医学生人格特质与心理健康情况的典型相关分析研究
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摘要
目的医学生作为医生的前身,不仅要求具有精湛的职业技能,还必须具备良好的心理素质。了解当今医学生人格特质及其心理健康状况,分析当今医学生人格特质与心理健康状况的特点,并探讨两者的内在联系,为更有针对性地开展心理健康教育和制定相关干预措施提供科学依据,也为日后相关研究的开展提供一定的理论依据。方法在2017年8—11月间,以粤东某高校医学院在校医学生为研究对象,通过SCL-90症状自评量表评估参与者的心理健康状态、大五人格量表调查参与者的人格特质。问卷调查以无记名方式进行。运用Excel 2016和SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据录入与处理分析,运用典型相关分析方法对医学生人格特质和心理健康的相关性进行分析。结果 SCL-90问卷得分与全国大学生常模比较,除"强迫症状""焦虑""精神病性"外,其余各因子的差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。典型相关分析中,U_1、V_1典型变量相关系数为0.675(P<0.001),U_2、V_2典型变量相关系数为0.485(P<0.001)。典型相关分析结果表明,神经质和宜人性是反映当代医学生人格特质的主要指标,敌对和偏执是反映医学生心理症状的主要指标。本次研究的结果也表明,宜人性的人格特质有利于降低心理症状水平,而神经质特质则对心理症状水平有强化作用。结论从积极心理学的角度去引导医学生宜人特质等积极人格特质的发展和形成,对改善医学生的心理症状水平、提高医学生的心理健康水平、促进医学生的发展有着重要的意义。
Objective Medical students, as the predecessors of doctors, not only require superb professional skills, but also demand good psychological qualities. To investigate the personality trait and psychological health status of nowadays medical students and to analyze their characteristic and investigate their relationships to develop mental health education and further research and provide the basis for designing psychological intervention plans. Methods Between August and November 2017, students of grade 2014 to grade 2017 in a medical college of a university in East Guangdong were involved as the research subject. Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90) was used to evaluate their psychological health status and Big Five Inventory Scale(BFIS) was applied to investigate their personality trait. All these questionnaires were anonymous. Excel 2016 and SPSS 20.0 were used in data entry and analyzing. Canonical correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between personality trait and psychological health status in nowadays medical students. Results Compared to the national university student norm, the score of SCL-90 shows that there is significant difference except for obsessive-compulsive, depression and psychoticism(all P<0.05). In canonical correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient of canonical variables U_1, V_1 is 0.675(P<0.001) and of canonical variables U_2, V_2 is 0.485(P<0.001). The result of canonical correlation analysis shows that Neuroticism and Agreeableness are the main features to reflect the medical students' personality trait while Hostility and Paranoid are the main features to reflect the medical students' psychological symptoms. The research also points out that Agreeableness will improve psychological symptoms and Neuroticism will make it worse. Conclusion To guide the formation and development of positive personality traits like agreeableness is very helpful for improving medical students' psychological health level and promoting their comprehensive development.
Objective Medical students, as the predecessors of doctors, not only require superb professional skills, but also demand good psychological qualities. To investigate the personality trait and psychological health status of nowadays medical students and to analyze their characteristic and investigate their relationships to develop mental health education and further research and provide the basis for designing psychological intervention plans. Methods Between August and November 2017, students of grade 2014 to grade 2017 in a medical college of a university in East Guangdong were involved as the research subject. Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90) was used to evaluate their psychological health status and Big Five Inventory Scale(BFIS) was applied to investigate their personality trait. All these questionnaires were anonymous. Excel 2016 and SPSS 20.0 were used in data entry and analyzing. Canonical correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between personality trait and psychological health status in nowadays medical students. Results Compared to the national university student norm, the score of SCL-90 shows that there is significant difference except for obsessive-compulsive, depression and psychoticism(all P<0.05). In canonical correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient of canonical variables U_1, V_1 is 0.675(P<0.001) and of canonical variables U_2, V_2 is 0.485(P<0.001). The result of canonical correlation analysis shows that Neuroticism and Agreeableness are the main features to reflect the medical students' personality trait while Hostility and Paranoid are the main features to reflect the medical students' psychological symptoms. The research also points out that Agreeableness will improve psychological symptoms and Neuroticism will make it worse. Conclusion To guide the formation and development of positive personality traits like agreeableness is very helpful for improving medical students' psychological health level and promoting their comprehensive development.
引文
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[3] 徐慧明,李莉,曹文群,等.当前医师执业环境对在校医学生影响的调查研究[J].医学与哲学(A),2014,35(8):72-74.
[4] 刘馨悦,张晓丽,刘波,等.人文教育之对医学生心理素质的强化[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2016,32(7):47-49.
[5] 仇钰,徐翠香,邹向云,等.临床医学专业学位硕士研究生培养中的职业心理素质教育问题[J].中华医学教育探索杂志,2017,16(8):788-791.
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[8] 张云,刘宏娟.医学生心理健康水平现状及其影响因素的调查分析[J].中国医科大学学报,2017,46(4):335-338.
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[12] HOTELLING H.Relations between two sets of variates[M]//SAMUEL K,NORMAN LJ.Breakthroughs in Statistics:Volume 2.New York:Springer-Verlag New York,1992:162-190.
