点燃式液压自由活塞发动机高增压燃烧过程的试验与仿真研究
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摘要
在快速压缩-膨胀机上进行试验,模拟液压自由活塞发动机(hydraulic free piston engine,HFPE)在不同缸内初始压力下的单次燃烧做功过程,并利用OpenFOAM和CONVERGE三维计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)仿真平台进行增压仿真研究。结果表明:液压自由活塞发动机随着缸内初始压力的增大,相同压缩比下发动机循环周期缩短,活塞在上止点附近停留时间缩短,爆震极限压缩比增大,抗爆能力增强。适当提高缸内初始压力有利于提高指示效率,当缸内初始压力提高至0.15MPa时,发动机指示效率由0.30提高至0.31,但当初始压力达到0.20MPa后,指示效率又降至0.30。针对缸内初始压力进一步增大后出现的效率降低问题,在仿真研究中发现采用多火花塞点火方案,即使在初始压力0.80MPa的条件下也能得到较高的指示效率而不发生爆震。
The simulation experiment of the single combustion process of a hydraulic free piston engine(HFPE)under different initial pressures in the cylinder was conducted on a rapid compression-expansion test machine,and the super-charging simulation study was carried out by using OpenFoam and CONVERGE three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation platform.Results show that under the same compression ratio,as the initial pressure in the cylinder increases,the cycle time of the engine and the residence time of the piston near top dead center are shortened,thereby increasing the compression ratio of knock limit and antiknock ability.Appropriately increasing the initial pressure is beneficial to improve the indicated efficiency.When the initial pressure in the cylinder is increased to 0.15 MPa,the engine indicated efficiency is increased from 0.30 to 0.31,but when the initial pressure reaches 0.20 MPa,the indicated efficiency drops to 0.30.In the simulation study of the problem,it is found that the multi-spark ignition scheme can achieve a higher indicated efficiency without knocking even at an initial pressure of 0.80 MPa.
The simulation experiment of the single combustion process of a hydraulic free piston engine(HFPE)under different initial pressures in the cylinder was conducted on a rapid compression-expansion test machine,and the super-charging simulation study was carried out by using OpenFoam and CONVERGE three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation platform.Results show that under the same compression ratio,as the initial pressure in the cylinder increases,the cycle time of the engine and the residence time of the piston near top dead center are shortened,thereby increasing the compression ratio of knock limit and antiknock ability.Appropriately increasing the initial pressure is beneficial to improve the indicated efficiency.When the initial pressure in the cylinder is increased to 0.15 MPa,the engine indicated efficiency is increased from 0.30 to 0.31,but when the initial pressure reaches 0.20 MPa,the indicated efficiency drops to 0.30.In the simulation study of the problem,it is found that the multi-spark ignition scheme can achieve a higher indicated efficiency without knocking even at an initial pressure of 0.80 MPa.
引文
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[2]DAHNZ C,HAN K,SPICHER U,et al.Investigations on pre-ignition in highly supercharged SI engines[J].SAEInternational Journal of Engines,2010,3(1):214-224.
[3]CAVINA N,ROJO N,BUSINARO A,et al.Analysis of preignition combustions triggered by heavy knocking events in a turbocharged GDI engine[J].Energy Procedia,2016,101:893-900.
[4]李元平,平银生,尹琪.增压缸内直喷汽油机早燃及超级爆震试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2012,33(5):63-66.LI Y P,PING Y S,YIN Q.Experimental study on preignition and megaknock in turbocharged DI gasoline engine[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2012,33(5):63-66.
[5]TANOUE K,JIMITO T,KIMURA T,et al.Effect of initial temperature and fuel properties on knock characteristics in a rapid compression and expansion machine[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2016,36(3):3523-3531.
[6]吴维,苑士华,胡纪滨,等.液压自由活塞发动机的活塞运动不对称特征研究[J].兵工学报,2012,33(7):810-815.WU W,YUAN S H,HU J B,et al.Study on the asymmetry characteristics of piston motion of the hydraulic free piston engine[J].Acta Armamentarii,2012,33(7):810-815.
[7]MIKALSEN R,ROSKILLY A P.A computational study of free-piston diesel engine combustion[J].Applied Energy,2009,86(7/8):1136-1143.
[8]耿鹤鸣.对置式液压自由活塞发动机的实验与仿真研究[D].天津:天津大学,2016.
[9]MIKALSEN R,ROSKILLY A P.Coupled dynamicmultidimensional modelling of free-piston engine combustion[J].Applied Energy,2009,86(1):89-95.
[10]GENG H,WANG Y,ZHEN X,et al.Study on adaptive behavior and mechanism of compression ratio(or piston motion profile)for combustion parameters in hydraulic free piston engine[J].Applied Energy,2018,211(1):921-928.
[11]李冀辉,汪洋,徐帅卿,等.活塞运动规律对点燃式HFPE燃烧过程影响的仿真研究[J].内燃机工程,2017,38(6):23-28.LI J H,WANG Y,XU S Q,et al.Simulative research ofimpact of piston motion law on spark-ignition hydraulic free piston engine combustion process[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2017,38(6):23-28.
[12]LIM O,HUNG N B,OH S,et al.A study of operating parameters on the linear spark ignition engine[J].Applied Energy,2015,160:746-760.
[13]ZHANG C,SUN Z X.Trajectory-based combustion control for renewable fuels in free piston engines[J].Applied Energy,2016,187(1):72-83.
[14]MIKALSEN R,ROSKILLY A P.A review of free-piston engine history and applications[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2007,27(14/15):2339-2352.
[15]肖欢,汪洋,刘宇,等.SI燃烧过程优化途径的试验和仿真研究[J].内燃机工程,2017,38(6):9-14.XIAO H,WANG Y,LIU Y,et al.Experimental and simulative study of optimization of spark ignition combustion process[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2017,38(6):9-14.
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