一种梨小食心虫幼虫寄生蜂——丽下腔茧蜂的形态描述、生物学特性及生物防治潜力
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摘要
田间采集梨小食心虫室内饲养过程中发现一种寄生蜂,经鉴定为膜翅目Hymenoptera茧蜂科Braconidae窄径茧蜂亚科Agathidinae的丽下腔茧蜂Therophilus festivus(Muesebeck,1953)。用体视解剖镜观察并描记其形态特征,对其学名变迁进行了介绍。另外对该蜂的寄生时期、田间自然寄生率和不同环境条件下成虫寿命进行了初步研究。结果表明,该蜂寄生于梨小食心虫幼虫,2014—2017年田间调查自然寄生率分别为27.51%、43.08%、38.37%、23.91%;用纯净水、10%白糖水、5%蜂蜜水、10%蜂蜜水、20%蜂蜜水饲喂丽下腔茧蜂成虫寿命分别为3.4、6.6、5.67、5.67、6.75 d,以20%蜂蜜水补充营养的成虫寿命最长;在15、20、25和30℃不同温度条件下,成虫寿命分别为19、12、6.5、6.83 d,以15℃条件下成虫寿命最长。该寄生蜂对梨小食心虫的田间自然寄生率较高,而且寄生范围较广,具有较高的应用潜力。
A parasitoid wasp was found in larvae of oriental fruit moth(OFM), Gropholitha molesta, and identified as Therophilus festivus(Muesebeck, 1953). The wasp belongs to Agathidinae, Braconidae, Hymenoptera. Morphological characteristics of the wasp were observed and described, and variations of its scientific name were introduced in this paper. Further studies showed that the parasitic rate was 27.51%, 43.08%, 38.37%, and 23.91% in 2014—2017, respectively. When the adult wasps were fed with purified water, 10% sugar water, 5% honey water, 10% honey water, 20% honey water, they lived 3.4 d, 6.6 d, 5.67 d, 5.67 d, and 6.75 d, respectively. At different temperatures 15, 20, 25, and 30 ℃, the adults lived 19 d, 12 d, 6.5 d and 6.83 d, respectively. The wasp shows high field parasitism rate in larvae of OFM and thus has a potential as biological control agent for OFM.
A parasitoid wasp was found in larvae of oriental fruit moth(OFM), Gropholitha molesta, and identified as Therophilus festivus(Muesebeck, 1953). The wasp belongs to Agathidinae, Braconidae, Hymenoptera. Morphological characteristics of the wasp were observed and described, and variations of its scientific name were introduced in this paper. Further studies showed that the parasitic rate was 27.51%, 43.08%, 38.37%, and 23.91% in 2014—2017, respectively. When the adult wasps were fed with purified water, 10% sugar water, 5% honey water, 10% honey water, 20% honey water, they lived 3.4 d, 6.6 d, 5.67 d, 5.67 d, and 6.75 d, respectively. At different temperatures 15, 20, 25, and 30 ℃, the adults lived 19 d, 12 d, 6.5 d and 6.83 d, respectively. The wasp shows high field parasitism rate in larvae of OFM and thus has a potential as biological control agent for OFM.
引文
[1]杨建全.中国窄径茧蜂亚科分类研究(膜翅目:茧蜂科)[D].福州:福建农林大学,2001.
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[3]唐璞.中国窄径茧蜂亚科分类研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[4]孔维娜,王怡,牛国飞,等.梨小食心虫性信息素载体筛选与应用优化[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(7):8-12.
[5]韩志慧,邢培翔,刁红亮,等.生防菌玫烟色棒束孢IF-1106对梨小食心虫杀虫活性的测定[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(7):17-22.
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[8]艾尼瓦尔?肉孜,王乔.梨小食心虫生物学特性及防治[J].生物灾害科学,2018,41(2):160-162.
[9]姜秀华,侯军铭,韩会智,等.河北省沧州市林木果树害虫天敌名录[J].河北林业科技,2010(1):12-17.
