广东省西伶通道内河航道底泥重金属污染状况与生态风险评价
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摘要
利用珠江航道的西伶通道内河航道河流5个断面的底泥监测数据,运用内梅罗综合指数法、变异系数法、地累积指数法及潜在生态危害指数法分析评价了底泥的重金属污染状况。结果表明:Cr达到轻度污染;Cu的变异程度较大,Cr和Zn沿程变化明显,出现波动情况;各重金属富集水平为Cd>Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb>Ni>Hg>As,Cd的富集程度最高,属于偏中度污染;重金属生态危害大小为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Ni>Zn,Cd的生态危害最强,是潜在生态风险的主要控制因子。研究表明,西伶通道内河航道底泥受到一定程度的重金属污染,主要污染为镉污染,潜在生态风险最大。
Based on the study of the sediment environment of the river channel in the Xiling channel, we used the Nemeru comprehensive index method, the coefficient of variation, the cumulative index method and the potential ecological hazard index method to further analyze and evaluate the heavy metal pollution of sediment. The results showed that the Nemero comprehensive index of Cr was 1.10, which was grade Ⅲ, and was mildly polluted; the coefficient of variation of Cu was 0.62, the variation degree was large, the changes of Cr and Zn was obvious, the fluctuation occurred; the enrichment of heavy metals decreased in the order: Cd>Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb>Ni>Hg>As, the accumulation of Cd the index ranged from 1.32 to 1.87, the enrichment was the highest, and it was partial pollution. The ecological hazard of heavy metal decreased in the order: Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Ni>Zn, the contribution rate of Cd to the potential ecological risk index ranged from 57.7% to 74.2%, the potential ecological hazard coefficient was as high as 135, the ecological hazard was the strongest and the main control factor on the potential ecological risk. Xiling channel inland waterway sediment was polluted heavy metals to some extent, the main pollutant was cadmium.
Based on the study of the sediment environment of the river channel in the Xiling channel, we used the Nemeru comprehensive index method, the coefficient of variation, the cumulative index method and the potential ecological hazard index method to further analyze and evaluate the heavy metal pollution of sediment. The results showed that the Nemero comprehensive index of Cr was 1.10, which was grade Ⅲ, and was mildly polluted; the coefficient of variation of Cu was 0.62, the variation degree was large, the changes of Cr and Zn was obvious, the fluctuation occurred; the enrichment of heavy metals decreased in the order: Cd>Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb>Ni>Hg>As, the accumulation of Cd the index ranged from 1.32 to 1.87, the enrichment was the highest, and it was partial pollution. The ecological hazard of heavy metal decreased in the order: Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>As>Cr>Ni>Zn, the contribution rate of Cd to the potential ecological risk index ranged from 57.7% to 74.2%, the potential ecological hazard coefficient was as high as 135, the ecological hazard was the strongest and the main control factor on the potential ecological risk. Xiling channel inland waterway sediment was polluted heavy metals to some extent, the main pollutant was cadmium.
引文
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[22]吴岩,杜立宇,梁成华,等.生物炭与沸石混施对不同污染土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):286-290.
[2]陈昆仑,王旭,李丹,等.1990-2010年广州城市河流水体形态演化研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(2):223-230.
[3]张洪,林超,雷沛,等.海河流域河流富营养化程度总体评估[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(8):2336-2344.
[4]柏建坤,李潮流,康世昌,等.雅鲁藏布江流域三条典型河流水体中溶解态元素分布特征及其水质评价[J].环境化学,2014,33(12):2206-2207.
[5]贾英,方明,吴友军,等.上海河流沉积物重金属的污染特征与潜在生态风险[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1):147-153.
[6]许友泽,刘锦军,成应向,等.湘江底泥重金属污染特征与生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(1):189-198.
[7]梅明,文磊,戚俊磊,等.河流底泥重金属形态分析及污染评价方法综述[J].价值工程,2016,35(9):8-11.
[8]宋宪强,雷恒毅,余光伟,等.重污染感潮河道底泥重金属污染评价及释放规律研究[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(11):2258-2268.
[9]唐文清,刘利,冯泳兰,等.河流底泥重金属污染现状分析及评价:以湘江衡阳段为例[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2008,29(6):61-65.
[10]田英杰.河道底泥重金属检测及潜在生态风险评估[D].杭州:中国计量学院,2015.
[11]王晶,陈军,袁建国,等.珠江流域综合规划(2012-2030)的几点认识[J].人民珠江,2013,34(6):25-27.
[12]孙庆业,蓝崇钰,杨林章.铅锌尾矿废弃地的化学性质研究[J].农村生态环境,2000,16(4):36-39,44.
[13]王春珍,赵玉岩,陆继龙,等.吉林省辉发河底泥重金属污染评价[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(4):160-166.
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析法[M].北京:北京农业科技出版社,1999:235-285.
[15]马瑾.珠江三角洲典型区域(东莞市)土壤重金属污染探查研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2003.
[16]贾振邦,张宝权.应用地累积指数法评价太子河沉积物中重金属污染[J].环境保护与循环经济,1997,36(4):525-530.
[17]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[18]Mishra K,Sharma R C,Kumar S.Contamination levels and spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soil from India[J].Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety,2012,76:212-225.
[19]Liu S D,Xia X H,Zhai Y W,et al.Black carbon(BC)in urban and surrounding rural soils of Beijing China:Spatial distribution and relationship with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)[J].Chemosphere,2009,76(11):1498-1504.
[20]MacDonald D D,Dipinto L M,Field J,et al.Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment effect concentrations for polychlorinated biphenyls[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2000,19(5):1403-1413.
[21]李江遐,吴春林,张军,等.生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):2075-2081.
[22]吴岩,杜立宇,梁成华,等.生物炭与沸石混施对不同污染土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):286-290.
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