基于EVI2和多趋势分析法的高原草地植被物候动态监测研究
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摘要
基于EVI2数据集提取青藏高原草地植被的物候信息,分析青藏高原草地返青期(Start of Growth Season,SOG)、枯黄期(End of Growth Season,EOG)和生长季长度(Length of Growth Season,LOG)的空间分布格局及近30 a来青藏高原草地物候的时空动态变化特征。结果表明:青藏高原的草地物候由东南向西北呈现出明显的区域性差异。其中,高原东部和西北部地区的草地植被返青时间早于中部和西南部地区,而枯黄时间却晚于中部和西南部地区,生长季长度较中部和西南部地区长。同时,青藏高原物候变化趋势在东西部地区的差异十分明显。草地植被返青提前的区域主要集中在高原的东部,提前速率为0.49 d/a(R~2=0.54)。草地植被物候分布和变化趋势在不同海拔和坡向上的差异也十分显著。海拔每升高1 000 m,草地SOG推迟4 d,EOG提前5 d,LOG缩短9 d。随海拔的升高,草地SOG的推迟速率逐渐增加,LOG变化速率呈现出逐渐减小的趋势。此外,南坡草地SOG较北坡晚,其LOG较北坡、东坡和西坡的短。北坡草地SOG平均推迟速率低于南坡。
Based on grassland vegetation phenology extracting from EVI2 data sets,distribution and dynamic variation characteristic of SOG,EOG and LOG were analyzed in recent 30 years.The results showed that grassland phenology had shown an obvious regional difference from southeast to northwest in TP.The grassland vegetation in eastern and northwestern part of plateau turned green earlier and brown late,with a relatively longer growth season than other regions.The changes of grassland vegetation phenology from 1981 to 2010 in the east and west regions were also remarkable in TP.The Start of Growth Season(SOG) was in advance in eastern region,with the advanced rate of 0.49 d/a(R~2=0.54).There were remarkable difference in phenology distribution and changes in different elevations and aspects.When the altitude had risen 1000 m,the SOG delayed 4 days,EOG advanced 5 days,and LOG shorten 9 days.With the increase of altitude,the SOG rate of grassland increased gradually,and LOG change rate showed a decreasing trend.In addition,SOG in south aspect was later than that in north aspect.LOG in south aspect was shorten than that in others.Average delay rate of SOG in north aspect was lower than that in south aspect.
Based on grassland vegetation phenology extracting from EVI2 data sets,distribution and dynamic variation characteristic of SOG,EOG and LOG were analyzed in recent 30 years.The results showed that grassland phenology had shown an obvious regional difference from southeast to northwest in TP.The grassland vegetation in eastern and northwestern part of plateau turned green earlier and brown late,with a relatively longer growth season than other regions.The changes of grassland vegetation phenology from 1981 to 2010 in the east and west regions were also remarkable in TP.The Start of Growth Season(SOG) was in advance in eastern region,with the advanced rate of 0.49 d/a(R~2=0.54).There were remarkable difference in phenology distribution and changes in different elevations and aspects.When the altitude had risen 1000 m,the SOG delayed 4 days,EOG advanced 5 days,and LOG shorten 9 days.With the increase of altitude,the SOG rate of grassland increased gradually,and LOG change rate showed a decreasing trend.In addition,SOG in south aspect was later than that in north aspect.LOG in south aspect was shorten than that in others.Average delay rate of SOG in north aspect was lower than that in south aspect.
引文
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[28] Hoaglin D C,Mosteller F,Tukey J W.Understanding Robust and Exploratory Data Analysis[M].Wiley:New York,2000.
[29] Liu Xiaotian,Zhou Lei,Shi Hao,et al.Phenological Characteristics of Temperate Coniferous and Broad-Leaved Mixed Forests based on Multiple Remote Sensing Vegetation Indices,Chlorophyll Fluorescence and CO2 Flux Data[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2018,38(10):3482-3494.[刘啸添,周蕾,石浩,等.基于多种遥感植被指数、叶绿素荧光与CO2通量数据的温带针阔混交林物候特征对比分析[J].生态学报,2018,38(10):3482-3494.]
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[2] Chuine I.A Unified Model For Budburst of Trees[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,2000,207(3):337-347.
[3] Meng Fandong,Zhou Yang,Cui Shujuan,et al.Effects of Climate Changes on Plant Phenology at High-Latitude and Alpine Regions[J].Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,34(4):498-507.[孟凡栋,周阳,崔树娟,等.气候变化对高寒区域植物物候的影响[J].中国科学院大学学报,2017,34(4):498-507.]
[4] Zavaleta E S,Shaw M R,Chiariello N R,et al.Grassland Responses to Three Years of Elevated Temperature,CO2,Precipitation,and N Deposition[J].Ecological Monographs,2003b,73(4):585-604.
[5] Yao Tandong,Zhu Liping.The Response of Environmental Changes on Tibetan Plateau to Global Changes and Adaptation Strategy[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006(5):459-464.[姚檀栋,朱立平.青藏高原环境变化对全球变化的响应及其适应对策[J].地球科学进展,2006(5):459-464.]
[6] Li Lanhui,Liu Linshan,Zhang Yili,et al.Elevation-Dependent Alpine Grassland Phenologyon the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(1):26-36.[李兰晖,刘林山,张镱锂,等.青藏高原高寒草地物候沿海拔梯度变化的差异分析[J].地理研究,2017,36(1):26-36.]
