植烟土壤物理特性及碳库对不同粒径生物质炭的动态响应
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摘要
为探究不同粒径生物炭对土壤物理化学特性以及土壤碳库的影响,在盆栽条件下,设置5个生物炭粒径施用水平:CK(不施生物炭)、T1(500～2 000μm)、T2(250～500μm)、T3(20～250μm)、T4(<20μm)。结果表明:(1)不同粒径生物炭均能显著降低土壤容重,以T4降幅最大(4.13%)。(2)不同粒径生物炭均能显著提高田间持水量(WHC),提高幅度表现为T4>T3>T2>T1,但施生物炭处理间差异不显著。(3)施生物炭均能显著提升水稳性团聚体平均重量直径,以T4处理最高,但T4、T3、T2处理间差异不显著。(4)施用生物炭处理的土壤全碳、水溶性有机碳、易氧化态碳均显著高于CK,常规粒径生物炭在烤烟生育初期较不施生物炭显著增加了土壤微生物量碳(MBC)含量,后期则降低土壤MBC含量。小粒径生物炭较常规粒径生物炭T1在烤烟移栽45d后显著降低了土壤微生物量碳含量。(5)生物炭粒径越小,对土壤碳库管理指数的提升效果越好,T4对土壤碳库管理指数提升显著。综上所述,生物炭粒径越小对土壤容重、田间持水量及团粒结构的改良效果越优,同时,小粒径生物炭施用下土壤有机碳活性和碳库管理指数均优于常规粒径生物炭,更有利于提升地力和改善土壤质量。
In order to explore the effects of biochar with different particle sizes on soil physical properties and soil carbon pool,five biochar particle size levels were set up with pot experiment:CK(no biochar),T1(500 ～ 2 000 μm),T2(250 ～ 500 μm),T3(20 ～ 250 μm),T4(<20 μm).The results showed that:(1)All biochar with different particle sizes significantly reduced soil bulk density,with the largest decrease by 4.13% in T4.(2)Different particle sizes of biochar significantly increased the field water holding capacity(WHC),and the increase rate was T4>T3>T2>T1,but the difference between biochar treatments was not significant.(3)The application of biochar significantly increased the water-stable aggregate WMD,which was the highest with T4 treatment,but the difference between T4,T3 and T2 treatment was not significant.(4)The soil total organic carbon,dissolved organic carbon and readily oxidized organic carbon in the soil treated with biochar were significantly higher than those of CK.The conventional biochar had significantly increased soil MBC content in the early stage of flue-cured tobacco growth,reduced soil MBC content in later stage.(5)The smaller the biochar particle size,the better the improvement of the soil carbon pool management index,and the T4 had a significant increase in the soil carbon pool management index.In summary,the smaller the biochar particle size,the better the soil bulk density,field water holding capacity and agglomerate structure improvement.At the same time,the soil organic carbon activity and carbon pool management index of small particle size biochar application are better than the conventional particle size biochar.It is more conducive to improving fertility and improving soil quality.
In order to explore the effects of biochar with different particle sizes on soil physical properties and soil carbon pool,five biochar particle size levels were set up with pot experiment:CK(no biochar),T1(500 ～ 2 000 μm),T2(250 ～ 500 μm),T3(20 ～ 250 μm),T4(<20 μm).The results showed that:(1)All biochar with different particle sizes significantly reduced soil bulk density,with the largest decrease by 4.13% in T4.(2)Different particle sizes of biochar significantly increased the field water holding capacity(WHC),and the increase rate was T4>T3>T2>T1,but the difference between biochar treatments was not significant.(3)The application of biochar significantly increased the water-stable aggregate WMD,which was the highest with T4 treatment,but the difference between T4,T3 and T2 treatment was not significant.(4)The soil total organic carbon,dissolved organic carbon and readily oxidized organic carbon in the soil treated with biochar were significantly higher than those of CK.The conventional biochar had significantly increased soil MBC content in the early stage of flue-cured tobacco growth,reduced soil MBC content in later stage.(5)The smaller the biochar particle size,the better the improvement of the soil carbon pool management index,and the T4 had a significant increase in the soil carbon pool management index.In summary,the smaller the biochar particle size,the better the soil bulk density,field water holding capacity and agglomerate structure improvement.At the same time,the soil organic carbon activity and carbon pool management index of small particle size biochar application are better than the conventional particle size biochar.It is more conducive to improving fertility and improving soil quality.