[13] 唐秋萍,程灶火,袁爱华,等.SCL-90 在中国的应用与分析[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1999,7(1):16-20.
[14] 汪雪莲,许能锋,张艺玲.医科大学生人际关系与心理健康的多维度联系[J].现代预防医学,2007,34(15):2809-2811.
[15] 赵鑫,文雅,金振华,等.医科大学生人际关系与心理健康的关系研究[J].内蒙古中医药,2017,36(1):95-97.
[16] 周业波.医学生心理健康与调适探析[J].西北医学教育,2016,24(2):256-259.
[17] 李彤彤,唐莉,张雨婕.医学生自我妨碍与大五人格特质的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2017,25(7):1097-1099.
[18] 吴传莉,留秀丽,游文鋆,等.医学研究生人格特质与心理健康状况典型相关分析[J].中国卫生统计,2017,34(3):421-423.
[19] 沈可,黄笛,刘晴,等.中国医学生心理健康状况与人格特征相关性研究的元分析[J].中国循证心血管医学杂志,2017,9(9):1029-1033.
[20] 吴平,揭中华.上消化道出血患者人格特质心理弹性及家庭关怀度对其自我感受负担的影响[J].浙江临床医学,2018,20(6):1103-1105.
[21] 潘兴丽,程刚,吉峰.压力源、压力强对医学硕士研究生心理健康影响的调查研究[J].中国高等医学教育,2017(9):128-129.
[22] JERONIMUS B F,RIESE H,SANDERMAN R,et al.Mutual reinforcement between neuroticism and life experiences:A five-wave,16-year study to test reciprocal causation[J].J Pers Soc Psychol,2014,107(4):751-764.
[23] 陆媛.积极心理学对大学生自我教育能力培养的积极意义[J].青年时代,2017(7月下):147-148.
[2] 石福艳,李伟.医学生人格特质与心理健康状况的典型相关分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(22):4122-4125.
[3] 徐慧明,李莉,曹文群,等.当前医师执业环境对在校医学生影响的调查研究[J].医学与哲学(A),2014,35(8):72-74.
[4] 刘馨悦,张晓丽,刘波,等.人文教育之对医学生心理素质的强化[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2016,32(7):47-49.
[5] 仇钰,徐翠香,邹向云,等.临床医学专业学位硕士研究生培养中的职业心理素质教育问题[J].中华医学教育探索杂志,2017,16(8):788-791.
[6] 曾海英.浅议妇产科医生应具备的心理素质[J].特别健康,2018(14):269.
[7] 盛立英,侯文,徐曼,等.医科大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2014,30(8):1084-1085.
[8] 张云,刘宏娟.医学生心理健康水平现状及其影响因素的调查分析[J].中国医科大学学报,2017,46(4):335-338.
[9] OLIVER P J,LAURA P N,CHRISTOPHER J S.Handbook of personality:theory and research[M].London:The Guilford Press,2008:114-158.
[10] 张明圆.精神科评定量表手册[M].长沙:湖南科学出版社,1993:16-24.
[11] VASKE J J,BEAMAN J,SPONARSKI C C.Rethinking internal consistency in cronbach’s alpha [J].Leisure Sciences,2017,39(2):163-173.
[12] HOTELLING H.Relations between two sets of variates[M]//SAMUEL K,NORMAN LJ.Breakthroughs in Statistics:Volume 2.New York:Springer-Verlag New York,1992:162-190.
[13] 唐秋萍,程灶火,袁爱华,等.SCL-90 在中国的应用与分析[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1999,7(1):16-20.
[14] 汪雪莲,许能锋,张艺玲.医科大学生人际关系与心理健康的多维度联系[J].现代预防医学,2007,34(15):2809-2811.
[15] 赵鑫,文雅,金振华,等.医科大学生人际关系与心理健康的关系研究[J].内蒙古中医药,2017,36(1):95-97.
[16] 周业波.医学生心理健康与调适探析[J].西北医学教育,2016,24(2):256-259.
[17] 李彤彤,唐莉,张雨婕.医学生自我妨碍与大五人格特质的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2017,25(7):1097-1099.
[18] 吴传莉,留秀丽,游文鋆,等.医学研究生人格特质与心理健康状况典型相关分析[J].中国卫生统计,2017,34(3):421-423.
[19] 沈可,黄笛,刘晴,等.中国医学生心理健康状况与人格特征相关性研究的元分析[J].中国循证心血管医学杂志,2017,9(9):1029-1033.
[20] 吴平,揭中华.上消化道出血患者人格特质心理弹性及家庭关怀度对其自我感受负担的影响[J].浙江临床医学,2018,20(6):1103-1105.
[21] 潘兴丽,程刚,吉峰.压力源、压力强对医学硕士研究生心理健康影响的调查研究[J].中国高等医学教育,2017(9):128-129.
[22] JERONIMUS B F,RIESE H,SANDERMAN R,et al.Mutual reinforcement between neuroticism and life experiences:A five-wave,16-year study to test reciprocal causation[J].J Pers Soc Psychol,2014,107(4):751-764.
[23] 陆媛.积极心理学对大学生自我教育能力培养的积极意义[J].青年时代,2017(7月下):147-148.
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