[10]焦旭东,郭艳兰,何彩,等.甘肃武威不同果园梨小食心虫发生规律及防治技术研究[J].中国果树,2017(3):67-70.
[11]沈健,忤均祥,许向利,等.暗黑赤眼蜂对梨小食心虫卵的寄生作用[J].植物保护学报,2012,39(4):352-356.
[12]孟豪,赵利鼎,李先伟,等.梨小食心虫的天敌资源[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(8):858-861.
[13]唐永清,王朴,王佳武,等.短稳杆菌对苹果食心虫防控效果[J].农药科学与管理,2014,35(2):50-53.
[14]杜娟,王艳蓉,忤均祥.不同饲料配方对梨小食心虫生长发育及繁殖的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,30(3):228-231.
[15]Muesebeck C F W.Three new reared Braconidae(Hymenoptera)[J].Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,1953,55(3):149-151.
[16]Shenefelt R D.Braconidae 3.Agathidinae.Hymenopterorum Catalogus(nova edition)[M].Hague:Dr.W.Junk,1971,307-428.
[17]Bhat S,Gupta V K.The subfamily Agathidinae(Hymenoptera:Braconidae).Ichneumonologica Orientalis part VI[J].Oriental Insects Monograph,1977,6:1-353.
[18]Chou L Y.A preliminary list of Braconidae(Hymenoptera)of Taiwan[J].Journal of Agricultural Research,1981,30(1):71-88.
[19]Chou L Y,Sharkey M J.The Braconidae(Hymenoptera)of Taiwan.1.Agathidinae[J].Journal of Taiwan Museum,1989,42(1):147-223.
[20]Sharkey M J.The Agathidinae(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)of Japan[J].Bulletin of the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences,1996,13:1-100.
[21]Sharkey M J.Agathidinae//Ler P A,ed.Key to the Insects of Russian Far East.Vol.4.Neuropteroidea,Mecoptera,Hymenoptera[M].Vladivostok:Dal’nauka,1998,520-531.
[22]Watanabe C.Notes on Braconid parasites of Lepidopterous leaf-rollers with descriptions of two new species(Hymenoptera,Braconidae)[J].Mushi,1970,43:121-126.
[23]Tobias V I.Braconids of the Caucasus(Hymenoptera,Braconidae).Opred.Faune SSSR[M].Leningrad:Nauka Press,1976,287.
[24]van Achterberg C,Long K D.Revision of the Agathidinae(Hymenoptera,Braconidae)of with the description of forty-two new species and three new genera[J].Zookeys,2010,54:1-184.
[25]Marsh P M.A taxonomic study of the genus Cremnops F?rster in America North of Mexico(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1961,54(6):851-861.
[26]Yu D S,van Achterberg C,Horstmann K.Taxapad 2004:World Ichneumonoidea,taxonomy,biology,morphology and distribution.Vancouver,Canada:http://www.taxapad.com[EB/OL],2012.
[27]曹正,谢春芹,陈慧敏,等.性信息素迷向剂控制桃园梨小食心虫危害的试验[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(7):161-164.
[28]李小敏,刘君昂,董文统,等.补充外源营养对螟蛉绒茧蜂寿命和繁殖力的影响[J].植物保护学报,2018,45(2):208-213.
[29]汪庚伟,田俊策,朱平阳,等.蜜源食物对节肢动物天敌寿命、繁殖力和控害能力的影响[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(8):979-990.
[30]李建成,路子云,屈振刚,等.中红侧沟茧蜂研究及应用进展[J].河北农业科学,2010,14(8):4-11.
[2]陈家骅,杨建全.中国动物志(昆虫纲)(第46卷):膜翅目:茧蜂科(四):窄径茧蜂亚科[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[3]唐璞.中国窄径茧蜂亚科分类研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[4]孔维娜,王怡,牛国飞,等.梨小食心虫性信息素载体筛选与应用优化[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(7):8-12.
[5]韩志慧,邢培翔,刁红亮,等.生防菌玫烟色棒束孢IF-1106对梨小食心虫杀虫活性的测定[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(7):17-22.
