中西太平洋鲣渔场时空分布研究
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摘要
中西太平洋海域是全球鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)作业的主要渔场,该海域鲣渔场的时空分布规律,尤其是高产海域,是渔情预报研究的基础和前提。根据太平洋共同体秘书处提供的1995-2014年中西太平洋鲣围网捕捞生产统计数据,对各年各月的鲣产量和捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)进行统计分析,通过产量重心分析和聚类分析,找出渔场重心变化规律,同时选取高产的22个渔区(分辨率5°×5°),研究时间和空间因素对CPUE的影响。研究结果表明,中西太平洋鲣历年产量逐步上升,CPUE波动较大,而各月产量和CPUE差异较大,高产月份主要集中在上半年;历年产量重心分布不均,经度方向上分布差异较大,聚类分析可分为4类;各月产量重心变化呈现顺时针变化规律,从南到北,自西向东,再从北向南移动,聚类分析可分为3类;渔获量主要分布于5°S～5°N、120°～175°E,因此对该海域CPUE进行统计,以年份、月份和渔区为影响因素,分析发现,极端气候年份与其它年份的CPUE有明显不同,月份间的变化与产量月间重心变化类似,上、下半年有着明显不同;不同空间下,经度间差异大于纬度间差异,135°～145°E为经度CPUE差异的分界线,而南北纬间的差异不明显。上述鲣的时空分布变化主要与ENSO现象引起的西太平洋暖池的变化有着密切关系,同时太平洋岛国的相关入渔政策也对其产生一定的影响。
The Western and Central Pacific is the world's most important fishing ground for Katsuwonus pelamis and is also very sensitive to the changing ambient environment,so exploring the spatial and temporal variation,especially in the high catch area,is the basis and precondition for fishing forecasting. According to the catch data of Katsuwonus pelamis in the Western and Central Pacific during 1995—2014,using statistical analysis based on the above data with the monthly and annual interval,the fishing ground variations were detected through catch gravity analysis and cluster analysis. And a total of 22 fishing zones(5° latitude and 5° longitude) with the high catch were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of catch and CPUE for Katsuwonus pelamis in the Western and Central Pacific. The results showed that the annual catch of Katsuwonus pelamis increased gradually with high fluctuation of CPUE,and high monthly catch mainly appeared in the first half year; catch gravity was inhomogeneous in longitudinal direction,four groups can be divided with cluster analysis; monthly gravity position changed clockwise,from west to east,from south to north,three groups can be divided with cluster analysis; main catch focused in the area of 5°S ～ 5°N,120° ～175°E,CPUE in extreme years had significant differences with other years,and the CPUE of the first half year and second half year had significant differences; 135° ～ 145°E was the boundary of longitude variation,and there was no significant difference in latitude variation. The above spatial and temporal variation may be caused by the change of warm pool in the west Pacific,and also have some relationship with the fishing access strategy in the island countries in the Pacific.
The Western and Central Pacific is the world's most important fishing ground for Katsuwonus pelamis and is also very sensitive to the changing ambient environment,so exploring the spatial and temporal variation,especially in the high catch area,is the basis and precondition for fishing forecasting. According to the catch data of Katsuwonus pelamis in the Western and Central Pacific during 1995—2014,using statistical analysis based on the above data with the monthly and annual interval,the fishing ground variations were detected through catch gravity analysis and cluster analysis. And a total of 22 fishing zones(5° latitude and 5° longitude) with the high catch were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of catch and CPUE for Katsuwonus pelamis in the Western and Central Pacific. The results showed that the annual catch of Katsuwonus pelamis increased gradually with high fluctuation of CPUE,and high monthly catch mainly appeared in the first half year; catch gravity was inhomogeneous in longitudinal direction,four groups can be divided with cluster analysis; monthly gravity position changed clockwise,from west to east,from south to north,three groups can be divided with cluster analysis; main catch focused in the area of 5°S ～ 5°N,120° ～175°E,CPUE in extreme years had significant differences with other years,and the CPUE of the first half year and second half year had significant differences; 135° ～ 145°E was the boundary of longitude variation,and there was no significant difference in latitude variation. The above spatial and temporal variation may be caused by the change of warm pool in the west Pacific,and also have some relationship with the fishing access strategy in the island countries in the Pacific.
引文
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[10]唐启义,冯明光.DPS数据处理系统-实验设计、统计分析及模型优化[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:635-642.TANG Q Y,FENG M G.DPS data process systemexperiment design,statistical analysis and modellling[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:635-642.
[11]杜荣骞.生物统计学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:70-81.DU R Q.Biostatistics(second edition)[M].Beijing:High Education Press,2003:70-81.
