松嫩平原苏打盐碱地羊草人工移栽草地生物多样性特征和生物量
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摘要
为探明羊草(Leymus chinensis)移栽对松嫩平原盐碱草地生物多样性和生产力的影响,通过对比方法开展羊草移栽试验。结果表明:羊草移栽提高了草地群落的植物种类和密度,羊草移栽处理下植物总密度为566.20株·m~(-2),是对照(82.60株·m~(-2))的6.85倍,处理间差异显著(P<0.05);羊草移栽处理Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalf物种丰富度指数均高于对照,提高了群落生物多样性;除此之外,羊草移栽处理植物地上总生物量为357.77g·m~(-2),是对照(167.34g·m~(-2))的2.14倍,处理间差异显著(P<0.05),说明移栽羊草提高了植物群落的生产力,进而大大增加了草地产出效益,羊草移栽处理总收入为3 938.00元·hm~(-2),是对照(534.40元·hm~(-2))的7.37倍,处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。羊草移栽技术能够在提高系统生物多样性的同时,实现生产经济效益的倍增,是一项值得在松嫩平原西部盐碱化地区推广应用的技术模式。
In order to explore the effect of Leymus chinensis transplanting on the biodiversity and productivity of saline alkali grassland in Songnen Plain,a comparative experiment was conducted in the transplanting Leymus chinensis grassland.The results showed that the transplanting of Leymus chinensis enhanced plant species and the density of the grassland community.The total plant density under the transplanting of Leymus chinensis was 566.20 plant· m~(-2),6.85 times as much as that in the control(82.60 plant·m~(-2)),and the difference between the treatments was significant(P<0.05),and the transplanting of Leymus chinensis increased the diversity index of Shannon-Wiener,the evenness index of Pielou and the richness of Margalf species.The total biomass of the community was higher than that in the control.In addition,the total biomass of the transplanting of Leymus chinensis was 357.77 g· m~(-2),2.14 times as much as that in the control(167.34 g·m~(-2)),and the difference between the treatments was significant(P<0.05),which indicated that the transplanting Leymus chinensis increased the productivity of the plant community,and greatly increased the grassland output benefit,The total income was 3938.00 yuan·hm~(-2) for the transplanting of Leymus chinensis,7.37 times higher than that in the control(534.40 yuan·hm~(-2)),and the difference between treatments was very significant(P<0.01).Transplanting tech-nology of Leymus chinensis not only improved the biodiversity of the system,but also doubly increased the biomass and economic benefits,So it was a technical model which was worth of popularizing and applying in the saline alkali area of the Western Songnen Plain.
In order to explore the effect of Leymus chinensis transplanting on the biodiversity and productivity of saline alkali grassland in Songnen Plain,a comparative experiment was conducted in the transplanting Leymus chinensis grassland.The results showed that the transplanting of Leymus chinensis enhanced plant species and the density of the grassland community.The total plant density under the transplanting of Leymus chinensis was 566.20 plant· m~(-2),6.85 times as much as that in the control(82.60 plant·m~(-2)),and the difference between the treatments was significant(P<0.05),and the transplanting of Leymus chinensis increased the diversity index of Shannon-Wiener,the evenness index of Pielou and the richness of Margalf species.The total biomass of the community was higher than that in the control.In addition,the total biomass of the transplanting of Leymus chinensis was 357.77 g· m~(-2),2.14 times as much as that in the control(167.34 g·m~(-2)),and the difference between the treatments was significant(P<0.05),which indicated that the transplanting Leymus chinensis increased the productivity of the plant community,and greatly increased the grassland output benefit,The total income was 3938.00 yuan·hm~(-2) for the transplanting of Leymus chinensis,7.37 times higher than that in the control(534.40 yuan·hm~(-2)),and the difference between treatments was very significant(P<0.01).Transplanting tech-nology of Leymus chinensis not only improved the biodiversity of the system,but also doubly increased the biomass and economic benefits,So it was a technical model which was worth of popularizing and applying in the saline alkali area of the Western Songnen Plain.
