‘泡桐1201’幼苗对钠盐胁迫的生理响应
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摘要
探讨‘泡桐1201’幼苗对盐胁迫的应答机制,为选育耐盐碱性作物,大力推广该树种提供科学依据。以30 d ‘泡桐1201’幼苗为材料,设置5组不同浓度梯度的盐胁迫处理,分析幼苗生理状况,通过测定幼苗的株高和主根长,植株根、茎、叶的鲜质量和干质量,叶片的叶绿素质量分数,叶和根的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及根系Na~+、K~+、H~+和Ca~(2+)的流速等指标,分析其生理方面、抗氧化系统以及离子流方面对盐胁迫的响应。结果表明,随着盐胁迫浓度增加,‘泡桐1201’幼苗生长受到的抑制增强,根长、株高、鲜质量和干质量均逐渐下降,地上部和地下部生物量均呈下降趋势。SOD活性、POD活性和CAT活性均先升高后降低,SOD活性和CAT活性变化趋势一致,均在100 mmol·L~(-1)时达到最大值;叶绿素质量分数呈现逐渐减少趋势。随着盐胁迫浓度的增大,根系Na~+外排速率先增大后减小,在100 mmol·L~(-1)达到最大值,以此来维持植物细胞的离子平衡,降低盐胁迫对植物的危害。K~+流速均表现为外排,外排速率随着盐胁迫浓度增加而增大。H~+主要表现为内流,并且随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,内流速率先增加后减小。Ca~(2+)流速均表现为内流,并且随着盐胁迫浓度增大流速增大。盐胁迫导致‘泡桐1201’幼苗株高、主根长、根茎叶的干质量和鲜质量受到抑制;‘泡桐1201’幼苗在盐浓度为0～50 mmol·L~(-1)胁迫下能够正常生长,在200 mmol·L~(-1)甚至出现致死的情况。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of ‘Paulownia 1201' seedlings to salt stress,and provide a scientific basis for the selection and promotion of salt-tolerant paulownia. In this experiment,30 d-aged‘P.1201' seedlings were used as materials,and five gradients of salt concentration were set up to analyze the physiological indexes of seedlings. We determined main root length,the fresh massand dry massof root,the plant height and main root length of stems,the fresh massof stems and leaves,the chlorophyll mass fraction in leaves and the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and peroxidase(POD) activity,malondialdehyde(MDA) mass molality,catalase(CAT) activity in leaves and roots. The activity and the flow rate of Na~+,K~+,H~+ and Ca~(2+) in roots were used to analyze the response of salt stress on the aspects of physiology,antioxidant system and ion current. The results showed that with the increase of salt concentrations,the growth of‘P.1201' seedlings was inhibited gradually,characterized by the decrease of the root length,plant height,fresh/dry mass,and the biomass of aboveground and underground parts. Activities of SOD,POD and CAT enzyme increased first and then decreased,and the activities of SOD and CAT reached the maximum at salt concentration of 100 mmol·L~(-1). The chlorophyll mass fraction showed a gradual decrease. With the increase of salt concentration,the Na~+ efflux rate in roots first increased and then decreased,and reached the maximum at salt concentration of 100 mmol·L~(-1),thereby maintaining the ion balance of plant cells and reducing the salt stress on plants. The K~+ flow rate was expressed as efflux,and the efflux rate increased with the concentration of salt stress. The H~+ experimental group mainly showed influx,and with the increase of salt stress concentration,the influx rate increased first and then decreased. The Ca~(2+) flow rate was manifested as an inflow,and the flow rate decreased as the salt concentration increased. Salt stress inhibited plant height,main root length,dry mass and fresh mass of‘P.1201'seedlings;‘P.1201' seedlings grew normally under 0-50 mmol·L~(-1) salt stress,but appeared fatal symptoms at 200 mmol·L ~(-1).
The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of ‘Paulownia 1201' seedlings to salt stress,and provide a scientific basis for the selection and promotion of salt-tolerant paulownia. In this experiment,30 d-aged‘P.1201' seedlings were used as materials,and five gradients of salt concentration were set up to analyze the physiological indexes of seedlings. We determined main root length,the fresh massand dry massof root,the plant height and main root length of stems,the fresh massof stems and leaves,the chlorophyll mass fraction in leaves and the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and peroxidase(POD) activity,malondialdehyde(MDA) mass molality,catalase(CAT) activity in leaves and roots. The activity and the flow rate of Na~+,K~+,H~+ and Ca~(2+) in roots were used to analyze the response of salt stress on the aspects of physiology,antioxidant system and ion current. The results showed that with the increase of salt concentrations,the growth of‘P.1201' seedlings was inhibited gradually,characterized by the decrease of the root length,plant height,fresh/dry mass,and the biomass of aboveground and underground parts. Activities of SOD,POD and CAT enzyme increased first and then decreased,and the activities of SOD and CAT reached the maximum at salt concentration of 100 mmol·L~(-1). The chlorophyll mass fraction showed a gradual decrease. With the increase of salt concentration,the Na~+ efflux rate in roots first increased and then decreased,and reached the maximum at salt concentration of 100 mmol·L~(-1),thereby maintaining the ion balance of plant cells and reducing the salt stress on plants. The K~+ flow rate was expressed as efflux,and the efflux rate increased with the concentration of salt stress. The H~+ experimental group mainly showed influx,and with the increase of salt stress concentration,the influx rate increased first and then decreased. The Ca~(2+) flow rate was manifested as an inflow,and the flow rate decreased as the salt concentration increased. Salt stress inhibited plant height,main root length,dry mass and fresh mass of‘P.1201'seedlings;‘P.1201' seedlings grew normally under 0-50 mmol·L~(-1) salt stress,but appeared fatal symptoms at 200 mmol·L ~(-1).
