基于突触可塑性机制探讨补肾醒脑法消退恐惧记忆的效应
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摘要
突触可塑性是学习和记忆的分子机制,异常的突触可塑性是恐惧记忆形成和消退的潜在性机制之一。中医的肾、脑与恐相关性的理论提示恐伤肾,肾虚易恐,而恐产生的中枢部位在脑,脑的发育和功能发挥有赖于肾精的滋养。因此,针对恐惧记忆的消退,应从补肾、醒脑入手。基于此,提出探讨补肾醒脑对恐惧记忆形成和消退的调控作用是对中医脑肾理论本质研究的丰富和创新。在今后关于恐惧障碍的研究中,以恐惧相关的肾、脑理论为指导,进一步明确补肾醒脑法促进恐惧记忆消退的效应;可以关键脑区的突触可塑性为基础,通过观察补肾醒脑法对与恐惧记忆密切相关的应激激素、神经递质、神经肽的整体性调控作用,阐明其发挥恐惧记忆消退的相关神经生化机制,从而为今后防治与恐惧相关的精神心理疾病的转化医学研究奠定基础。
Synaptic plasticity is the molecular mechanism of learning and memory. Aberrant synaptic plasticity is one of the potential mechanisms that form and extinct fear memory. Kidney, brain and fear have great relevance in traditional Chinese medicine, which suggests that fear can do harm to kidney while the deficiency of kidney can cause fear. The brain is the central parts of the fear emerging. Development and function of brain depends on kidney yin. Therefore, we should focus on fear extinction from kidney and brain. The paper discusses the regulation of fear memory formation and extinction by the method of tonifying kidney and enlightening brain, which is a way to enrich and innovate TCM. In the future researches, regarding fear related kidney and brain theory as a guide, we are going to further study the fear memory extinction intervened by tonifying kidney and enlightening brain method based on synaptic plasticity in key brain areas, observe the overall regulation of related stress hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptide to clarify its neural biochemical mechanism of fear memory extinction, then lay the foundation for future research of translational medicine prevention and fear related mental disease.
Synaptic plasticity is the molecular mechanism of learning and memory. Aberrant synaptic plasticity is one of the potential mechanisms that form and extinct fear memory. Kidney, brain and fear have great relevance in traditional Chinese medicine, which suggests that fear can do harm to kidney while the deficiency of kidney can cause fear. The brain is the central parts of the fear emerging. Development and function of brain depends on kidney yin. Therefore, we should focus on fear extinction from kidney and brain. The paper discusses the regulation of fear memory formation and extinction by the method of tonifying kidney and enlightening brain, which is a way to enrich and innovate TCM. In the future researches, regarding fear related kidney and brain theory as a guide, we are going to further study the fear memory extinction intervened by tonifying kidney and enlightening brain method based on synaptic plasticity in key brain areas, observe the overall regulation of related stress hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptide to clarify its neural biochemical mechanism of fear memory extinction, then lay the foundation for future research of translational medicine prevention and fear related mental disease.
引文
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[4]Lynch M A.Long-term potentiation and memory physiological reviews,2004,84(1):87-136
[5]Kamal A,Ramakers G M,Gispen W H,et al.Hyperinsulinemia in rats causes impairment of spatial memory and learning with defects in hippocampal synaptic plasticity by involvement of postsynaptic mechanisms.Experimental Brain Research,2013,227(3):45-51
[6]Yu W,Wei L,Qian Z,et al.Effects of developmental perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure on spatial learning and memory ability of rats and mechanism associated with synaptic plasticity.Food&Chemical Toxicology,2015,76:70
[7]Sydow A,Van d J A,Zheng F,et al.Tau-induced defects in synaptic plasticity,learning,and memory are reversible in transgenic mice after switching off the toxic Tau mutant.Journal of Neuroscience the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience,2011,31(7):2511
[8]Reul J M H M,Nutt D J.Glutamate and cortisol-A critical confluence in PTSD?.Journal of Psychopharmacology,2008,22(5):469-472
[9]Lo C M,Samuelson L C,Chambers J B,et al.Characterization of mice lacking the gene for cholecystokinin.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2008,51(2):382-382
[10]李航,钟志鸿,杨进,等.海马突触可塑性与创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)相关研究.基因组学与应用生物学,2015,34(3):658-662
[11]杨姝,石玉秀.LTP与PTSD发病机制的相关性及研究进展.解剖科学进展,2011,17(2):171-173
[12]黄辛.复旦大学研究提出消退恐惧记忆的新策略.前沿科学,2016,10(4):90-92
[13]李奕祺.论肾藏精起亟.康复学报,2006,16(2):53-54
[14]郑成强,谭凌霄,周天秀,等.电针对创伤后应激障碍患者静息态脑功能连接网络的影响.中国针灸,2015,35(5):469-473
[15]张虹,袁彩凤,冉连辉,等.不同针灸方法治疗汶川“5.12”地震创伤后应激障碍的临床随机对照研究.中华中医药杂志,2010,25(9):1505-1510
[16]邓铁涛.中医诊断学.2版.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006:123
[17]吴丽丽,严灿,刘书考.肾虚对恐惧记忆形成的影响及补肾方药调节作用的初步研究.安徽中医药大学学报,2012,31(3):48-52
[18]安献丽,郑希耕.创伤后应激障碍的动物模型及其神经生物学机制.心理科学进展,2008,16(3):371-377
[19]Dias B G,Ressler K J.Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations.Nature Neuroscience,2014,17(1):89
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