装配式建筑施工安全事故预防SD-MOP模型
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摘要
为有效预防装配式建筑施工安全事故,解决安全、进度、成本等多目标的动态均衡优化难题,以装配式建筑工程施工安全为研究对象,深入分析引发施工安全事故的因素及其相互作用机制,运用系统动力学(SD)方法构建装配式建筑施工安全事故应对的因果关系图;运用敏感性分析及多目标规划(MOP)方法联合构建SD-MOP模型,分析应对事故的安全投入关键要素并构建及评价其资源投入优化配置方案。选取样本项目进行实证分析,结果表明:提升构件吊装技术水平是装配式建筑施工安全管理的重点;加大构件出厂前安全检查力度,增强构件安全状态识别技术性能,合理规划构件专用运输车使用频率是实现项目安全、进度、成本多目标均衡的有效途径。
In order to effectively prevent prefabricated construction safety accidents and solve the problem of multi-objective dynamic equilibrium optimization about safety,schedule and cost,the SD method was used to establish a prefabricated construction safety accident response causal relation diagram across prefabricated building construction based on the depth analysis of factors causing construction safety accidents and interaction mechanism between them. The sensitivity analysis and MOP methods were applied to build an SD-MOP integrated model to explore the key accident response safety input factors and establish and analyze their optimal resource input allocation schemes. A sample project was used to carry out the empirical analysis. The result shows that the most effective way to achieve a multi-objective equilibrium between safety,schedule and cost is to improve level of component lifting technology,and then to strengthen intensity of component inspection before leaving factory,enhance the performance of component safety identification technology and rationally plan frequency of using the component special transport vehicles.
In order to effectively prevent prefabricated construction safety accidents and solve the problem of multi-objective dynamic equilibrium optimization about safety,schedule and cost,the SD method was used to establish a prefabricated construction safety accident response causal relation diagram across prefabricated building construction based on the depth analysis of factors causing construction safety accidents and interaction mechanism between them. The sensitivity analysis and MOP methods were applied to build an SD-MOP integrated model to explore the key accident response safety input factors and establish and analyze their optimal resource input allocation schemes. A sample project was used to carry out the empirical analysis. The result shows that the most effective way to achieve a multi-objective equilibrium between safety,schedule and cost is to improve level of component lifting technology,and then to strengthen intensity of component inspection before leaving factory,enhance the performance of component safety identification technology and rationally plan frequency of using the component special transport vehicles.
引文
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[15] 王其藩. 系统动力学[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009: 240-245.
[2] 中华人民共和国国务院办公厅. 国务院办公厅关于大力发展装配式建筑的指导意见[Z].2016- 09-27.
[3] GUO H L,LI H,LI Vera. VP-based safety management in large-scale construction projects:a conceptual framework[J]. Automation in Construction,2013,34(9): 16-24.
[4] LEE H S,KIM H,PARK M,et al. Construction risk assessment using site influence factors[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2012,26(3): 319-330.
[5] 陈伟,付杰,熊付刚,等. 装配式建筑工程施工安全灰色聚类测评模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(11): 70-75.CHEN Wei,FU Jie,XIONG Fugang,et al. Grey clustering evaluation model for construction safety of fabricated building project[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(11): 70-75.
[6] 杨爽. 装配式建筑施工安全评价体系研究[D]. 沈阳:沈阳建筑大学,2015.YANG Shuang. Safety evaluation system of prefabricated construction[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Jianzhu University,2015.
[7] WROBLEWSKI R,GIERCZAK J,SMARDZ P. Fire and collapse modelling of a precast concrete hall[J]. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering,2016,12(6): 714-729.
[8] 李存斌,陆龚曙. 工程项目风险元传递的系统动力学模型[J]. 系统工程理论与实践,2012,32(12): 2 731-2 739.LI Cunbin,LU Gongshu. System dynamics model of construction project risk element transmission [J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice,2012,32(12): 2 731-2 739.
[9] BENDOLY E. System dynamics understanding in projects:information sharing,psychological safety,and performance effects[J]. Production and Operation Management,2014,23(8): 1 352-1 369.
[10] 孟祥飞,王瑛. 基于灰色关联度的多目标规划解法[J]. 数学的实践与认识,2014,44(8): 190-196.MENG Xiangfei,WANG Ying. A new method of multi-optimization problems based on degree of grey incidence[J]. Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2014,44(8): 190-196.
[11] YI W,WANG S A. Multi-objective mathematical programming approach to construction laborer assignment with equity consideration[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2016,31(12): 954-965.
[12] 傅鸿源,陈煜红. 基于灰色关联度的多目标规划解法城市建设用地利用结构优化SD-MOP 整合模型研究[J]. 土木工程学报,2011,44(4): 129-135.FU Hongyuan,CHEN Yuhong. Investigation on urban construction land use with a new structure optimization model—SD-MOP integrated model [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(4): 129-135.
[13] 邹锐,郭怀成,刘磊. 基于目标偏离容忍水平的多目标交互式决策方法[J]. 系统工程学报,1998,13(3): 41-47.ZOU Rui,GUO Huaicheng,LIU Lei. A new method based on the objective deviation tolerance level for multi-objective decision making[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering,1998,13(3): 41-47.
[14] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 建筑工程安全防护、文明施工措施费用及使用管理规定[L].2005- 06-07.
[15] 王其藩. 系统动力学[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2009: 240-245.
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