引文
[1]马红媛,梁正伟,吕丙盛,等.松嫩碱化草甸土壤种子库格局、动态研究进展[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4261-4269
[2]梁正伟,王志春,马红媛,等.利用耐逆植物改良松嫩平原高pH盐碱土研究进展[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(4):517-528
[3]Wang Li,Seki katsutoshi,Miyazaki T.The causes of soil alkalinization in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China[J].Paddy Water Environ,2009,7:259-270
[4]Liu S H,Kang Y H,Wan S Q,et al.Water and salt regulation and its effects on Leymus chinensis growth under dripIrrigationin saline-sodic soils of the Songnen Plain[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,98:1469-1476
[5]曲国辉,郭继勋.松嫩平原不同演替阶段植物群落和土壤特性的关系[J].草业学报,2003,12(1):18-22
[6]蔺吉祥,曹明,齐明明,等.松嫩草地不同成熟度羊草种子对盐碱胁迫的发芽响应[J].草地学报,2015,23(5):997-1001
[7]蔺吉祥.松嫩草地羊草种子发育过程、休眠特性及与盐碱耐性关系的研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2012
[8]张为政.松嫩平原羊草草地植被退化与土壤盐渍化的关系[J].植物生态学报1994,18(1):50-55
[9]巴雷.松嫩草地羊草与其主要伴生种竞争与共存研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2005
[10]赵玉晶,白云鹏,韩大勇,等.松嫩平原环境破碎化后羊草斑块植物组成多样性的空间变化[J].草地学报,2008,16(2):158-163
[11]关法春.不同措施对重度苏打盐碱地改良效果的研究[D].吉林:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,2009
[12]黄立华,梁正伟.不同叶龄及灌水方式对重度盐碱地羊草移栽成活率的影响[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(2):32-36
[13]Liu G X,Han J G.Seedling establishment of wild and cultivated Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.Under different seeding depths[J].Arid Environ,2007,72:279-284
[14]马红媛,梁正伟,王明明,等.NaCl胁迫对四种禾本科牧草种子萌发的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(7):1229-1233
[15]蔺吉祥,盛后财,邵帅,等.松嫩草地不同成熟度羊草种子对土壤埋深的生态响应[J].草地学报,2014,22(1):52-56
[16]王国宏,任继周,张自和.河西山地绿洲荒漠植物群落多样性研究Ⅱ.放牧扰动下草地多样性的变化特征[J].草业学报,2002,11(1):31-37
[17]Ma H Y,Yang H Y,Liang Z W,et al.Effects of 10-year management regimes on the soil seed bank in saline-alkaline grassland[J].PLOS ONE,2015,10(4):1-17
[18]黄立华,梁正伟,马红媛.移栽羊草在不同pH土壤上的生长反应及主要生理变化[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(3):42-47
[19]韩龙,郭彦军,韩建国,等.不同刈割强度下羊草草甸草原生物量与植物群落多样性研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(3):70-75
[20]范高华,神祥金,李强,等.松嫩草地草本植物生物多样性:物种多样性和功能群多样性[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3205-3214
[21]马红媛,梁正伟.不同pH值土壤及其浸提液对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].植物学通报,2007,24(2):181-188
[22]王军峰,沙志鹏,关法春,等.移栽措施对西藏退化草地生物量和植物多样性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(1):103-109
[23]黄小荣.广西马尾松林植物功能多样性与生产力的关系[J].生物多样性,2018,26(7):690-700
[24]祝廷成.羊草生物生态学[M].长春:吉林科技出版社,2004
[25]鞠晓峰,李国良,杜广明,等.盐碱胁迫对非常规草坪草羊草和虎尾草生理生态特性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(11):155-160
[26]张义飞,王平,毕琪,等.不同强度盐碱胁迫下AM真菌对羊草生长的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):5467-5476
[27]马红媛,吕丙盛,杨昊谕,等.松嫩平原退化草地羊草种子萌发对环境因子的响应[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(8):812-818
[28]黄立华,梁正伟,马红媛,等.直播羊草在不同pH土壤环境下的生物学特性和生理反应[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(7):1084-1088
