国内外建筑施工扬尘排放因子测试方法概述
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摘要
大气颗粒物来源解析技术包括源清单法、源模型法、受体模型法及组合方法,源模式法解析结果受源清单影响较大,导致源模型法和受体模型法的结果存在较大差异,尤其是建筑施工扬尘的贡献存在较大争议。对比分析了国内外建筑施工扬尘排放因子测试方法,结果发现:1)国内外现场测试建筑施工扬尘排放因子的方法较多,但不同测试方法比较的案例较少; 2)国内外建筑施工扬尘排放因子差异较大,缺乏造成差异原因的深入分析; 3)建议在某一典型建筑工地开展施工扬尘排放因子测试方法对比研究,确定最佳的测试方法,并在不同地区、不同季节和不同施工阶段开展排放因子研究,为编制建筑施工扬尘排放清单提供技术支撑。
Source apportionment techniques of atmospheric particles include source emission inventory method,source model method,receptor model method and combination method. The analysis results of source model method are greatly affected by the source inventory,resulting in large differences between the source model method and the receptor model method,especially the contribution of fugitive construction dust which is highly controversial. This paper reviewed the research methods and progress of emission factors of construction fugitive dust in the world,and the results showed that: 1) There were many methods for field testing the emission factors of fugitive construction,but fewer cases comparing differences among them; 2) The dust emission factors of construction were quite different,and there was a lack of in-depth analysis of the causes of the differences; 3) It was recommended that the research on comparison of test methods of construction fugitive dust be carried out in a typical construction site to determine the best one,and the research on emission factors be carried out in different areas,seasons and construction stages to provide comprehensive technical support for compiling the construction fugitive dust emission inventory.
Source apportionment techniques of atmospheric particles include source emission inventory method,source model method,receptor model method and combination method. The analysis results of source model method are greatly affected by the source inventory,resulting in large differences between the source model method and the receptor model method,especially the contribution of fugitive construction dust which is highly controversial. This paper reviewed the research methods and progress of emission factors of construction fugitive dust in the world,and the results showed that: 1) There were many methods for field testing the emission factors of fugitive construction,but fewer cases comparing differences among them; 2) The dust emission factors of construction were quite different,and there was a lack of in-depth analysis of the causes of the differences; 3) It was recommended that the research on comparison of test methods of construction fugitive dust be carried out in a typical construction site to determine the best one,and the research on emission factors be carried out in different areas,seasons and construction stages to provide comprehensive technical support for compiling the construction fugitive dust emission inventory.
引文
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[2]胡敏,唐倩,彭剑飞,等.我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2011,36(5):15-19.
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[12] Yuen W. Fugitive particulate matter emissions to the atmosphere from tracked and wheeled vehicles in a desert region by hybridoptical remote sensing[J]. Aerosol&Air Quality Research,2015,15(4):1613-1626.
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[16]王社扣,王体健,石睿,等.南京市不同类型扬尘源排放清单估计[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(3):351-359.
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[20] CARB. Evaluation of air quality performance claims for soil-sement dust suppressant[R]. Colifornia:Midwest Research Institute,2002.
[21] Muleski G E. Improvement of specific emission factors(BACM Project No. 1)[R]. Final Report,Midwest Research Institute,1996,3.
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[23] MRI. Estimating particulate matter emissions from construction operations[R]. Kansas City,Missouri,1999,9.
[24] Venkatram A. On estimating emissions through horizontal fluxes[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(9):1337-1344.
[25] Veranth J M,Pardyjak E R,Seshadri G. Vehicle-generated fugitive dust transport:analytic models and field study[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(16):2295-2303.
[26] Du K,Rood M J,Welton E J,et al. Optical remote sensing to quantify fugitive particulate mass emissions from stationary shortterm and mobile continuous sources:part I. Method and examples[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2011,45(2):658-665.
[27]石鹏,杜可,穆超,等.垂直扫描激光雷达观测建筑场地无组织扬尘方法[J].光学学报,2013,33(3):32-38.
[28]黄玉虎,蔡煜,毛华云,等.呼和浩特市施工扬尘排放因子和粒径分布[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(2):230-235.
[29] Environmental Protection Agency. User’s guide for the AMS/EPA regulatory model-AERMOD[R]. Publication No. EPA-454/B-03-001. USEPA,Research Triangle Park,NC 27711,September 2004.
[30]王海超,焦文玲,邹平华. AERMOD大气扩散模型研究综述[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(11):115-119.
[31]林政刚.营建工地逸散性粒状物排放量影响因素之研究[C]//海峡两岸环境保护学术研讨会. 2001.
[32]繆敦耀.逸散性扬尘之排放系数与控制效率量测研究[D].新竹:国立交通大学,1999.
[33] Petracchini F,Sinesi M,Allegrini I,et al. Evaluation of fugitive dust from construction sites in the city of shanghai[J]. Hrvatski MeteorolokiCasopis,2008,43:129-134.
[34]杨杨.珠三角地区建筑施工扬尘排放特征及防治措施研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.
