作物茬口对植烟土壤养分及烤烟产量的影响
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摘要
在大田条件下,研究了玉米、甘薯、大豆、烟草4种作物茬口对植烟土壤养分及烟草产量、产值的影响。结果表明,4种作物茬口的土壤容重以烟草茬较高、玉米茬最低;土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量则表现为玉米茬>烟草茬>豆茬、甘薯茬;烟叶产量则以玉米茬、豆茬较高,烟草茬最低;产值则以甘薯茬、豆茬较高,烟草茬最低。因此,豫西烟区以甘薯茬、豆茬作为烟草的前茬较为适宜。
Under the field conditions,the experiment was conducted to study the effects of crop rotation of maize,sweet potato,soybean and tobacco on soil nutrient,yield and output value of tobacco. The results showed that,among four preceding crops,the soil unit weight was higher in the field planted tobacco as preceding crop,and the lowest in the field planted maize as preceding crop. The content of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were the highest in the field planted maize as preceding crop,and then sequentially followed by tobacco,soybean and sweet potato. The tobacco yield was higher in the field planted maize or soybean as preceding crop,and was the lowest in the field planted tobacco as preceding crop. The output value of tobacco was higher in the field planted sweet potato or soybean as preceding crop,and was the lowest in the field planted tobacco as preceding crop. Therefore,sweet potato and soybean were suitable for planting as preceding crop of tobacco in western Henan area.
Under the field conditions,the experiment was conducted to study the effects of crop rotation of maize,sweet potato,soybean and tobacco on soil nutrient,yield and output value of tobacco. The results showed that,among four preceding crops,the soil unit weight was higher in the field planted tobacco as preceding crop,and the lowest in the field planted maize as preceding crop. The content of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were the highest in the field planted maize as preceding crop,and then sequentially followed by tobacco,soybean and sweet potato. The tobacco yield was higher in the field planted maize or soybean as preceding crop,and was the lowest in the field planted tobacco as preceding crop. The output value of tobacco was higher in the field planted sweet potato or soybean as preceding crop,and was the lowest in the field planted tobacco as preceding crop. Therefore,sweet potato and soybean were suitable for planting as preceding crop of tobacco in western Henan area.
引文
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[2]李军.农作学[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:93-100.
[3]陈晓慧,郭双,刘国顺,等.不同作物茬口对烟草大田农艺性状及烟草品质的影响[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2014,27(1):47-51.
[4]王欣英,李文庆,张兴海,等.前茬作物营养对烟草生长和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2006(2):42-46.
[5]薛庆喜.不同作物茬口与施肥对连作大豆产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(5):830-835.
[6]薛庆喜,杨思平,张玉春,等.不同作物茬口对连作大豆产量及农艺性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(1):72-75.
[7]唐江华,徐文修,王娇,等.作物茬口对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J]西北农业学报,2013,22(11):42-46.
[8]PATTERSON DT.Effects of allelopathic chemicals on growth physiological responses of soybean[J].Weed Science,1981,29(1):53-58.
[9]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[10]曹志洪.优质烤烟生产的土壤与施肥[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1991:17-27.
[11]陆欣.土壤肥料学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004:41-57.
[12]黄建国.植物营养学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004:106-123.
[13]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:117.
[14]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:144.
[15]曹敏建.耕作学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:143.
[16]徐文修,罗明,李银平,等.作物茬口对连作棉田土壤环境及棉花产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):271-275.
[17]张翔,范艺宽,黄元炯,等.河南省不同茬口烟田土壤养分状况评价[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(6):31-35.
[18]江凯,李彰,王闷灵,等.洛阳基本烟田不同茬口土壤特征分析[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(12):25-30.
[19]陈彦春,卜婷,赵遂生,等.作物茬口对土壤酶活性及烟叶化学成分的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(4):47-50.
[20]王欣英.前茬作物玉米和甘薯对烟草的轮作效应及其机理的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.
[21]宇万太,马强,张璐,等.不同施肥制度下茬口对作物产量增益、土壤养分状况及施肥贡献率的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(11):1798-1803.