太阳能热水相变炕体蓄放热性能及影响因素
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摘要
提出一种太阳能热水相变蓄热炕的新型供暖系统,系统无须设置水箱,仅使用炕板与相变材料作为蓄热装置,可有效提高供暖效率。基于Fluent数值模拟平台,建立相变炕的二维非稳态传热模型,研究相变炕的蓄放热性能,并与混凝土炕的热性能进行对比;还分析了相变材料的相变温度和潜热对相变炕蓄放热性能的影响。结果表明,在设定工况下,与混凝土炕相比,上炕面的日间与夜间稳定温度分别提高2℃和4℃,上炕面最大温差由3.7℃降至0.8℃,全天得热量提高了66.36%。因此,相变炕具有上炕面温度较高、温度分布均匀、得热量大以及保温性能好等优点;提高相变温度,炕体得热量会有所减少,但对提升上炕面温度作用显著;增大相变潜热,可以显著提高炕体得热量,但对提升上炕面温度作用不明显。
The system combining the solar water and phase change heat storage Kang is put forward. Instead of water tank, Kang plate and phase change material are used as heat storage devices to availably improve the heating efficiency in this system. Based on Fluent, two-dimensional unsteady heat transfer model of the Kang is established.The heat storage and release characteristics of phase change Kang is studied and compared with the thermal properties of concrete material Kang. The effects of phase change temperature and latent heat of phase change materials on the heat storage and release characteristic of Kang are also analyzed. Under the working condition of this article, the stable temperatures of the upper surface of Kang of day and night increase by 2℃ and 4℃,respectively. The largest surface temperature difference of Kang decreases from 3.7℃ to 0.8℃. The heat increased by 66.36%. The phase change heat storage Kang has the advantages of high temperature of the upper surface of Kang, uniform temperature distribution, good heat-insulation property and large heat storage capacity. Results show that the temperature of the upper surface of Kang at night increase significantly, with the increase of phase change temperature, but the heat gain of Kang is reduced. Increasing the latent heat has little effect on the temperature of the upper surface of Kang, while significant effect on the heat gain of the Kang.
The system combining the solar water and phase change heat storage Kang is put forward. Instead of water tank, Kang plate and phase change material are used as heat storage devices to availably improve the heating efficiency in this system. Based on Fluent, two-dimensional unsteady heat transfer model of the Kang is established.The heat storage and release characteristics of phase change Kang is studied and compared with the thermal properties of concrete material Kang. The effects of phase change temperature and latent heat of phase change materials on the heat storage and release characteristic of Kang are also analyzed. Under the working condition of this article, the stable temperatures of the upper surface of Kang of day and night increase by 2℃ and 4℃,respectively. The largest surface temperature difference of Kang decreases from 3.7℃ to 0.8℃. The heat increased by 66.36%. The phase change heat storage Kang has the advantages of high temperature of the upper surface of Kang, uniform temperature distribution, good heat-insulation property and large heat storage capacity. Results show that the temperature of the upper surface of Kang at night increase significantly, with the increase of phase change temperature, but the heat gain of Kang is reduced. Increasing the latent heat has little effect on the temperature of the upper surface of Kang, while significant effect on the heat gain of the Kang.
引文
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[12]李刚,李小龙,李世鹏,等.太阳能辅助火炕供暖系统热工性能[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2014,30(2):305-311.Li G,Li X L,Li S P,et al.Experimental study on solar added Kang heating system[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science),2014,30(2):305-311.
[13]张玲.寒冷地区农居太阳能炕采暖系统设计研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2010.Zhang L.Design research of solar Kang heating system used in rural residences in cold area[D].Jinan:Shangdong Jianzhu University,2010.
[14]He W,Jiang Q Y,Ji J,et al.A study on thermal performance,thermal comfort in sleeping environment and solar energy contribution of solar Chinese Kang[J].Energy and Buildings,2013,58(2):66-75.
[15]江清阳.与新型百叶集热墙结合的复合太阳能炕系统实验和理论研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2012.Jiang Q Y.Experimental and numerical study on solar Chinese Kang system combined with novel collector-trombe wall[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2012.
[16]李刚,池兰,冯国会,等.相变蓄能火炕热舒适性的试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(11):244-249.Li G,Chi L,Feng G H,et al.Experiment on thermal comfort performance of phase-change energy storage Kang[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(11):244-249.
[17]徐洪波,焦庆余,徐国堂.高效预制组装架空火炕的研究[J].农业工程学报,1991,27(3):81-86.Xu H B,Jiao Q Y,Xu G T.The research of the high efficiency prefabricated and combined-suspend heatable brick bed[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,1991,27(3):81-86.