[7] Piao S L,Cui M,Chen A,et al.Altitude and Temperature Dependence of Change in the Spring Vegetation Green-Up Date from 1982 to 2006 in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2011,151(12):1599-1608.
[8] Yu H,Luedeling E,Xu J.Winter and Spring Warming Result in Delayed Spring Phenology on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2010,107(51):22151-22156.
[9] Shen M.Spring Phenology Was Not Consistently Related to Winter Warming on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2011,108(19):91-92.
[10] Gao Y,Zhou X,Wang Q,et al.Vegetation Net Primary Productivity and Its Response to Climate Change During 2001¨C 2008 in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,444:356-362.
[11] Luedeling E,Yu H,Xu J,et al.Linear Regression Analysis Misses Effects of Winter Temperature on Tibetan Vegetation[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2011,108(19):E95-E95.
[12] Zhang G,Zhang Y,Dong J,et al.Green-Up Dates in the Tibetan Plateau have Continuously Advanced from 1982 to 2011[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2013,110(11):4309-4314.
[13] Yi S,Zhou Z.Increasing Contamination Might have Delayed Spring Phenology on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2011,108(19):E94.
[14] Goward S N.Satellite Bioclimatology[J].Journal of Climate,1989,2(7):710-720.
[15] Sun Honglie,Zheng Du.Formation,Evolution and Development of Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science & Technology Press,1998.[孙鸿烈,郑度.青藏高原的形成演化与发展[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1998.]
[16] Chang Qing,Wang Siyuan,Sun Yunxiao,et al.The Remote Sensing Monitoring Model of the Typical Vegetation Phenology in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2014(5):815-823.[常清,王思远,孙云晓,等.青藏高原典型植被生长季遥感模型提取分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2014(5):815-823.]
[17] Ding Mingjun,Zhang Yili,Liu Linshan,et al.Spatiotemporal Changes of Commencement of Vegetation Regreening and Its Response to Climate Change on Tibetan Plateau[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2011(5):317-323.[丁明军,张镱锂,刘林山,等.青藏高原植物返青期变化及其对气候变化的响应[J].气候变化研究进展,2011(5):317-323.]
[18] Song Chunqiao,You Songcai,Ke Linghong,et al.Spatio-Temporal Variation of Vegetation Phenology in the Northern Tibetan Plateau as Detected by MODIS Remote Sensing[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011(8):853-863.[宋春桥,游松财,柯灵红,等.藏北高原植被物候时空动态变化的遥感监测研究[J].植物生态学报,2011(8):853-863.]
[19] Zhang G,Zhang Y,Dong J,et al.Green-Up Dates in the Tibetan Plateau have Continuously Advanced from 1982 to 2011[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2013,110(11):4309-4314.
[20] Jiang Z,Huete A R,Didan K,et al.Development of a Two-Band Enhanced Vegetation Index without a Blue Band[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(10):3833-3845.
[21] Huete A R,Didan K,Shimabukuro Y E,et al.Amazon Rainforests Green up with Sunlight in Dry Season[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(6):L06405.doi:10.1029/2005GL025583.
[22] Fensholt R,Langanke T,Rasmussen K,et al.Greenness in Semi-Arid Areas Across the Globe 1981～2007:An Earth Observing Satellite based Analysis of Trends and Drivers[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,121:144-158.
[23] De Jong R,De Bruin S,De Wit A,et al.Analysis of Monotonic Greening and Browning Trends from Global NDVI Time-Series[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(2):692-702.
[24] Yang Yuanhe,Piao Shilong.Variations in Grassland Vegetation Cover in Relation to Climatic Factors on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(1):1-8.[杨元合,朴世龙.青藏高原草地植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的关系[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(1):1-8.]
[25] Rocha A V,Shaver G R.Advantages of a Two Band EVI Calculated from Solar and Photosynthetically Active Radiation Fluxes[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(9):1560-1563.
[26] Huete A,Didan K,Miura T,et al.Overview of the Radiometric and Biophysical Performance of the MODIS Vegetation Indices[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,83(1):195-213.
[27] J?nsson P,Eklundh L.Seasonality Extraction by Function Fitting to Time-Series of Satellite Sensor Data[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2002,40(8):1824-1832.
[28] Hoaglin D C,Mosteller F,Tukey J W.Understanding Robust and Exploratory Data Analysis[M].Wiley:New York,2000.
[29] Liu Xiaotian,Zhou Lei,Shi Hao,et al.Phenological Characteristics of Temperate Coniferous and Broad-Leaved Mixed Forests based on Multiple Remote Sensing Vegetation Indices,Chlorophyll Fluorescence and CO2 Flux Data[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2018,38(10):3482-3494.[刘啸添,周蕾,石浩,等.基于多种遥感植被指数、叶绿素荧光与CO2通量数据的温带针阔混交林物候特征对比分析[J].生态学报,2018,38(10):3482-3494.]
[30] Zhou Yuke,Liu Jianwen.Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Vegetation Phenology with Multiple Methods over the Tibetan Plateau based on MODIS NDVI Data[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2018,33(3):112-124.[周玉科,刘建文.基于MODIS NDVI和多方法的青藏高原植被物候时空特征分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2018,33(3):112-124.]