饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响
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摘要
为评价日粮粗饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响。选择60日龄健康湖羊公羔(22.9±1.2) kg 120只,根据体重相近原则随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只羊,分别以玉米秸秆(CS)、玉米芯(CC)、葵花籽壳(SH)和油菜秸秆(RS)作为粗饲料来源,添加比例均为20%,4组精料配比一致,预试期7 d,正试期70 d。在饲喂的49～55 d,每组选择5只羊采用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,测定干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和氮(N)的表观消化率。试验结束后,每组选择15只羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,提取瘤胃微生物DNA,对瘤胃细菌进行绝对定量。结果显示:1)CS组湖羊干物质采食量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),且末体重和平均日增重显著高于RS组(P<0.05),其他组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)CS和CC组湖羊DM和ADF消化率显著高于RS组(P<0.05),且其OM和NDF消化率显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05);SH组湖羊N消化率显著高于RS组,其ADF消化率与其他3组湖羊差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中白色瘤胃球菌和普雷沃氏菌数量均显著高于RS组(P<0.05),而SH组湖羊瘤胃中两种细菌的数量与其他3组湖羊均无显著差异(P>0.05),CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌数量均显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05),4组湖羊瘤胃中反刍兽新月单胞菌数量差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:相较于葵花籽壳组日粮和油菜秸秆组日粮,玉米秸秆组和玉米芯组日粮不仅可以确保育肥湖羊的生产性能,并且有利于纤维分解菌的生存,可促进纤维素在瘤胃中的降解。
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different dietary roughage sources on apparent feed dry matter digestibility, animal body weight gain, and rumen microflora when finishing Hu lambs. A total of one hundred and twenty male Hu lambs(22.9±1.2 kg), aged 60 days, were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups(each comprising 5 replicates of 6 lambs) of similar average weight and weight range. Each of the 4 treatment groups received one of 4 dietary roughage sources: corn stalk(CS), corn cob(CC), sunflower seed hull(SH) or rapeseed straw(RS). For all 4 groups, the dietary proportion of roughage was 20%, and the concentrate component of the diet was the same. A dietary adjustment period of 7 d occurred prior to the experiment, followed by a formal test period of 70 d. At 49-55 d of the formal test, 5 lambs were selected from each group(1 per replicate) to determine the apparent digestibility of feed dry matter(DM), organic matter(OM), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and nitrogen(N). At the end of the experiment, 15 lambs were selected from each group for slaughter, collection of rumen contents, rumen microbial DNA extraction, and quantification of rumen bacteria species. It was found that: 1) the dry matter intake(DMI) of Hu lambs in the CS group was significantly higher than in the other three groups(P<0.05). The final body weights and the average daily weight gains for the CS group were significantly higher than those of the RS group(P<0.05), but differences among other groups were not significant(P>0.05). 2) The digestibility values of DM and ADF in the CS and CC groups were significantly higher than those in the RS group(P<0.05), while digestibility values of OM and NDF were significantly higher than those of both SH and RS groups(P<0.05). The digestibility of N in the SH group was significantly higher than that in RS group(P<0.05), while ADF digestibility did not differ significantly between groups(P>0.05). 3) The numbers of Ruminococcus albus and Prevotella brevis in rumen fluid of CS and CC groups were significantly higher than for the RS group(P<0.05), while the numbers of those two bacterial species in the SH group were intermediate, and not significantly different from the other groups(P>0.05). The numbers of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes in CS and CC groups were significantly higher than in the SH and RS groups(P<0.05). There was no significant differences among the 4 groups for numbers of Selenomonas ruminantium(P>0.05). These results indicate that, compared with the sunflower seed hull and rapeseed straw diets, corn stalk diet and corn cob diet are more beneficial to the performance Hu lambs, when finishing for slaughter. and were also beneficial for increasing the number of cellulolytic bacteria in rumen fluid, this also promoting cellulose degradation in the rumen.