[2]梁正伟,王志春,马红媛,等.利用耐逆植物改良松嫩平原高pH盐碱土研究进展[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(4):517-528
[3]Wang Li,Seki katsutoshi,Miyazaki T.The causes of soil alkalinization in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China[J].Paddy Water Environ,2009,7:259-270
[4]Liu S H,Kang Y H,Wan S Q,et al.Water and salt regulation and its effects on Leymus chinensis growth under dripIrrigationin saline-sodic soils of the Songnen Plain[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,98:1469-1476
[5]曲国辉,郭继勋.松嫩平原不同演替阶段植物群落和土壤特性的关系[J].草业学报,2003,12(1):18-22
[6]蔺吉祥,曹明,齐明明,等.松嫩草地不同成熟度羊草种子对盐碱胁迫的发芽响应[J].草地学报,2015,23(5):997-1001
[7]蔺吉祥.松嫩草地羊草种子发育过程、休眠特性及与盐碱耐性关系的研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2012
[8]张为政.松嫩平原羊草草地植被退化与土壤盐渍化的关系[J].植物生态学报1994,18(1):50-55
[9]巴雷.松嫩草地羊草与其主要伴生种竞争与共存研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2005
[10]赵玉晶,白云鹏,韩大勇,等.松嫩平原环境破碎化后羊草斑块植物组成多样性的空间变化[J].草地学报,2008,16(2):158-163
[11]关法春.不同措施对重度苏打盐碱地改良效果的研究[D].吉林:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,2009
[12]黄立华,梁正伟.不同叶龄及灌水方式对重度盐碱地羊草移栽成活率的影响[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(2):32-36
[13]Liu G X,Han J G.Seedling establishment of wild and cultivated Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.Under different seeding depths[J].Arid Environ,2007,72:279-284
[14]马红媛,梁正伟,王明明,等.NaCl胁迫对四种禾本科牧草种子萌发的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(7):1229-1233
[15]蔺吉祥,盛后财,邵帅,等.松嫩草地不同成熟度羊草种子对土壤埋深的生态响应[J].草地学报,2014,22(1):52-56
[16]王国宏,任继周,张自和.河西山地绿洲荒漠植物群落多样性研究Ⅱ.放牧扰动下草地多样性的变化特征[J].草业学报,2002,11(1):31-37
[17]Ma H Y,Yang H Y,Liang Z W,et al.Effects of 10-year management regimes on the soil seed bank in saline-alkaline grassland[J].PLOS ONE,2015,10(4):1-17
[18]黄立华,梁正伟,马红媛.移栽羊草在不同pH土壤上的生长反应及主要生理变化[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(3):42-47
[19]韩龙,郭彦军,韩建国,等.不同刈割强度下羊草草甸草原生物量与植物群落多样性研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(3):70-75
[20]范高华,神祥金,李强,等.松嫩草地草本植物生物多样性:物种多样性和功能群多样性[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3205-3214
[21]马红媛,梁正伟.不同pH值土壤及其浸提液对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].植物学通报,2007,24(2):181-188
[22]王军峰,沙志鹏,关法春,等.移栽措施对西藏退化草地生物量和植物多样性的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(1):103-109
[23]黄小荣.广西马尾松林植物功能多样性与生产力的关系[J].生物多样性,2018,26(7):690-700
[24]祝廷成.羊草生物生态学[M].长春:吉林科技出版社,2004
[25]鞠晓峰,李国良,杜广明,等.盐碱胁迫对非常规草坪草羊草和虎尾草生理生态特性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(11):155-160
[26]张义飞,王平,毕琪,等.不同强度盐碱胁迫下AM真菌对羊草生长的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):5467-5476
[27]马红媛,吕丙盛,杨昊谕,等.松嫩平原退化草地羊草种子萌发对环境因子的响应[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(8):812-818
[28]黄立华,梁正伟,马红媛,等.直播羊草在不同pH土壤环境下的生物学特性和生理反应[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(7):1084-1088
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