生物农药对设施和露地黄瓜白粉病的防效及其品质和产量的影响
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摘要
为筛选有效防治黄瓜白粉病的生物农药,以黄瓜品种津优2号为试材,通过田间试验研究了蛇床子素、枯草芽孢杆菌等4种生物农药对设施和露地黄瓜白粉病的防治效果,以及对黄瓜品质、产量的影响。结果表明,生物农药对设施黄瓜白粉病的防治效果优于露地黄瓜。1 000亿个/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP 400倍稀释液对设施和露地黄瓜白粉病的防治效果均最佳,分别为88.26%和83.16%,1%蛇床子素EW 500倍稀释液效果次之,平均防效分别为86.17%和76.66%,这2种生物农药可以替代化学药剂,从而减少农药残留,提高食品安全。生物农药能够提高设施和露地黄瓜的可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白含量,降低亚硝酸盐含量,化学农药反之。生物、化学农药都能提高黄瓜的产量。综合来看,喷施生物农药更有利于黄瓜的高效栽培。
In order to screen biological fungicides to control cucumber powdery mildew effectively,the control effects of four biological fungicides such as osthol and Bacillus subtilis on powdery mildew of protected and field cucumber were studied with cucumber variety Jinyou 2 as experimental material.And the effects on cucumber quality and yield were also analyzed.The results showed that the control effect of biological pesticides on powdery mildew of protected cucumber was better than that in open field.The 400-fold diluent of 100 billion spores/g Bacillus subtilis WP had the best control effects on powdery mildew of both protected and field cucumber,which were respectively 88.26% and 83.16%.The 500-fold diluent of 1% osthol EW was second only to it,with the average control effects of 86.17%and 76.66% respectively.They can replace chemical pesticides,thereby reducing pesticide residues and improving food safety.Biological pesticides could improve the contents of soluble solids,soluble sugars,vitamin C and soluble protein,and lower the nitrite content in cucumber,while chemical pesticides did the opposite.Both biological and chemical pesticides could increase cucumber yield.In general,spraying biological pesticide is more beneficial to the efficient cultivation of cucumber.
In order to screen biological fungicides to control cucumber powdery mildew effectively,the control effects of four biological fungicides such as osthol and Bacillus subtilis on powdery mildew of protected and field cucumber were studied with cucumber variety Jinyou 2 as experimental material.And the effects on cucumber quality and yield were also analyzed.The results showed that the control effect of biological pesticides on powdery mildew of protected cucumber was better than that in open field.The 400-fold diluent of 100 billion spores/g Bacillus subtilis WP had the best control effects on powdery mildew of both protected and field cucumber,which were respectively 88.26% and 83.16%.The 500-fold diluent of 1% osthol EW was second only to it,with the average control effects of 86.17%and 76.66% respectively.They can replace chemical pesticides,thereby reducing pesticide residues and improving food safety.Biological pesticides could improve the contents of soluble solids,soluble sugars,vitamin C and soluble protein,and lower the nitrite content in cucumber,while chemical pesticides did the opposite.Both biological and chemical pesticides could increase cucumber yield.In general,spraying biological pesticide is more beneficial to the efficient cultivation of cucumber.
引文
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[3] 郭敬华,孟庆芳,石琳琪,等.玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63发酵液防治黄瓜白粉病的作用机理研究[J].华北农学报,2017,32(S1):69-75.
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[6] 李欢,曹雪梅,陈茹,等.海洋多黏类芽孢杆菌L1-9菌株粉剂对黄瓜的促生防病作用[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(12):65-69.
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[9] 刘新社,贾利元.杀菌剂对设施和露地黄瓜霜霉病的药效比较[J].农药,2009,48(11):838-839,856.
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[14] 王惠琴,鲁迪,林太凤,等.盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定肉制品中的亚硝酸盐[J].食品研究与开发,2009,30(5):119-121.
[15] 王晓阁.枯草芽孢杆菌研究进展与展望[J].中山大学研究生学刊,2012,33(3):14-23.
[16] ONGENA M,JOURDAN E,ADAM A,et al.Surfactin and fengycin lipopeptides of Bacillus subtilis as elicitors of induced systemic resistance in plants[J].Environmental Microbiology,2007,9(4):1084-1090.
[17] 张伟,李国慧,伍亚琼,等.1%蛇床子素EW 对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果[J].四川农业科技,2017(7):34-35.
[18] 殷洁,袁玲.寡雄腐霉菌剂对辣椒疫病的防治及促生效应[J].园艺学报,2017,44(12):2327-2337.