[12]靳少非,樊伟.鲣鱼资源开发利用研究现状及未来气候变化背景下研究展望[J].渔业信息与战略,2014,29(4):272-279.JIN S F,FAN W.Review and perspectives on skipjack tuna fishery under global climate change[J].Fishery Information and Strategy,2014,29(4):272-279.
[13]李国添.海洋渔场:(上册)[M].台北:华香园出版社,1997:145.LI G T.Ocean fishing ground(Volume 1)[M].Taipei:Huaxiangyuan Press,1997:145.
[14]TURK D,MCPHADEN M J,BUSALACCHI A J,et al.Remotely sensed biological production in the Equatorial Pacific[J].Science,2001,293(5529):471-474.
[15]沈建华,陈雪冬,崔雪森.中西太平洋金枪鱼围网鲣鱼渔获量时空分布分析[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(1):13-19.SHEN J H,CHEN X D,CUI X S.Analysis on spatial-temporal distribution of skipjack tuna catches by purse seine in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries,2006,28(1):13-19.
[16]LEHODEY P M,BERTIBANAC J,HAMPTON A,et al.El Nino southern oscillation and tuna in the western Pacific[J].Nature,1997,389(6652):715-718.
[17]杨胜龙,周甦芳,周为峰,等.基于Argo数据的中西太平洋鲣渔获量与水温、表层盐度关系的初步研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2010,25(1):34-40.YANG S L,ZHOU S F,ZHOU W F,et al.The relationship between skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)catch and water temperature and surface salinity in the west-central Pacific Ocean based on Argo data[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2010,25(1):34-40.
[18]郭爱,陈新军.利用水温垂直结构研究中西太平洋鲣鱼栖息地指数[J].海洋渔业,2009,31(1):1-9.GUO A,CHEN X J.Studies on the habitat suitability index based on the vertical structure of water temperature for skipjack(Katsuwonus pelamis)purse seine fishery in the west-central Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries,2009,32(1):1-9.
[19]叶泰豪,冯波,颜云榕,等.中西太平洋鲣渔场与温盐垂直结构关系的研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2012(1):49-55.YE T H,FENG B,YAN Y R,et al.The relationship between skipjack(Katsuwonus pelamis)catch and vertical water temperature and salinity in the West-central Pacific Ocean[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2012(1):49-55.
[20]汪金涛,陈新军.中西太平洋鲣鱼渔场单位重心变化及其预测模型建立[J].中国海洋大学学报,2013,43(8):044-048.WANG J T,CHEN X J.Changes and prediction of the fishing ground gravity of Skipjack(Katsuwonus pelamis)in Western-Central Pacific[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2013,43(8):044-048.
[21]李克让,周春平,沙万英.西太平洋暖池基本特征及其对气候的影响[J].地理学报,1998,53(6):511-519.LI K R,ZHOU C P,SHA W Y.Basic features of the warm pool in the western Pacific and its impact on climate[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,53(6):511-519.
[22]陈洋洋,陈新军.厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜现象对中西太平洋鲣资源丰度的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(1):113-120.CHEN Y Y,CHEN X J.Influence of El Nino/La Nina on the abundance index of skipjack in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(1):113-120.
[23]周甦芳.厄尔尼诺-南方涛动现象对中西太平洋鲣鱼围网渔场的影响[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(6):739-744.ZHOU S F.Impacts of the El Ni1o Southern Oscillation on skipjack tuna purse-seine fishing grounds in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2005,12(6):739-744.
[2]陈新军,郑波.中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业鲣鱼资源量的时空分布[J].海洋学研究,2007,25(2):13-22.CHEN X J,ZHENG B.Study on the temp-spatial distribution of skipjack resources for tuna purse seine in the west-central Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2007,25(2)::13-22.
[3]丁琪,陈新军,耿婷,等.基于渔获统计的太平洋岛国渔业资源开发利用现状评价[J].生态学报,2016,36(8):2295-2303.DING Q,CHEN X J,GENG T,et al.Evaluation on utilization state of marine fishery resources of Pacific Islands based on catch statistics[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(8):2295-2303.
[4]周甦芳,沈建华,樊伟.ENSO现象对中西太平洋鲣鱼围网渔场的影响分析[J].海洋渔业,2004,26(3):167-172.ZHOU S F,SHEN J H,FAN W.Impacts of the El Ni1o Southern Oscillation on skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)purse-seine fishing grounds in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries,2004,26(3):167-172.
[5]陈新军,高峰,官文江,等.渔情预报技术及模型研究进展[J].水产学报,2013,37(8):1270-1280.CHEN X J,GAO F,GUAN W J,et al.Review of fishery forecasting technology and its models[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(8):1270-1280.
[6]郭爱,陈新军.ENSO与中西太平洋金枪鱼围网资源丰度及其渔场变动关系[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(4):338-342.GUO A,CHEN X J.The relationship between ENSO and tuna purse-seine resource abundance and fishing grounds distribution in the Western and Centra1 Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries,2005,27(4):338-342.