[18]冯革宇,刘博智.用数值模拟方法优化设计吊炕研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2009,28(5):53-57.Feng G Y,Liu B Z.Optimization design of suspended Kang based on numerical simulation[J].Building Energy&Environment,2009,28(5):53-57.
[19]牛叔文,钱玉杰,胡莉莉,等.甘肃庄浪县农户吊炕的热效率模拟分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):193-201.Niu S W,Qian Y J,Hu L L,et al.Model analysis on thermal efficiency of suspended Kang of rural households in Zhuanglang county,Gansu province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(6):193-201.
[20]Macfarlane W V.Thermal comfort zones[J].Architectural Science Review,1958,1(1):1-14.
[21]Chrenko R A.Indoor climate:effects on human comfort,performance and health:P.O.Fanger and O.Valbjorn,eds,Danish Building Research Institute,Copenhagen(1979)895 pp[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,1980,3(3):173-174.
[22]Choi J W.Bed climate of Korean using ondol heating system[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,1993,18(5):399-403.
[23]李净,刘艳峰,宋聪,等.西北民居冬季睡眠被褥微气候研究[J].建筑科学,2016,32(2):65-69.Li J,Liu Y F,Song C,et al.Winter bedding microclimate in rural houses in northwest China[J].Building Science,2016,32(2):65-69.
[24]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.农村火炕系统通用技术规程:JGJ/T 358-2015[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China.Technical specification for rural Kang system:JGJ/T 358-2015[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2015.
[25]张群力,高岩,狄洪发.低温热水型相变蓄能地板采暖房间动态热性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(4):943-949.Zhang Q L,Gao Y,Di H F.Research on the dynamic performance of room with low temperature hot water floor heating system thermal energy storage[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(4):943-949.
[26]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量检验检疫总局.农村居住建筑节能设计标准:GB/T 50824-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.Design standard for energy efficiency of rural residential buildings:GB/T 50824-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.
[27]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].2版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:496.Lu Y Q.Design Manual of Practical Heating and Air Conditioning[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008:496.
[28]刘艳峰.地板供暖设计与运行基础理论研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.Liu Y F.Study on basic theory of designing and running control of imbed pipe heating[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2004.
[29]Wang S K.Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration[M].2nd ed.The United States of America:McGraw-Hill Companies,2000:68-72.
[30]杨颖,张盼.建筑用新型复合相变材料储能过程的热性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2015,43(1):120-122.Yang Y,Zhang P.Thermal performance study on energy storage of new composite phase materials used in building envelope[J].New Chemical Materials,2015,43(1):120-122.
[2]Zhuang Z,Li Y G,Chen B,et al.Chinese Kang as a domestic heating system in rural northern China-a review[J].Energy and Buildings,2009,41(1):111-119.
[3]Qian H,Li Y G,Zhang X S,et al.Surface temperature distribution of Chinese Kangs[J].International Journal of Green Energy,2010,7(3):347-360.
[4]高翔翔,胡冗冗,刘加平,等.北方炕民居冬季室内热环境研究[J].建筑科学,2010,26(2):37-40.Gao X X,Hu R R,Liu J P,et al.Research on winter indoor thermal environment of courtyard house with Chinese Kang in north China[J].Build Science,2010,26(2):37-40.
[5]刘满,夏晓东.辽宁省农村住宅的采暖方式与能耗研究[J].建筑节能,2007,35(7):56-59.Liu M,Xia X D.Research on heating methods and energy consumption of rural houses in Liaoning province[J].Energy Consumption,2007,35(7):56-59.
[6]张寅平,胡汉平,孔祥冬,等.相变贮能——理论和应用[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996:1-5.Zhang Y P,Hu H P,Kong X D,et al.Latent Heat StorageTheory and Application[M].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,1996:1-5.
[7]袁艳平,向波,曹晓玲,等.建筑相变储能技术研究现状与发展[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(3):585-598.Yuan Y P,Xiang B,Cao X L,et al.Research status and development on latent energy storage technology of building[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(3):585-598.
[8]Yang M,Yang X D,Wang P S,et al.A new Chinese solar Kang and its dynamic heat transfer model[J].Energy and Buildings,2013,62(3):539-549.
[9]Yang M,Yang X D,Wang Z F,et al.Thermal analysis of a new solar Kang system[J].Energy and Buildings,2014,75(2):531-537.
