覆岩破坏充分采动程度定义及判别方法
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摘要
随着煤层开采深度的逐年增加,非充分采动工作面越来越多。导水裂缝带高度是实现保水开采的关键参数,但非充分采动工作面开采条件下导水裂缝带高度小于充分采动工作面。为进一步研究其原因,采用理论分析、相似模拟、数值模拟等方法研究了导水裂缝带高度影响因素的敏感性及其与工作面尺寸的关系,提出了覆岩破坏充分采动程度的定义及判别方法。结果表明:工作面尺寸对导水裂缝带高度的影响仅次于开采厚度。当工作面尺寸较小时,覆岩破坏不发育;当工作面尺寸增加到一定值时,覆岩破坏仅形成垮落带;当工作面尺寸继续增加时,覆岩破坏形成裂缝带且导水裂缝带高度随着工作面尺寸的增加而增加;当导水裂缝带高度发育至最大值后,导水裂缝带高度不再随工作面尺寸的增加而增加。覆岩破坏过程中仅形成垮落带的阶段定义为覆岩破坏的极不充分采动(即覆岩极不充分破坏);覆岩破坏过程中形成裂缝带且导水裂缝带高度随工作面尺寸增加而增加的阶段定义为覆岩破坏的非充分采动(即覆岩非充分破坏);导水裂缝带高度达到最大值且不再随工作面尺寸增加而增加的阶段定义为覆岩破坏的充分采动(即覆岩充分破坏)。导水裂缝带高度刚达到最大值时的工作面尺寸为工作面临界尺寸。当工作面尺寸小于工作面临界尺寸时,覆岩破坏为非充分采动;当工作面尺寸大于工作面临界尺寸时,覆岩破坏为充分采动。覆岩破坏充分采动程度的主要影响因素有工作面尺寸、开采厚度、开采深度、覆岩力学性质、覆岩结构特征和覆岩破断角。
With the increase of mining depth of coal seam year by year,more and more subcritical working faces are coming into being.The height of water flowing fractured zone is a key parameter to realize water-preserved mining,but the heights of water flowing fractured zone in subcritical working faces are lower than those in critical working faces.In order to further study its causes,the sensitivity of influencing factors of height of water flowing fractured zone and the relationship between the height of water flowing fractured zone and size of working face were studied by means of theoretical analysis,similar simulation and numerical simulation.The definition and distinguishing method of critical mining degree of overburden failure were proposed.The results show that the influence of size of working face on the height of water flowing fractured zone is next only to mining thickness.When the size of working face is small enough,the overburden failure does not develop.When the size of working face increases to a certain value,the overburden failure only forms caved zone.When the size of working face continues to increase,the overburden failure forms fractured zone and the height of water flowing fractured zone increases with the increase of size of working face.When the height of water flowing fractured zone develops to the maximum value,the height of water flowing fractured zone will not continue to increase with the increase of size of working face.The stage in which only caved zone formed in overburden failure process was defined as super-subcritical mining of overburden failure.The stage in which the fractured zone formed and the height of water flowing fractured zone increases with the increase of size of working face was defined as subcritical mining of overburden failure.The stage in which the height of water flowing fractured zone reaches the maximum value and no longer increases with the increase of size of working face was defined as critical mining of overburden failure.The size of working face was defined as the critical size of working face when the height of water flowing fractured zone reaches the maximum value for the first time.When the size of working face is smaller than the critical size of working face,the mining degree of overburden failure is subcritical.When the size of working face is larger than the critical size of working face,the mining degree of overburden failure is critical.The main influencing factors on the critical mining degree of overburden failure are the size of working face,mining thickness,mining depth,overburden mechanical properties,overburden structural characteristics and overburden breaking angle.
With the increase of mining depth of coal seam year by year,more and more subcritical working faces are coming into being.The height of water flowing fractured zone is a key parameter to realize water-preserved mining,but the heights of water flowing fractured zone in subcritical working faces are lower than those in critical working faces.In order to further study its causes,the sensitivity of influencing factors of height of water flowing fractured zone and the relationship between the height of water flowing fractured zone and size of working face were studied by means of theoretical analysis,similar simulation and numerical simulation.The definition and distinguishing method of critical mining degree of overburden failure were proposed.The results show that the influence of size of working face on the height of water flowing fractured zone is next only to mining thickness.When the size of working face is small enough,the overburden failure does not develop.When the size of working face increases to a certain value,the overburden failure only forms caved zone.When the size of working face continues to increase,the overburden failure forms fractured zone and the height of water flowing fractured zone increases with the increase of size of working face.When the height of water flowing fractured zone develops to the maximum value,the height of water flowing fractured zone will not continue to increase with the increase of size of working face.The stage in which only caved zone formed in overburden failure process was defined as super-subcritical mining of overburden failure.The stage in which the fractured zone formed and the height of water flowing fractured zone increases with the increase of size of working face was defined as subcritical mining of overburden failure.The stage in which the height of water flowing fractured zone reaches the maximum value and no longer increases with the increase of size of working face was defined as critical mining of overburden failure.The size of working face was defined as the critical size of working face when the height of water flowing fractured zone reaches the maximum value for the first time.When the size of working face is smaller than the critical size of working face,the mining degree of overburden failure is subcritical.When the size of working face is larger than the critical size of working face,the mining degree of overburden failure is critical.The main influencing factors on the critical mining degree of overburden failure are the size of working face,mining thickness,mining depth,overburden mechanical properties,overburden structural characteristics and overburden breaking angle.
引文
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[4]FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
[5]黄庆享.浅埋煤层保水开采岩层控制研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):50-55.HUANG Qingxiang.Research on roof control of water conservation mining in shallow seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):50-55.
[6]张东升,李文平,来兴平,等.我国西北煤炭开采中的水资源保护基础理论研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):36-43.ZHANG Dongsheng,LI Wenping,LAI Xingping,et al.Development on basic theory of water protection during coal mining in northwest of China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):36-43.
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[13]李振华,许延春,李龙飞,等.基于BP神经网络的导水裂隙带高度预测[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(6):905-910.LI Zhenhua,XU Yanchun,LI Longfei,et al.Forecast of the height of water flowing fractured zone based on BP neural networks[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(6):905-910.
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