[7]唐浩,许柳雄,陈新军,等.基于GAM模型研究时空及环境因子对中西太平洋鲣鱼渔场的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(4):518-522.TANG H,XU L X,CHEN X J,et al.Effects of spatiotemporal and environmental factors on the fishing ground of skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean based on generalized additive model[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013,32(4):518-522.
[8]SATO T,HATANAKA H.A review of assessment of Japanese distant water fisheries for cephalopods[R]//CADDY J F.Advances in assessment of world cephalopod resources.FAO Fisheries Technical Paper,1983.
[9]薛薇.SPSS统计分析方法及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:301-323.XUE W.Statistical analysis and application of SPSS[M].Beijing:Electronic industry Press,2005:301-323.
[10]唐启义,冯明光.DPS数据处理系统-实验设计、统计分析及模型优化[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:635-642.TANG Q Y,FENG M G.DPS data process systemexperiment design,statistical analysis and modellling[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:635-642.
[11]杜荣骞.生物统计学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:70-81.DU R Q.Biostatistics(second edition)[M].Beijing:High Education Press,2003:70-81.
[12]靳少非,樊伟.鲣鱼资源开发利用研究现状及未来气候变化背景下研究展望[J].渔业信息与战略,2014,29(4):272-279.JIN S F,FAN W.Review and perspectives on skipjack tuna fishery under global climate change[J].Fishery Information and Strategy,2014,29(4):272-279.
[13]李国添.海洋渔场:(上册)[M].台北:华香园出版社,1997:145.LI G T.Ocean fishing ground(Volume 1)[M].Taipei:Huaxiangyuan Press,1997:145.
[14]TURK D,MCPHADEN M J,BUSALACCHI A J,et al.Remotely sensed biological production in the Equatorial Pacific[J].Science,2001,293(5529):471-474.
[15]沈建华,陈雪冬,崔雪森.中西太平洋金枪鱼围网鲣鱼渔获量时空分布分析[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(1):13-19.SHEN J H,CHEN X D,CUI X S.Analysis on spatial-temporal distribution of skipjack tuna catches by purse seine in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries,2006,28(1):13-19.
[16]LEHODEY P M,BERTIBANAC J,HAMPTON A,et al.El Nino southern oscillation and tuna in the western Pacific[J].Nature,1997,389(6652):715-718.
[17]杨胜龙,周甦芳,周为峰,等.基于Argo数据的中西太平洋鲣渔获量与水温、表层盐度关系的初步研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2010,25(1):34-40.YANG S L,ZHOU S F,ZHOU W F,et al.The relationship between skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)catch and water temperature and surface salinity in the west-central Pacific Ocean based on Argo data[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2010,25(1):34-40.
[18]郭爱,陈新军.利用水温垂直结构研究中西太平洋鲣鱼栖息地指数[J].海洋渔业,2009,31(1):1-9.GUO A,CHEN X J.Studies on the habitat suitability index based on the vertical structure of water temperature for skipjack(Katsuwonus pelamis)purse seine fishery in the west-central Pacific Ocean[J].Marine Fisheries,2009,32(1):1-9.
[19]叶泰豪,冯波,颜云榕,等.中西太平洋鲣渔场与温盐垂直结构关系的研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2012(1):49-55.YE T H,FENG B,YAN Y R,et al.The relationship between skipjack(Katsuwonus pelamis)catch and vertical water temperature and salinity in the West-central Pacific Ocean[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2012(1):49-55.
[20]汪金涛,陈新军.中西太平洋鲣鱼渔场单位重心变化及其预测模型建立[J].中国海洋大学学报,2013,43(8):044-048.WANG J T,CHEN X J.Changes and prediction of the fishing ground gravity of Skipjack(Katsuwonus pelamis)in Western-Central Pacific[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2013,43(8):044-048.
[21]李克让,周春平,沙万英.西太平洋暖池基本特征及其对气候的影响[J].地理学报,1998,53(6):511-519.LI K R,ZHOU C P,SHA W Y.Basic features of the warm pool in the western Pacific and its impact on climate[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,53(6):511-519.
[22]陈洋洋,陈新军.厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜现象对中西太平洋鲣资源丰度的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(1):113-120.CHEN Y Y,CHEN X J.Influence of El Nino/La Nina on the abundance index of skipjack in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(1):113-120.
[23]周甦芳.厄尔尼诺-南方涛动现象对中西太平洋鲣鱼围网渔场的影响[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(6):739-744.ZHOU S F.Impacts of the El Ni1o Southern Oscillation on skipjack tuna purse-seine fishing grounds in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2005,12(6):739-744.
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