[19] ADAMS P B.The potential of mycoparasites for biological control of plant diseases[J].Ann Rev Phytopathol,1990,28:59-72.
[20] ZIMAND G,ELACD Y.Effect of Trichoderma harziamum on Botrytis cinerea[J].Phytopathology,1996,86:945-956.
[21] 陶凤莲.日光温室黄瓜霜霉病的发生原因与防治[J].北方园艺,2006(4):183.
[22] 赵卫星.几种有机磷农药对大蒜品质的影响及合理用药的研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2005.
[23] CHELLIAH S,HEINRICHS E A.Factors affecting insecticide induced resurgence of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens on rice[J].Environ Entomol,1980,9: 773-777.
[24] MCKINLEY W P,READ S I.Use of starch gel electrophoresis to illustrate inhibition of rabbit liver esterases by organophosphorus pesticides[J].Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists,1961,44(4): 726-730.
[25] 李钦,郑微云,王重刚,等.有机磷农药对坛紫菜过氧化物酶(POD)活性影响的研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2003,42(2):201-204.
[2] 李圣辰,于广威,张卫,等.微生物菌肥对黄瓜白粉病的防效试验[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(17):71-72.
[3] 郭敬华,孟庆芳,石琳琪,等.玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63发酵液防治黄瓜白粉病的作用机理研究[J].华北农学报,2017,32(S1):69-75.
[4] 孙卉,闫海洋,金荣德.微生物源杀菌剂对黄瓜白粉病的防治作用[J].吉林农业科学,2015,40(3):65-68.
[5] 唐洪杰,魏萍,姚夕敏,等.2 种生物制剂对有机黄瓜白粉病的防治效果[J].农学学报,2015,5(6):42-44.
[6] 李欢,曹雪梅,陈茹,等.海洋多黏类芽孢杆菌L1-9菌株粉剂对黄瓜的促生防病作用[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(12):65-69.
[7] 鹿秀云,李社增,马平,等.黄瓜白粉病拮抗细菌的筛选与鉴定及其防病机理[J].中国生物防治,2006(22):54-58.
[8] 刘新社.六种杀菌剂防治大棚黄瓜霜霉病药效试验[J].商丘职业技术学院学报,2003,2(6):61-62.
[9] 刘新社,贾利元.杀菌剂对设施和露地黄瓜霜霉病的药效比较[J].农药,2009,48(11):838-839,856.
[10] 农业部农药检定所生测室.农药田间药效试验准则(一)[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[11] 李远新,李进辉,何莉莉,等.氮磷钾配施对保护地番茄产量及品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,1997(4):10-13.
[12] 孙群,胡景江.植物生理学研究技术[M].杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2006.
[13] 张志良,翟伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[14] 王惠琴,鲁迪,林太凤,等.盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定肉制品中的亚硝酸盐[J].食品研究与开发,2009,30(5):119-121.
[15] 王晓阁.枯草芽孢杆菌研究进展与展望[J].中山大学研究生学刊,2012,33(3):14-23.
[16] ONGENA M,JOURDAN E,ADAM A,et al.Surfactin and fengycin lipopeptides of Bacillus subtilis as elicitors of induced systemic resistance in plants[J].Environmental Microbiology,2007,9(4):1084-1090.
[17] 张伟,李国慧,伍亚琼,等.1%蛇床子素EW 对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果[J].四川农业科技,2017(7):34-35.
[18] 殷洁,袁玲.寡雄腐霉菌剂对辣椒疫病的防治及促生效应[J].园艺学报,2017,44(12):2327-2337.
[19] ADAMS P B.The potential of mycoparasites for biological control of plant diseases[J].Ann Rev Phytopathol,1990,28:59-72.
[20] ZIMAND G,ELACD Y.Effect of Trichoderma harziamum on Botrytis cinerea[J].Phytopathology,1996,86:945-956.
[21] 陶凤莲.日光温室黄瓜霜霉病的发生原因与防治[J].北方园艺,2006(4):183.
[22] 赵卫星.几种有机磷农药对大蒜品质的影响及合理用药的研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2005.
[23] CHELLIAH S,HEINRICHS E A.Factors affecting insecticide induced resurgence of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens on rice[J].Environ Entomol,1980,9: 773-777.
[24] MCKINLEY W P,READ S I.Use of starch gel electrophoresis to illustrate inhibition of rabbit liver esterases by organophosphorus pesticides[J].Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists,1961,44(4): 726-730.
[25] 李钦,郑微云,王重刚,等.有机磷农药对坛紫菜过氧化物酶(POD)活性影响的研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2003,42(2):201-204.
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