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different dietary roughage sources on apparent feed dry matter digestibility, animal body weight gain, and rumen microflora when finishing Hu lambs. A total of one hundred and twenty male Hu lambs(22.9±1.2 kg), aged 60 days, were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups(each comprising 5 replicates of 6 lambs) of similar average weight and weight range. Each of the 4 treatment groups received one of 4 dietary roughage sources: corn stalk(CS), corn cob(CC), sunflower seed hull(SH) or rapeseed straw(RS). For all 4 groups, the dietary proportion of roughage was 20%, and the concentrate component of the diet was the same. A dietary adjustment period of 7 d occurred prior to the experiment, followed by a formal test period of 70 d. At 49-55 d of the formal test, 5 lambs were selected from each group(1 per replicate) to determine the apparent digestibility of feed dry matter(DM), organic matter(OM), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and nitrogen(N). At the end of the experiment, 15 lambs were selected from each group for slaughter, collection of rumen contents, rumen microbial DNA extraction, and quantification of rumen bacteria species. It was found that: 1) the dry matter intake(DMI) of Hu lambs in the CS group was significantly higher than in the other three groups(P<0.05). The final body weights and the average daily weight gains for the CS group were significantly higher than those of the RS group(P<0.05), but differences among other groups were not significant(P>0.05). 2) The digestibility values of DM and ADF in the CS and CC groups were significantly higher than those in the RS group(P<0.05), while digestibility values of OM and NDF were significantly higher than those of both SH and RS groups(P<0.05). The digestibility of N in the SH group was significantly higher than that in RS group(P<0.05), while ADF digestibility did not differ significantly between groups(P>0.05). 3) The numbers of Ruminococcus albus and Prevotella brevis in rumen fluid of CS and CC groups were significantly higher than for the RS group(P<0.05), while the numbers of those two bacterial species in the SH group were intermediate, and not significantly different from the other groups(P>0.05). The numbers of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes in CS and CC groups were significantly higher than in the SH and RS groups(P<0.05). There was no significant differences among the 4 groups for numbers of Selenomonas ruminantium(P>0.05). These results indicate that, compared with the sunflower seed hull and rapeseed straw diets, corn stalk diet and corn cob diet are more beneficial to the performance Hu lambs, when finishing for slaughter. and were also beneficial for increasing the number of cellulolytic bacteria in rumen fluid, this also promoting cellulose degradation in the rumen.
引文
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[3] Zhang Y, Guo H M, Tang Z H, et al. Effects of pelleted rape straw feed on productive performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and blood biochemical indexes of Hu sheep. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(10): 171-179. 张勇, 郭海明, 汤志宏, 等. 油菜秆颗粒料对湖羊生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数及血液生化指标的影响. 草业学报, 2016, 25(10): 171-179.
[4] Zhang M C, Tian P Y, Wang H L, et al. Effects of different treatments of roughage on growth performance of Fattening Sheep. Feed Review, 2005, (3): 35-37.张满昌, 田培育, 王洪亮, 等. 不同处理粗饲料对育肥羊生长性能的影响. 饲料博览, 2005, (3): 35-37.
[5] Ma Q Q, Li T J, He L Q, et al. Effects of different roughage combinations on the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of Tan sheep in Ningxia. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015, 27(6): 1936-1942.马琴琴, 李铁军, 何流琴, 等. 不同粗饲料组合对宁夏滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响. 动物营养学报, 2015, 27(6): 1936-1942.
[6] Turner K E, Wildeus S, Collins J R. Intake, performance, and blood parameters in young goats offered high forage diets of lespedeza or alfalfa hay. Small Ruminant Research, 2005, 59(1): 15-23.
[7] Huws S A, Lee M R, Muetzel S M, et al. Forage type and fish oil cause shifts in rumen bacterial diversity. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2010, 73(2): 396-407.
[8] Kong Y, Teather R, Forster R. Composition, spatial distribution, and diversity of the bacterial communities in the rumen of cows fed different forages. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2010, 74(3): 612-622.
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