引文
[1]陈泮勤,黄耀,于贵瑞.地球系统碳循环[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[2]Dlxon R K,Solomon A M,Brown S,et al.Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems[J].Science,1994,263(5144):185-190.
[3]罗梅,田冬,高明,等.紫色土壤有机碳活性组分对生物炭施用量的响应[J].环境科学,2018,(9):1-14.
[4]李有兵,把余玲,李硕,等.作物残体与其生物炭配施对土壤有机碳及其自身矿化率的提升[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):943-950.
[5]张瑞,张贵龙,姬艳艳,等.不同施肥措施对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):277-282.
[6]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517.
[7]Colantoni A,Evic N,Lord R,et al.Characterization of biochars produced from pyrolysis of pelletized agricultural residues[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,64:187-194.
[8]Jin J,Kang M,Sun K,et al.Properties of biochar-amended soils and their sorption of imidacloprid,isoproturon,and atrazine[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,550:504-513.
[9]Ren X,Sun H,Wang F,et al.The changes in biochar properties and sorption capacities after being cultured with wheat for 3 months[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:2257-2263.
[10]Han Y,Cao X,Ouyang X,et al.Adsorption kinetics of magnetic biochar derived from peanut hull on removal of Cr(VI)from aqueous solution:Effects of production conditions and particle size[J].Chemosphere,2016,145:336-341.
[11]Batjes N H.Mitigation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations by increased carbon sequestration in the soil[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,1998,27(3):230-235.
[12]Goldberg E D.Black carbon in the environment:properties and distribution[M].New York:Jokn Wiley,1985.
[13]张伟明.生物炭的理化性质及其在作物生产上的应用[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
[14]Lemus R,Lal R.Bioenergy crops and carbon sequestration[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2005,24(1):1-21.
[15]Lehmann J.A handful of carbon[J].Nature,2007,447(7141):143-144.
[16]Asai H,Samson B K,Stephan H M,et al.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos:1.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1):81-84.
[17]Xu X,Kan Y,Zhao L,et al.Chemical transformation of CO2 during its capture by waste biomass derived biochars[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,213:533-540.
[18]Subedi R,Taupe N,Pelissetti S,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions and soil properties following amendment with manurederived biochars:Influence of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,166:73-83.
[19]单瑞峰,宋俊瑶,邓若男,等.不同类型生物炭理化特性及其对土壤持水性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):63-68.
[20]简敏菲,高凯芳,余厚平.不同裂解温度对水稻秸秆制备生物炭及其特性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1757-1765.
[21]祁乐,郭晓敏,牛海东,等.生物炭施用量对紫色水稻土温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2351-2359.
[22]南京大学.土壤农化分析[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[23]江培福,雷廷武,刘晓辉,等.用毛细吸渗原理快速测量土壤田间持水量的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):1-5.
[24]吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.
[25]韩玮,申双和,谢祖彬,等.生物炭及秸秆对水稻土各密度组分有机碳及微生物的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5838-5846.
[26]陆畅,徐畅,黄容,等.秸秆和生物炭对油菜-玉米轮作下紫色土有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].草业科学,2018,35(3):482-490.
[27]黎嘉成,高明,田冬,等.秸秆及生物炭还田对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(5):39-50.
[28]徐明岗,于荣,孙小凤,等.长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):459-465.
[29]张明月.生物炭对土壤性质及作物生长的影响研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[30]李金文,顾凯,唐朝生,等.生物炭对土体物理化学性质影响的研究进展[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2018,52(1):192-206.
[31]陈超,李娟,李劲彬.生物炭和秸秆施用对复配土壤物理性状及团粒结构的影响[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2017,2(2):36-40,49.
[32]Kinney T J,Masiello C A,Dugan B,et al.Hydrologic properties of biochars produced at different temperatures[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2012,41(5):34-43.
[33]颜永毫,郑纪勇,张兴昌,等.生物炭添加对黄土高原典型土壤田间持水量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):120-124,190.