[2]胡敏,唐倩,彭剑飞,等.我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2011,36(5):15-19.
[3]北京市环境保护局.北京发布颗粒物(PM2. 5)源解析结果[EB/OL]. http://www. bjepb. gov. cn/bjhrb/xxgk/jgzn/jgsz/jjgjgszjzz/xcjyc/xwfb/832588/index.html.
[4]天津市环境保护局.天津发布颗粒物源解析结果[EB/OL].http://www.tjhb. gov. cn/news/news_headtitle/201410/t20141009_570.html.
[5]中国环境监测总站.石家庄市大气污染源解析结果[EB/OL].http://www. cnemc. cn/publish/total WebSite/news/news_42659.html.
[6]芮冬梅,陈建江,冯银厂.南京市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)来源解析研究[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(4):56-58,61.
[7]张学敏.厦门市大气可吸入颗粒物源解析的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(11):51-54,69,118.
[8]崔明明,王雪松,苏杭,等.广州地区大气可吸入颗粒物的化学特征及来源解析[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(3):459-466.
[9] Muleski G E,Cowherd C J,Kinsey J S. Particulate emission from construction activities[J]. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association,2005,55:772-787.
[10] Cowherd J C,Axetell K J,Guenther C M,et al. Development of emission factors for fugitive dust sources, EPA-450/3-74-037[M]. North Carolina:Research Triangle Park,1974.
[11] Ketchman K,Bilec M. Quantification of particulate matter from commercial building excavation activities using life-cycle approach[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering&Management,2013,139(12):A4013007.
[12] Yuen W. Fugitive particulate matter emissions to the atmosphere from tracked and wheeled vehicles in a desert region by hybridoptical remote sensing[J]. Aerosol&Air Quality Research,2015,15(4):1613-1626.
[13] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors, AP-42 5thEdition[M]. North Carolina:Research Triangle Park,1995.
[14]田刚,黄玉虎,李钢.四维通量法施工扬尘排放模型的建立与应用[J].环境科学,2009,30(4):1003-1007.
[15] Zhao P,Feng Y,Zhu T,et al. Modeling and impact study of fugitive dust emissions from building construction sites in Tianjin,China[C]//international symposium on ambient air particulate matter:techniques and policies for pollution prevention and control. 2007.
[16]王社扣,王体健,石睿,等.南京市不同类型扬尘源排放清单估计[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(3):351-359.
[17] USEPA. Chapter 13. 2. 3 Heavy construction operations. AP-42,compilation of air pollutant emission factors,5th edition,volume I[R]. Washington DC:US EPA,1995.
[18] USEPA. Compilation of air pollutant emission factors. AP-42,fifth edition[R]. Washington DC:US EPA,1995.
[19] USEPA. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,AP-42,Fifth Edition[Z]. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,Research Triangle Park,NC 1995.
[20] CARB. Evaluation of air quality performance claims for soil-sement dust suppressant[R]. Colifornia:Midwest Research Institute,2002.
[21] Muleski G E. Improvement of specific emission factors(BACM Project No. 1)[R]. Final Report,Midwest Research Institute,1996,3.
[22] PEDCo Environmental Specialists. Investigation of fugitive dust sources-emissions and control[R]. Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency,OAQPS,contract No. 68-02-0044,1973,5.
[23] MRI. Estimating particulate matter emissions from construction operations[R]. Kansas City,Missouri,1999,9.
[24] Venkatram A. On estimating emissions through horizontal fluxes[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(9):1337-1344.
[25] Veranth J M,Pardyjak E R,Seshadri G. Vehicle-generated fugitive dust transport:analytic models and field study[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(16):2295-2303.
[26] Du K,Rood M J,Welton E J,et al. Optical remote sensing to quantify fugitive particulate mass emissions from stationary shortterm and mobile continuous sources:part I. Method and examples[J]. Environ Sci Technol,2011,45(2):658-665.
[27]石鹏,杜可,穆超,等.垂直扫描激光雷达观测建筑场地无组织扬尘方法[J].光学学报,2013,33(3):32-38.
[28]黄玉虎,蔡煜,毛华云,等.呼和浩特市施工扬尘排放因子和粒径分布[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(2):230-235.
[29] Environmental Protection Agency. User’s guide for the AMS/EPA regulatory model-AERMOD[R]. Publication No. EPA-454/B-03-001. USEPA,Research Triangle Park,NC 27711,September 2004.
[30]王海超,焦文玲,邹平华. AERMOD大气扩散模型研究综述[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(11):115-119.
[31]林政刚.营建工地逸散性粒状物排放量影响因素之研究[C]//海峡两岸环境保护学术研讨会. 2001.
[32]繆敦耀.逸散性扬尘之排放系数与控制效率量测研究[D].新竹:国立交通大学,1999.
[33] Petracchini F,Sinesi M,Allegrini I,et al. Evaluation of fugitive dust from construction sites in the city of shanghai[J]. Hrvatski MeteorolokiCasopis,2008,43:129-134.
[34]杨杨.珠三角地区建筑施工扬尘排放特征及防治措施研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.
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