力学理论方面,详细介绍了其基本力学性能以及冲击、疲劳、蠕变、耐火等性能,并阐述了监测与设计方法;4)复合材料结构耐久性方面,总结了温度、湿度、紫外线照射、化学介质(酸、碱、盐等)的侵蚀以及多因素耦合作用对其耐久性的影响,并归纳了耐久性提升技术研究现状。通过对基础设施领域复合材料结构的发展现状、应用的局限性以及前景的系统综述,促进复合材料结构的研究与工程应用。
Due to the properties of light weight,high strength,flexibility of design and high durability,fiberreinforced polymer(FRP) composites have become valuable materials in the field of infrastructure.Through structural innovation,fiber-reinforced composites can partly replace steel and concrete in producing structural components in order to satisfy the strength,stiffness and functional requirements of buildings,bridges and marine engineering structures.Scholars have conducted a lot of research and practice.Based on the relevant results,the research progress of fiber-reinforced composite structures is systematically summarized from four aspects:1) in terms of constitute materials and manufacturing processes,the types and performance of reinforcing fiber,resin matrix and core material are introduced,and several typical manufacturing processes are described;2) basic components and structural applications,including the composite tendons,profiles,tubes,plates and sandwich structures,and their machanical characteristics and main applications in civil engineering are introduced;3) in terms of structural mechanics theory of composite materials,basic mechanical properties as well as impact,fatigue,creep properties and fire resistance are introduced in detail,and monitoring and design methods are also described;4) in terms of durability of composite materials,the effects of temperature,humidity,ultraviolet radiation,erosion of chemical media(acids,alkalis,salts,etc.),and the coupling of multi-factors on their durability are summarized,and the research status of durability improvement technologies is summarized.A systematic review of development status,limitations of application and prospects of the composite material structures in the infrastructure field is presented and the results can promote the research and engineering application of composite material structures.
Due to the properties of light weight,high strength,flexibility of design and high durability,fiberreinforced polymer(FRP) composites have become valuable materials in the field of infrastructure.Through structural innovation,fiber-reinforced composites can partly replace steel and concrete in producing structural components in order to satisfy the strength,stiffness and functional requirements of buildings,bridges and marine engineering structures.Scholars have conducted a lot of research and practice.Based on the relevant results,the research progress of fiber-reinforced composite structures is systematically summarized from four aspects:1) in terms of constitute materials and manufacturing processes,the types and performance of reinforcing fiber,resin matrix and core material are introduced,and several typical manufacturing processes are described;2) basic components and structural applications,including the composite tendons,profiles,tubes,plates and sandwich structures,and their machanical characteristics and main applications in civil engineering are introduced;3) in terms of structural mechanics theory of composite materials,basic mechanical properties as well as impact,fatigue,creep properties and fire resistance are introduced in detail,and monitoring and design methods are also described;4) in terms of durability of composite materials,the effects of temperature,humidity,ultraviolet radiation,erosion of chemical media(acids,alkalis,salts,etc.),and the coupling of multi-factors on their durability are summarized,and the research status of durability improvement technologies is summarized.A systematic review of development status,limitations of application and prospects of the composite material structures in the infrastructure field is presented and the results can promote the research and engineering application of composite material structures.
引文
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