[34]Lehmann J,Joseph S.Biochar for environmental management(2nd edition)[M].London:Earthscan Publications Ltd,2015.
[35]Suliman W,Harsh J B,Abu-Lail N I,et al.The role of biochar porosity and surface functionality in augmenting hydrologic properties of a sandy soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,574:139-147.
[36]赵红,袁培民,吕贻忠,等.施用有机肥对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(2):306-311.
[37]Eynard A,Schumacher T E,Lindstrom M J,et al.Aggregate sizes and stability in cultivated South Dakota Prairie Ustolls and Usterts[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(4):1360-1365.
[38]姬强.不同耕作措施和外源碳输入对土壤结构和有机碳库的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[39]叶丽丽,王翠红,周虎,等.添加生物质黑炭对红壤结构稳定性的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(1):62-66.
[40]魏明月,云菲,刘国顺,等.不同光环境下烟草光合特性及同化产物的积累与分配机制[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):159-168.
[41]王梦雅,符云鹏,黄婷婷,等.等碳量添加不同有机物料对土壤有机碳组分及土壤呼吸的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2018,24(2):65-73.
[42]叶协锋,周涵君,李志鹏,等.生物炭类型对植烟土壤碳库及烤后烟叶质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2018,24(1):77-86.
[43]Dempster D N,Gleeson D B,Solaiman Z M,et al.Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil[J].Plant&Soil,2012,354(1-2):311-324.
[44]Obia A,Mulder J,Martinsen V,et al.In situ effects of biochar on aggregation,water retention and porosity in light-textured tropical soils[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2015,155:35-44.
[45]Belyaeva O N,Haynes R J.Comparison of the effects of conventional organic amendments and biochar on the chemical,physical and microbial properties of coal fly ash as a plant growth medium[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,66(7):1987-1997.
[46]Steinbeiss S,Gleixner G,Antonietti M.Effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon balance and soil microbial activity[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1301-1310.
[47]Samonin V V,Elikova E E.A study of the adsorption of bacterial cells on porous materials[J].Microbiology,2004,73(6):696-701.
[48]章明奎,顾国平,王阳.生物质炭在土壤中的降解特征[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2012,38(3):329-335.
[2]Dlxon R K,Solomon A M,Brown S,et al.Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems[J].Science,1994,263(5144):185-190.
[3]罗梅,田冬,高明,等.紫色土壤有机碳活性组分对生物炭施用量的响应[J].环境科学,2018,(9):1-14.
[4]李有兵,把余玲,李硕,等.作物残体与其生物炭配施对土壤有机碳及其自身矿化率的提升[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):943-950.
[5]张瑞,张贵龙,姬艳艳,等.不同施肥措施对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):277-282.
[6]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517.
[7]Colantoni A,Evic N,Lord R,et al.Characterization of biochars produced from pyrolysis of pelletized agricultural residues[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,64:187-194.
[8]Jin J,Kang M,Sun K,et al.Properties of biochar-amended soils and their sorption of imidacloprid,isoproturon,and atrazine[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,550:504-513.
[9]Ren X,Sun H,Wang F,et al.The changes in biochar properties and sorption capacities after being cultured with wheat for 3 months[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:2257-2263.
[10]Han Y,Cao X,Ouyang X,et al.Adsorption kinetics of magnetic biochar derived from peanut hull on removal of Cr(VI)from aqueous solution:Effects of production conditions and particle size[J].Chemosphere,2016,145:336-341.
[11]Batjes N H.Mitigation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations by increased carbon sequestration in the soil[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,1998,27(3):230-235.
[12]Goldberg E D.Black carbon in the environment:properties and distribution[M].New York:Jokn Wiley,1985.
[13]张伟明.生物炭的理化性质及其在作物生产上的应用[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
[14]Lemus R,Lal R.Bioenergy crops and carbon sequestration[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2005,24(1):1-21.
[15]Lehmann J.A handful of carbon[J].Nature,2007,447(7141):143-144.
[16]Asai H,Samson B K,Stephan H M,et al.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos:1.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1):81-84.
[17]Xu X,Kan Y,Zhao L,et al.Chemical transformation of CO2 during its capture by waste biomass derived biochars[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,213:533-540.