[10]王崇杰,管振忠,张蓓,等.传统火炕的生态技术改造——太阳炕系统[C]//中国建筑学会技术分会,东南大学建筑分会.绿色建筑与建筑技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006:566-569.Wang C J,Guan Z Z,Zhang B,et al.Ecological and technological reform of traditional fire Kang-solar Kang system[C]//Technical Branch of China Architectural Society,Architectural Branch of Southeast University.Green Building and Building Technology.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2006:566-569.
[11]冯国会,王茜,李刚,等.太阳能炕采暖系统的试验研究[J].可再生能源,2013,31(3):11-13.Feng G H,Wang Q,Li G,et al.Experimental study on solar Kang heating system[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2013,31(3):11-13.
[12]李刚,李小龙,李世鹏,等.太阳能辅助火炕供暖系统热工性能[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2014,30(2):305-311.Li G,Li X L,Li S P,et al.Experimental study on solar added Kang heating system[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science),2014,30(2):305-311.
[13]张玲.寒冷地区农居太阳能炕采暖系统设计研究[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2010.Zhang L.Design research of solar Kang heating system used in rural residences in cold area[D].Jinan:Shangdong Jianzhu University,2010.
[14]He W,Jiang Q Y,Ji J,et al.A study on thermal performance,thermal comfort in sleeping environment and solar energy contribution of solar Chinese Kang[J].Energy and Buildings,2013,58(2):66-75.
[15]江清阳.与新型百叶集热墙结合的复合太阳能炕系统实验和理论研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2012.Jiang Q Y.Experimental and numerical study on solar Chinese Kang system combined with novel collector-trombe wall[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2012.
[16]李刚,池兰,冯国会,等.相变蓄能火炕热舒适性的试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(11):244-249.Li G,Chi L,Feng G H,et al.Experiment on thermal comfort performance of phase-change energy storage Kang[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(11):244-249.
[17]徐洪波,焦庆余,徐国堂.高效预制组装架空火炕的研究[J].农业工程学报,1991,27(3):81-86.Xu H B,Jiao Q Y,Xu G T.The research of the high efficiency prefabricated and combined-suspend heatable brick bed[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,1991,27(3):81-86.
[18]冯革宇,刘博智.用数值模拟方法优化设计吊炕研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2009,28(5):53-57.Feng G Y,Liu B Z.Optimization design of suspended Kang based on numerical simulation[J].Building Energy&Environment,2009,28(5):53-57.
[19]牛叔文,钱玉杰,胡莉莉,等.甘肃庄浪县农户吊炕的热效率模拟分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):193-201.Niu S W,Qian Y J,Hu L L,et al.Model analysis on thermal efficiency of suspended Kang of rural households in Zhuanglang county,Gansu province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(6):193-201.
[20]Macfarlane W V.Thermal comfort zones[J].Architectural Science Review,1958,1(1):1-14.
[21]Chrenko R A.Indoor climate:effects on human comfort,performance and health:P.O.Fanger and O.Valbjorn,eds,Danish Building Research Institute,Copenhagen(1979)895 pp[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,1980,3(3):173-174.
[22]Choi J W.Bed climate of Korean using ondol heating system[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,1993,18(5):399-403.
[23]李净,刘艳峰,宋聪,等.西北民居冬季睡眠被褥微气候研究[J].建筑科学,2016,32(2):65-69.Li J,Liu Y F,Song C,et al.Winter bedding microclimate in rural houses in northwest China[J].Building Science,2016,32(2):65-69.
[24]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.农村火炕系统通用技术规程:JGJ/T 358-2015[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China.Technical specification for rural Kang system:JGJ/T 358-2015[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2015.
[25]张群力,高岩,狄洪发.低温热水型相变蓄能地板采暖房间动态热性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(4):943-949.Zhang Q L,Gao Y,Di H F.Research on the dynamic performance of room with low temperature hot water floor heating system thermal energy storage[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(4):943-949.
[26]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量检验检疫总局.农村居住建筑节能设计标准:GB/T 50824-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.Design standard for energy efficiency of rural residential buildings:GB/T 50824-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.
[27]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].2版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:496.Lu Y Q.Design Manual of Practical Heating and Air Conditioning[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008:496.
[28]刘艳峰.地板供暖设计与运行基础理论研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.Liu Y F.Study on basic theory of designing and running control of imbed pipe heating[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2004.
[29]Wang S K.Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration[M].2nd ed.The United States of America:McGraw-Hill Companies,2000:68-72.
[30]杨颖,张盼.建筑用新型复合相变材料储能过程的热性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2015,43(1):120-122.Yang Y,Zhang P.Thermal performance study on energy storage of new composite phase materials used in building envelope[J].New Chemical Materials,2015,43(1):120-122.
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