引文
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[2] 蔡晓锋,胡体旭,叶杰,等.植物盐胁迫抗性的分子机制研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(3):134-141. CAI X F,HU T X,YE J,et al.Advances in molecular mechanisms of plant salt stress resistance[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2015,34(3):134-141.
[3] DEINLEIN U,STEPHAN A B,HORIE T,et al.Plant salt-tolerance mechanisms[J].Trends in Plant Science,2014,19(6):371-379.
[4] 张金林,李惠茹,郭姝媛,等.高等植物适应盐逆境研究进展[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):220-236. ZHANG J L,LI H R,GUO SH Y,et al.Advances in research on adaptation of higher plants to salt stress[J].Acta Pratacultura Sinica,2015,24(12):220-236.
[5] HAN L,LIU H,YU S,et al.Potential application of oat for phytoremediation of salt ions in coastal saline-alkali soil [J].Ecological Engineering,2013,61:274-281.
[6] 刘正祥.沙枣对氯化钠和硫酸钠胁迫差异性响应的生理机制[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013. LIU ZH X.Physiological mechanism of the differential response of Elaeagnus angustifolia to sodium chloride and sodium sulfate stress [D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2013.
[7] PAKSOY M,TüRKMEN,DURSUN A.Effects of potassium and humic acid on emergence,growth and nutrient contents of okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seedling under saline soil conditions[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2010,9(33):5343-5346.
[8] 邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:163-169. ZOU Q.Experimental Guidance on Plant Physiology [M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000:163-169.
[9] 李合生.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:134-263. LI H SH.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Tests[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:134-263.
[10] 张志良,瞿伟青.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:71-78. ZHANG ZH L,QU W Q.Experimental Guidance on Plant Physiology [M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002:71-78.
[11] XU Q ZH,HUANG B R.Antioxidant metabolism associated with summer leaf senescence and turf quality decline for creeping bentgrass[J].Crop Science,2004,44(2):553-560.
[12] 赵亚华.生物化学试验技术教程[M].广州:中南大学技术出版社,2000:151-154. ZHAO Y H.Biochemical Experiment Technology Course [M].Guangzhou:Central South University Technology Press,2000:151-154.
[13] XU Y,SUN T,YIN L P.Application of non-invasive micro sensing system to simultaneously measure both H+ and O2 fluxes around the pollen tube[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2006,48(7):823-831.
[14] 薛焱,王迎春,王同智.濒危植物长叶红砂适应盐胁迫的生理生化机制研究[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(1):136-142. XUE Y,WANG Y CH,WANG T ZH.Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of endangered plant Reaumuria trigyna Maxim.under salt stress[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2012,32(1):136-142.
[15] 翁锦周,林江波,林加耕,等.盐胁迫对桉树幼苗的生长及叶绿素含量的影响[J].热带作物学报,2007,28(4):15-20. WENG J ZH,LIN J B,LIN J G,et al.Effects of salt stress on the growth and chlorophyll content of Eucalyptus robusta Smith seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2007,28(4):15-20.
[16] 吴永波,叶波.高温干旱复合胁迫对构树幼苗抗氧化酶活性和活性氧代谢的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(2):403-410. WU Y B,YE B.Effects of high temperature and drought stress on antioxidant enzyme activities and reactive oxygen metabolism in Broussonetia papyrifera seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(2):403-410.
[17] 王家源.苦楝种苗耐盐胁迫的生理响应机制研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013. WANG J Y.Physiological response mechanism of Melia azedarach Linn seedlings to salt stress [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013.
[18] 汪月霞,孙国荣,王建波,等.NaCl胁迫下星星草幼苗MDA含量与膜透性及叶绿素荧光参数之间的关系[J].生态学报,2006,26(1):122-129. WANG Y X,SUN G R,WANG J B,et al.Relationship between MDA content and membrane permeability and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Puccinellia tenuiflora seedlings under NaCl stress[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(1):122-129.
[19] 王凤德,衣艳君,王海庆,等.豌豆过氧化氢酶在烟草叶绿体中的过量表达提高了植物的抗逆性[J].生态学报,2009,31(4):1058-1063. WANG F D,YI Y J,WANG H Q,et al.Overexpression of Pisum sativum L in tobacco chloroplasts increased plant stress resistance [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,31(4):1058-1063.
[20] 高红明,吴晓霞,张彪,等.Na2CO3胁迫下星星草幼苗活性氧及保护酶活性的变化[J].植物研究,2006,26(3):308-312. GAO H G,WU X X,ZHANG B,et al.Changes of active oxygen and protective enzyme activities of Puccinellia tenuiflora seedlings under Na2CO3 stress [J].Plant Research,2006,26(3),308-312.
[21] KHAN M H,PANDA S K.Induction of oxidative stress in roots of Oryza sativa L.in response to salt stress[J].Biologia Plantarum,2002,45(4):625-627.
[22] QADIR M,SHAMS M.Some agronomic and physiological aspects of salt tolerance in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)[J].Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science,2010,179(2):101-106.
[23] 王臣,虞木奎,王宗星,等.9个楸树无性系对盐胁迫的差异响应[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(2):20-24. WANG CH,YU M K,WANG Z X,et al.Differential responses to salt stress of nine clones of Catalpa bungei [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2011,35(2):20-24.
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