[6]冉红凡,路子云,刘文旭,等.梨小食心虫生物防治研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(5):931-941.
[7]范仁俊.北方果树食心虫发生规律与控制[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015,162-172.
[8]艾尼瓦尔?肉孜,王乔.梨小食心虫生物学特性及防治[J].生物灾害科学,2018,41(2):160-162.
[9]姜秀华,侯军铭,韩会智,等.河北省沧州市林木果树害虫天敌名录[J].河北林业科技,2010(1):12-17.
[10]焦旭东,郭艳兰,何彩,等.甘肃武威不同果园梨小食心虫发生规律及防治技术研究[J].中国果树,2017(3):67-70.
[11]沈健,忤均祥,许向利,等.暗黑赤眼蜂对梨小食心虫卵的寄生作用[J].植物保护学报,2012,39(4):352-356.
[12]孟豪,赵利鼎,李先伟,等.梨小食心虫的天敌资源[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(8):858-861.
[13]唐永清,王朴,王佳武,等.短稳杆菌对苹果食心虫防控效果[J].农药科学与管理,2014,35(2):50-53.
[14]杜娟,王艳蓉,忤均祥.不同饲料配方对梨小食心虫生长发育及繁殖的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,30(3):228-231.
[15]Muesebeck C F W.Three new reared Braconidae(Hymenoptera)[J].Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,1953,55(3):149-151.
[16]Shenefelt R D.Braconidae 3.Agathidinae.Hymenopterorum Catalogus(nova edition)[M].Hague:Dr.W.Junk,1971,307-428.
[17]Bhat S,Gupta V K.The subfamily Agathidinae(Hymenoptera:Braconidae).Ichneumonologica Orientalis part VI[J].Oriental Insects Monograph,1977,6:1-353.
[18]Chou L Y.A preliminary list of Braconidae(Hymenoptera)of Taiwan[J].Journal of Agricultural Research,1981,30(1):71-88.
[19]Chou L Y,Sharkey M J.The Braconidae(Hymenoptera)of Taiwan.1.Agathidinae[J].Journal of Taiwan Museum,1989,42(1):147-223.
[20]Sharkey M J.The Agathidinae(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)of Japan[J].Bulletin of the National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences,1996,13:1-100.
[21]Sharkey M J.Agathidinae//Ler P A,ed.Key to the Insects of Russian Far East.Vol.4.Neuropteroidea,Mecoptera,Hymenoptera[M].Vladivostok:Dal’nauka,1998,520-531.
[22]Watanabe C.Notes on Braconid parasites of Lepidopterous leaf-rollers with descriptions of two new species(Hymenoptera,Braconidae)[J].Mushi,1970,43:121-126.
[23]Tobias V I.Braconids of the Caucasus(Hymenoptera,Braconidae).Opred.Faune SSSR[M].Leningrad:Nauka Press,1976,287.
[24]van Achterberg C,Long K D.Revision of the Agathidinae(Hymenoptera,Braconidae)of with the description of forty-two new species and three new genera[J].Zookeys,2010,54:1-184.
[25]Marsh P M.A taxonomic study of the genus Cremnops F?rster in America North of Mexico(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1961,54(6):851-861.
[26]Yu D S,van Achterberg C,Horstmann K.Taxapad 2004:World Ichneumonoidea,taxonomy,biology,morphology and distribution.Vancouver,Canada:http://www.taxapad.com[EB/OL],2012.
[27]曹正,谢春芹,陈慧敏,等.性信息素迷向剂控制桃园梨小食心虫危害的试验[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(7):161-164.
[28]李小敏,刘君昂,董文统,等.补充外源营养对螟蛉绒茧蜂寿命和繁殖力的影响[J].植物保护学报,2018,45(2):208-213.
[29]汪庚伟,田俊策,朱平阳,等.蜜源食物对节肢动物天敌寿命、繁殖力和控害能力的影响[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(8):979-990.
[30]李建成,路子云,屈振刚,等.中红侧沟茧蜂研究及应用进展[J].河北农业科学,2010,14(8):4-11.
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