[18]Subedi R,Taupe N,Pelissetti S,et al.Greenhouse gas emissions and soil properties following amendment with manurederived biochars:Influence of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,166:73-83.
[19]单瑞峰,宋俊瑶,邓若男,等.不同类型生物炭理化特性及其对土壤持水性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):63-68.
[20]简敏菲,高凯芳,余厚平.不同裂解温度对水稻秸秆制备生物炭及其特性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1757-1765.
[21]祁乐,郭晓敏,牛海东,等.生物炭施用量对紫色水稻土温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2351-2359.
[22]南京大学.土壤农化分析[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[23]江培福,雷廷武,刘晓辉,等.用毛细吸渗原理快速测量土壤田间持水量的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):1-5.
[24]吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.
[25]韩玮,申双和,谢祖彬,等.生物炭及秸秆对水稻土各密度组分有机碳及微生物的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5838-5846.
[26]陆畅,徐畅,黄容,等.秸秆和生物炭对油菜-玉米轮作下紫色土有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].草业科学,2018,35(3):482-490.
[27]黎嘉成,高明,田冬,等.秸秆及生物炭还田对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(5):39-50.
[28]徐明岗,于荣,孙小凤,等.长期施肥对我国典型土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):459-465.
[29]张明月.生物炭对土壤性质及作物生长的影响研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[30]李金文,顾凯,唐朝生,等.生物炭对土体物理化学性质影响的研究进展[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2018,52(1):192-206.
[31]陈超,李娟,李劲彬.生物炭和秸秆施用对复配土壤物理性状及团粒结构的影响[J].西部大开发(土地开发工程研究),2017,2(2):36-40,49.
[32]Kinney T J,Masiello C A,Dugan B,et al.Hydrologic properties of biochars produced at different temperatures[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2012,41(5):34-43.
[33]颜永毫,郑纪勇,张兴昌,等.生物炭添加对黄土高原典型土壤田间持水量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):120-124,190.
[34]Lehmann J,Joseph S.Biochar for environmental management(2nd edition)[M].London:Earthscan Publications Ltd,2015.
[35]Suliman W,Harsh J B,Abu-Lail N I,et al.The role of biochar porosity and surface functionality in augmenting hydrologic properties of a sandy soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,574:139-147.
[36]赵红,袁培民,吕贻忠,等.施用有机肥对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].土壤,2011,43(2):306-311.
[37]Eynard A,Schumacher T E,Lindstrom M J,et al.Aggregate sizes and stability in cultivated South Dakota Prairie Ustolls and Usterts[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2004,68(4):1360-1365.
[38]姬强.不同耕作措施和外源碳输入对土壤结构和有机碳库的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[39]叶丽丽,王翠红,周虎,等.添加生物质黑炭对红壤结构稳定性的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(1):62-66.
[40]魏明月,云菲,刘国顺,等.不同光环境下烟草光合特性及同化产物的积累与分配机制[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):159-168.
[41]王梦雅,符云鹏,黄婷婷,等.等碳量添加不同有机物料对土壤有机碳组分及土壤呼吸的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2018,24(2):65-73.
[42]叶协锋,周涵君,李志鹏,等.生物炭类型对植烟土壤碳库及烤后烟叶质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2018,24(1):77-86.
[43]Dempster D N,Gleeson D B,Solaiman Z M,et al.Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil[J].Plant&Soil,2012,354(1-2):311-324.
[44]Obia A,Mulder J,Martinsen V,et al.In situ effects of biochar on aggregation,water retention and porosity in light-textured tropical soils[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2015,155:35-44.
[45]Belyaeva O N,Haynes R J.Comparison of the effects of conventional organic amendments and biochar on the chemical,physical and microbial properties of coal fly ash as a plant growth medium[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,66(7):1987-1997.
[46]Steinbeiss S,Gleixner G,Antonietti M.Effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon balance and soil microbial activity[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1301-1310.
[47]Samonin V V,Elikova E E.A study of the adsorption of bacterial cells on porous materials[J].Microbiology,2004,73(6):696-701.
[48]章明奎,顾国平,王阳.生物质炭在土壤中的降解特征[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2012,38(3):329-335.
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